Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques European Commission - EuropeAid Co-operation Office Méditeranéennes Euro-Mediterranean Regional Programme for Local Water Management (MEDA Water) Mediterranean Drought Preparedness and Mitigation Planning (MEDROPLAN) Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (Spain) Drought Management Guidelines University of Cyprus Examples National Technical University of Athens (Greece) of application in Mediterranean countries Università degli Studi di Catania (Italy) Editors: A. Iglesias, A. Cancelliere, D. Gabiña, A. López-Francos, M. Moneo, G. Rossi Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II (Morocco) Authors: T. Ameziane, M. Belghiti, S. Benbeniste, M. Bergaoui, B. Bonaccorso, A. Cancelliere, T. Christofides, Confederación Hidrográfica del Tajo, F. Cubillo, L. Euchi, Ministère de l’Agriculture et D. Gabiña, A. Garrido, L. Garrote, S. Hajispyrou, J.C. Ibáñez, A. Iglesias, des Ressources Hydrauliques (Tunisia) E. Keravnou-Papailiou, A. Lapeña, F. Lebdi, A. López-Francos, M.H. Louati, M. Mathlouthi, H.J. Mellouli, M. Moneo, A. Ouassou, D. Pangalou, P. Pashardes, S. Quiroga, G. Rossi, N. Rostandi, D. Saraçoglu, T. Sibou, D. Tigkas, G. Tsakiris, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente N. Tsiourtis, C. Vangelis, A. Ziyad Confederación Hidrográfica del Tajo (Spain) Canal de Isabel II (Spain) Fundación Ecología y Desarrollo (Spain) Table of contents Table of contents . 3 1. Cyprus . 5 The Planning Framework . 5 Societal response to drought . 5 Water scarcity, drought and climate change . 6 Purpose and process . 6 Organizational Component . .7 The case study (Paphos Irrigation Project) . 7 Legal and institutional framework . 8 Stakeholders and priorities . 8 Methodological component . .9 Meteorological and hydrological drought . 9 Hydrological risk analysis: probabilities of satisfaction and impacts analysis . 10 Operational Component . .13 2. Greece . 15 The planning framework . .15 Drought events in Greece . .15 The Nestos and Mornos Basins . 15 Organizational component . .17 Legal framework . 17 Methodological component: Drought characterization and risk analysis . 18 Intensity, frequency and duration of drought . 18 The Nestos Basin . 19 The Mornos Basin . 19 Drought effects on runoff . 19 Potential impacts of drought . 20 Operational component . .20 Actions in the short term . 20 Monitoring systems . 21 Proactive and reactive plans and actions . 21 Strengths and weaknesses of the current structure . 22 3. Italy . 25 Introduction . 25 Organizational component . .25 The Italian institutional legal framework related to drought management . 25 Proposals for a more effective drought prevention and mitigation . 27 Methodological component . 29 The Simeto Basin case study . 29 Drought identification and characterization . 30 Drought risk analysis . 31 Operational component . .35 4. Morocco . 37 The planning framework . .37 Economic and social impacts of drought . 37 Water scarcity . 37 Purpose and process . 38 3 Examples of application in Mediterranean countries Organizational component . .38 Legal framework . 38 Institutional water management . 38 Methodological component . 39 THE NATIONAL DROUGHT CONTEXT . 39 Meteorological and hydrological drought . 39 Impacts of recent droughts . 40 Analysis of drought using drought indices and modelling tools . 40 RISK ANALYSIS IN AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS: CASE STUDY OF OUM ER RBIA BASIN .40 Methodology for agricultural drought risk analysis and vulnerability assessment . 41 Characterization of drought hazard in rainfed agricultural systems . 41 Spatialization of drought hazard . 42 Drought vulnerability assessment . 42 Operational component . .43 How to shift from reactive to proactive plans of drought? . 43 REACTIVE DROUGHT MANAGEMENT . 43 Meteorological drought and weather forecasts . 43 Agricultural drought . 43 Hydrological drought and water management . 44 Socio-economic drought . 44 PROACTIVE DROUGHT MANAGEMENT . 44 5. Spain . 45 The planning framework . ..