FRONT LINE DEFENDERS GLOBAL ANALYSIS 2018 On the cover: Sited Kimoi Cherongis (Kokipchumba), Talaa Cheserut, and Rebecca (all seated) and Esther Chepkiyeng (standing, left) and Kirop Sikitom (standing, right) from the Sengwer community in the Embobut forest in Kenya protest evictions by the Kenya Forest Service (see p. 14) photo credit: Elias Kimaiyo Published by: Front Line, the International Foundation for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders Grattan House Temple Road Blackrock, A94 FA39 County Dublin Ireland Copyright © 2019 by Front Line Defenders This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution – NonCommercial ShareAlike 3.0 Licence. Design: www.thedrawingboard.ie This report has been produced for the benefit of human rights defenders and may be quoted from or copied so long as the source/authors are acknowledged. Copies of this report are available from [email protected] FRONT LINE DEFENDERS GLOBAL ANALYSIS 2018 THESE ARE THE NAMES OF THE 321 HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS WHO WERE KILLED IN 2018, AS REPORTED TO FRONT LINE DEFENDERS. WE REMEMBER THEM AND TO THEM WE DEDICATE OUR WORK. 1 AT LEAST 49% OF THOSE KILLED HAD PREVIOUSLY RECEIVED A SPECIFIC DIRECT THREAT IN AN ADDITIONAL 43% OF KILLINGS, THERE HAD BEEN GENERAL THREATS MADE TO HRDS IN THE AREA 12% OF THOSE REPORTED KILLED WERE WOMEN 3 6 6 9 8 9 1 2 2 2 1 8 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 5 2 2 2 1 4 3 T E E S A A A A A A A A A R R C N U N N Q 1 77% OF THOSE KILLED I I I I L S L A A Y Y L P O A N A N A A A C I R R A O I I L I R I D N I A L E E T B N R O C Z I E R R D D A H I D M T M Y A WORKING ON LAND, I A I R I O A S N E U A P U B L I I A C S N X F Z N N R O M B I Z K M R D P K U E E A M A INDIGENOUS PEOPLES AND K N O E E M B P A N Y C A G U O I M S T N H A P T E O L L ENVIRONMENTAL RIGHTS R M A E T I C H O A V U U H C G P O S KILLINGS IN GUATEMALA INCREASED 136% COMPARED TO 2017 ARGENTINA Efren Zúñiga Dorado José Aníbal Herrera Leidy Correa Rodolfo Orellana Carlos Jimmy Prado Gallardo Victor Alfonso Zabala Oviedo Otto Valenzuela Orlando Nicolás Negrete Jorge Miguel Polanco Ávila Leonedis Aleiser Sierra Ortiz BRAZIL 2 Julio Cesar Montalvo Israel Fajardo David Sierra Prieto Valdemir Alves Resplandes dos Santos Delmayro Reyes Héctor Janer Latín Luis Cuarto Barrios Machado Marcondes Namblá Nixon Mutis Sossa Belisario Benavidez Ordóñez Margarita Estupiñán Uscátegui Marcio Matos Alirio Sanchez Álvaro Bayona Pérez Felicinda Santamaría Mosquera Marielle Franco Diana Luz Romero Mogajes Wilson Arnulfo Quetama Hurtado Ancizar Cifuentes Vargas Nazildo dos Santos Brito Jorge Jimy Celis Claudio Chávez Luis Erardo Fernadez Velásco Paulo Sérgio Almeida Nascimento Luis Díaz López James Luís Jiménez Estrada José Fernando Jaramillo Oquendo George de Andrade Lima Rodrigues Miller Díaz López María del Carmen Moreno Páez Alexánder Castellano Triana Carlos Antônio dos Santos Berver Victor Velásquez Hugo Albeiro George Pérez Luis Eduardo Dagua Conda Leandro Altenir Ribeiro Ribas Harley Johanny Mogollón Becerra Luis Ovier González Guazorna Ibes Trujillo Contreras Evaldo Florentino José Olmedo Obando Luis Alberto Torres Montoya Horacio Triana Parra Katison de Souza Miguel Eduardo Parra Rondón Harold Lerma Palacio Libardo Moreno Joacir Fran Alves da Mota Eleázar Tequia Bitucay Gilberto Espinosa Victoria Fabián Rosales Niño Edemar Rodrigues da Silva Nicomedes Payán Segura Ramón Ascue Raúl Buitrago Perdomo Lucas de Lima Batista Antonio María Vargas Madrid Felix Castañeda Hernán Darío Chavarría Ismauro Fatimo dos Santos Diana Patricia Mejía Fonseca Harry Alexander Ortiz Parra José Uriel Rodríguez Juvenil Martins Rodrigues Carlos Eduardo Melo Ramírez Miguel Daniel Bautista Alejandro Jacanamejoy Haroldo Betcel Sandra Yaneth Luna Cristian Andrés Lozano Emiliano Tróchez Yonda Aluísio Sampaio dos Santos David Alexis Narváez Luis Eduardo Domínguez Blandón Holmes Alberto Niscue Raphaela Souza Jesús Orlando Grueso Obregón Gabriel Muñoz Muñoz Huver Hoyos Rengifo Gabriel Batista de Souza Jhonatan Cundumí Amilcar Yagarí Siagama Fabiola Fajardo Ayala Carol Machado Deiver Quintero Juvenal Silva Manchola José Pineda José Bernardo da Silva Elkín Fabián Toro Francisco José Guerra James Escobar Montenegro Rodrigo Celestino Cristian Camilo Toro Rodas Yesison Ramírez Óliver Herrera Camacho Flover Sapuyes Gaviria Holman Mamian Amparo Fabiola Rodríguez Muchavisoy CHILE Juan Emilio Habran Solano Arnulfo Catimay Blanca Alirio Antonio Arenas Gómez Alejandro Castro Cristián Emilio Jaimes Triana Luis Carlos Cabrera Hover Alexander Orrego Camilo Catrillanca Julio Cesar Urango Sánchez Cristian Andrey Rodríguez Sánchez Edixon Panché Niscué Hermisul aka Iver Larraonda Rendón Héctor Santiago Anteliz Alipio Salazar Áviles COLOMBIA Éider Arley Campo Hurtado José Abraham García Victor Chechegamo Tocobio’s Victor Manuel Morato Luis Arturo Royet Franco Jamer Albeiro Idrobo Navia Fredy Julian Conda Dagua Plinio Pulgarín Victor Hugo Martínez Barragán Julio César Sucerquia Dioselí Noriega María Yolanda Maturana Mary Florelia Canas Meza Luis Erardo Fernandez Velasco Jose Domingo Ulcue Collazos Temistocles Machado Tomás Barreto Moreno Iván Lázaro Javier Ancizar Fernández Rivera Maria Magdalena Cruz Rojas Juan Mena Marta Carolina Cañas Yagarí Edilberto Niño Cristancho María Caicedo Muñoz Roberto Vega TANZANIA James Flores Héctor Ramiro García Carlos Uriel López Godfrey Luena Ariel Maquiran Braulio Arturo García Rubén Estrada Garito Malibato Aldemar Trochez Adrián Tihuilit SOMALIA Nestor Sacote Edwin Dagua Ipia Arturo Pérez Martínez Abdiweli Ahmed Mohamed Jerry Turga Alba Edilma Cuevas Rolando Crispín López Julius Barellano José Antonio Navas Romualdo Merino Ixpango SOUTH AFRICA Arnel Penaso Leslie Ann Pamela Montenegro del Real Sandile Biyela Carlito Sawad ECUADOR Feliciano Ascencio Sierra Rolly Panebio Gavis Moreno Cresenciano Everardo Lorenzo CAMBODIA Gilbert Labial Alexis Santos Castillo Teurn Soknai Jean Labial GUATEMALA Mario Vallejo García Thul Khna Jaime Delos Santos Ronal David Barillas Díaz Quintín Salgado Salgado Cesar Carreon Domingo Esteban Pedro Santiago Israel Aguirre Arzate INDIA Victor Villafranca Mateo Chamán Paau Carlos Domínguez Rodríguez Sandeep Sharma Rene Laurencio José Can Xol Aarón Varela Martínez Poipynhun Majaw Morena Mendoza Luis Arturo Marroquin Roberto Bernal Campos Nanjibhai Sondarva Angelife Arsenal Florencio Nájera Pérez Leobardo Vázquez Atzin Shujaat Bukhari Eglicerio Villegas Alejandro Hernández García Janeth González López Valmiki Yadav Paterno Baron Ramón Choc Sacrab Gustavo Sánchez López Ashish Dahiya Rannel Bantigue Antonio Cruz Jiménez Manuel Gaspar Rodríguez Suresh Oraon Dannyboy Bautista Laurent Ángel Castillo Cifuentes Jesús Álvarez Chávez Jayant Kumar Benjamin Ramos Luis Alfredo de León Miranda Margarito Diaz Gonzalez Ajit Maneshwar Naik Annaliza Dinopol Gallardo Capinpin Crisanto Garcia Ohaca Noel Castillo Aguilar Kedar Singh Jindan Luis Armando Maldonado Marin Julian Carrillo Martinez Snowlin Vinista IRAN Francisco Munguía Azuani Díaz García P. Tamilarasan Kavous Seyed Emami Juana Raimundo Maria Luisa Ortiz Arenas N. Jayaraman Juana Ramírez Santiago Carlos Humberto Mendoza de los Santos Gladston IRAQ Daniel Ichich Chon Ramón Hernández Nevárez Maniraj Suad al-Ali Alfredo Norberto Mazariesgos Anselmo Hernández Andujo B Sailu Iqbal Muradi Nelson Abel Ramos Cordón Francisco Chaparro Carrillo Rajendra Prasad Singh Jabbar Mohammed Al-Karm Domingo Nach Hernández Luis Pérez García Manoj Tripathi Juan Carlos Chavarría Cruz Mario Leonel Gómez Sánchez Amit Topno LIBYA David Figueroa García Jesús Javier Ramos Arreola Musa Abdul Kareem Jacinto David Mendoza Toma José Nava Lorenzo MYANMAR Ana Greisy López Miguel Santos Trinidad Saw O Moo OCC. PALESTINIAN TERRITORY Elisandro Pérez Joaquin Dias Morales Razan Al-Najjar Nery Esteban Pedro Jesus Alvarez Chavez PAKISTAN Carlos Mayorga Guerrero Charanjeet Singh OMAN HONDURAS Baltazar Andretti Menezes Safeer Hussain Hassan al-Basham Wilmer Paredes Ramón Fiallos PERU PHILIPPINES SYRIA Geovanny Díaz Cárcamo Olivia Arévalo Lomas Ronald Manlanat Niraz Saied Luis Fernando Ayala Marcelina Dumaquit Raed Fares Carlos Hernández VENEZUELA Emelda Sangquina Allarcus Hamoud al-Juneid Samuel Eduardo Martinez Lopez Reyes Orlando Parra Yandong Menyo Mario Henrique Suarez Gomez Pedro Vielma Aniceto Lopez Jr UKRAINE Gerson Daniel Medina Ramón Rosario Linus Cubol Mykola Bychko Jesús León Esteban Empong Sr MEXICO Guillermo Toledo Rommel Romon Alejandro Antonio Diaz Cruz Ricardo Pugong Mayumi Ignacio Basilio Ventura Martinez DRC Mariam Uy Acob Luis Angel Martinez Luc Nkulula Ricky Baguio Olado Luis Carlos Gutiérrez Castillo Masumbuko Birindwa Agudo Quillio Calixto Pedro Guillermo Mark Ventura Abraham Hernández González KENYA Beverly Geronimo Rubén Pat Caiuch Evans Njoroge Jose Unahan Javier Salinas García Lando Perdicos Front Line Defenders, in partnership with a network of more than 20 national and international organisations, is currently working on the development of an International Human Rights Defenders Memorial, which will document the cases of all those human rights defenders killed since the adoption of the UN Declaration of Human Rights Defenders in 1998. Since that day, when the international community agreed to make protection for rights defenders a key priority, an estimated 3,500 have been murdered. WWW.HRDMEMORIAL.ORG 6 Global Overview 2018 MARKED THE 20TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE UNITED NATIONS DECLARATION ON HUMAN RIGHTS DEFENDERS 3, an important milestone in recognising the legitimacy of individuals and groups who work non-violently to defend the rights of their communities. Human rights defenders (HRDs) have long struggled to achieve inclusive, equitable and sustainable societies and have made significant progress in that time. Yet, as outlined below, many of the gains made by the human rights movement over the past two decades are increasingly under attack as the trend towards populist politics predicated on exclusionary nationalism and neo-liberal or protectionist policies continues to take hold.