Index A B AA tropical school, 71 Balai Besar, 212–214 Acehnese Sultanate, 130 Balai Lepau, 215 Aga Khan Award, 165 Balai Penghadapan, 212 Alhambra mosques in Granada, 46 Bank Bumiputra, 160, 161 Andalusian vocabulary of Islamic Bauhaus, 62, 67 Spain, 38 BEP Akitek, 183 Andaya, L. Y., 24, 139, 232 Bioclimatic approach to architectural Angkasapuri building, 70 regionalism, 6 Antonakakis, Susana, 14 Bioclimatic skyscrapers, 167 Arabic stylised buildings of Bodhi trees, 132 Putrajaya, 34 Bougas, W., 32, 52 Arabised forms, 57 Brahmana trees, 132 Arab-Islamic vocabulary, 40, 48, Brasília, 143–144 139, 147 British Colonial administration in Arab Persian elements, 210 Kuala Lumpur, 218 Architect Hijjas Kasturi Associates, British colony, 156 96 British field stations, 180 © The Author(s) 2018 257 S. Jahn Kassim et al. (eds.), Modernity, Nation and Urban-Architectural Form, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66131-5 258 Index British imperial style, 36, 180, 218 Cinnamomum camphora, 128, 132 British landscape, 177 Classical canons, 4 British postwar New Town Classical elements, 15 Programme, 118 Classical framework, 139 British public buildings, 179 Classical languages, 238 British residents, 40, 129 Classical Malay, 250 British trading post in Penang, 8 Classical-romanticist architects, 80 Buddhist traditions, 220 Classical vernacular forms, 110 Bukit Cina, 127 Colonial legacy of green spaces, 129 Bukit Nanas, 122 Colquhoun, A., 4, 22, 152, 155, Bumbung Panjang, 214 168, 185, 244, 247 Bunga Emas, 213 Conflations of regionalism, 59–77 Bunnell, T., 97, 129, 228 Construction, traditional Malay Bustan al-Salatin, 130 tanggam, 108 Byzantine, 39, 182 Corbusier’s brise-soleil, 22, 64 Corbusier’s conceptualisation, 184 Corbusier’s dictum, 108 C Corbusier’s forms and plazas of Calthorpe, P., 123 ancient origins, 65 Canberra, 142, 143 Corbusier’s precedent designs, 72 Canberra & Putrajaya, 142 Corbusier’s predilection, 63 Centre for Modern Architecture Corbusier’s signature, 106 Studies in Southeast Asia, 51 Corbusier’s Villa Savoye, 76 César Pelli Associates, 231 Correa, Charles, 235, 236 Champa, 221 Crinson, M., 34–36, 41, 210, 220, Chandigarh, 65,103–104, 144, 151, 245 211, 234 Criticality and pastiche, 137–153 China, 9, 118, 127, 210, 211, 221 Cultural icons, 89 imperial, 211 Cultural inflections, 73 China and Hindu Buddhist Cultural regionalisation, 178 elements, 220 Curtis, W. J. R., 5, 7, 75, 80, 81, 84, Chinese-influenced dragon wood 103, 105, 140, 172, 184, 245 carving, 223 Cyberjaya and Putrajaya straddling, Chinese motifs, 53, 216 138 Chinese oriental style and reminiscences, 217 Chinese Peranakan, 223 D Chinese shophouse, 226 Dataran Gemilang, 140, 143 Chinese traditions, 217, 226, 231 Dataran Putra, 140 Index 259 Dayabumi, 181, 246 G Decorative Malay, 43 Garden of Kings, 130 Demang, 217 Garden Square Pagoda, 211 Desa Sri Hartamas, 206 GDP Architects, 112 Dewan Bahasa, 12, 85, 88–89 Geometric Islamic landscape Dimitris, 14 features, 147 Diwani Khas, 210 Georgian and Victorian styles, 214 Dolichandrone spathacea, 128 German expressionist architect, 67 Dovey, K., 157, 173 Ghirardo, D., 15, 17, 91, 99, 145, Ducal Palace, 210 148, 201 central, 210 Gothic, 38, 41, 180 Dynamic public spaces, 198 Gothic and Romanesque traditions, 38 Gothic elements, 39, 41, 182 E Granada, 46 Eiffel Tower, 60, 163 Greco-Roman Classical, 147–148 Eisenman, Peter, 168 Greenery and Walkways in Ethnic Malays, 221 Mediating Identities, 117–133 Eurocentric modernity, 19 Europe’s tendency for symbolic abstraction, 8 H Hagan, S., 2, 17, 241 Hajeedar Abdul Majid, 111 F Hang Li Po, 127 Façade detail, 95, 108 Hassan, King, 43 Fatehpur Sikri, 207–212 Hay, Robert, 35 famed, 211 Heath, 118 Feener, R. M., 128 High-rise form, 155–173 Ficus benjamina, 128 commercial, 158 Ficus religiosa, 132 early, 159 Ficus rumphii, 132 existing Western, 160 Floral motifs, 223 Hijjas Kasturi Associates, 23, 96, Ford, E. R., 63, 163, 172 162, 166, 171 Frampton, 4–5, 16–17, 20, 67, Hikayat Abdullah, 130 148, 150–152, 163–165, Hikayat Acheh, 130 168–170 Hikayat Hang Tuah, 130 Fusing national identity and Hikayat Inderaputera, 130 tropicality, 47–52 Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa, 130 260 Index Hikayat Patani, 130 Islamic domes, 55, 146, 245 Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai, 130 Islamic dressing and language, 148 Hindu and Jaina architecture, 212 Islamic eclecticism, 41 Hindu Buddhist elements, 220 Islamic forms, 42, 112, 159 Hinduism, 9, 131 Islamic geometry, 231 Hisham Albakri, 47 Islamic Indo Saracenic, 179 Howard, Ebenezer, 119, 199 Islamic Spain, 38 Hybrid columnar language, 108–113 Islamic star motif, 230 Islamic vision of paradise, 128 Islamic vocabulary and local identity I of Malay architecture, 111 Indian and Arab-Persian elements, Istana Budaya, 85, 87–88 210 Istana Negara, 245 Indian and Chinese traditions, 217 Istana Pelamin, 212 Indian-Buddhist traditions, 230 Indian-Mughal elements, 217 Indo-Saracenic forms and eclectic, J 48 Jaina architecture, 212 International style, 11, 21, 22, 47, Jalan Masjid India, 199 52, 57, 59–65, 71, 73, 75, Jalan Petaling, 121 146, 148, 156, 160, 236, 238 Jalan Pudu, 121 pervasive, 11 Jalan Tun Cheng Lock, 179 progressive, 71 Jalan Tun HS Lee, 123 tropicalised, 60 Jamek mosque, 38 Islam, 9, 32, 35, 42, 45, 54, 57, 139, Janda Berhias, 95 246 Jenkins, D., 138, 156, 237 global, 110, 147 Jones, Owen, 35 high eclectic, 146 Jones, Paul, 178 moderate, 110 progressive, 54 viewed, 35 K Islamic and hi-tech architecture, 147 Kaboudarahangi, M., 129 Islamic and Western elements, 210 Kahn, J. S., 2–3, 7, 12, 64, 138, 156, Islamic architecture, 43, 54, 57, 245 239 Islamic architecture and Asian form, Karnaks, 18 245–249 native, 18 Islamic architecture in Britain, 179 Kassim, B., 47, 48 Islamic conservatism, 146, 147 Ken Yeang’s theories, 224 Islamic dome elements and Islamic-­ KL Tower, 198 themed columns adorn Koenigsberger, 60, 71 mosques, 146 Kolam Jentera Hati, 128 Index 261 Koompassia malaccensis, 128 Malay Chinese, 90 Kuala Lumpur first international Malay craftsmen, 83 airport, 182–185 Malay-eclectic style, 233 Kuala Lumpur General Hospital Malay emblems and abstracted (KLGH), 71 references, 252 Kuala Lumpur train station, 181 Malay forms, 70, 75, 83, 97, 179 Kurokawa, Kisho, 186, 188, 190 classical, 212 Kusno, A., 21, 61, 155, 157 local, 218 Malay heritage elements, 217 Malay house, 83, 93, 185, 226, 251 L generic, 221 La Dawandi, 215 quintessential, 82 Lake Burley Griffin, 142–143 traditional, 223 Lake Garden, 129 Malay iconography, 92 Landscape, traditional Malay, 133 Malay Islamic culture, 146 Langkasuka Kingdom, 130 Malay Kampung garden tradition, Langkat, 24 130–131 Le Faivre, L., 14, 17, 64, 77, 160, Malay kingdoms, 52 168 earliest, 131 Local Malay archetypical roof, 218 Malay motifs, 98 Loo, Kington (architect), 70, 74, 106 Malay palaces, 87, 212, 251 Look East, 107 Malay palatial architecture, 111 Louvre glass windows command, 72 Malay roof, 18, 20, 81, 84–85, 87, Lynch, 198 91, 109, 111, 245–246 pitched, 87 steep-pitched, 70 M traditional tropical, 113 Macaranga spp, 128 Malay settlements, 129, 195 Maharaja-styled theme, 182 history of, 152 Mahathir, 138–140, 227 independent, 47, 50, 89 Majapahit Kingdom, 130, 132 integrated, 20 Malay Annals, 127, 130–131, 221 multicultural, 13, 60, 97 Malay archetypical form, 213 multiracial, 52 Malay architecture, 69, 82, 107, 111, new, 51 190, 221 post-Independence, 61, 182 traditional, 160 traditional, 221 traditional raised, 113 Malaysian architecture, 13, 18, 75, Malay artisanal motifs, 171 232–233 Malay arts, 171 contemporary, 18 Malay bumbong panjang roof, 246 traditional, 187 262 Index Malay sulor paku motif, 215 Modernist Corbusian language, Malay sultanate palaces, 123 226 Malay syncretic language, 215 Modernist structures, 12–13, 21, 61, Malay-Thai roof, 214 240, 251 Malay timber and tectonic-based form elevate, 82 language, 53 Modern movement, 15, 76, 168, Malay timber palaces, 128 244 Malay towns, 121 Monumentalising, 79–99 Malay vegetal motifs, 216 Moorish, 38, 146 Malay verandah, 221–222, 250 Moroccan clusters, 64 Malay vernacular, 70, 81–84, 89, Mubin Sheppard, 84 109, 112, 179, 203, 249 Mughal, 42, 181 palatial, 112 Mughal chattris, 180 Malay world, 25, 46, 48, 84, 87, 98, Mughal elements, 38 107, 110, 117, 130, 212 mixing, 180 Masjid Kampung Laut, 52 recombining, 38 Masjid Mizan, 55 Mughal Indo-Saracenic elements, Masjid Nat Tanjung, 52 219 Masjid Negara, 12, 47–52, 55, 57, Mughal vocabulary of arches and 251 chattris, 180 Masjid Sultan, 42 Masjid Ubudiyyah, 42 Masjid Wilayah, 42 N Masjid Zahir, 42 National Art Gallery, 26 Melaka houses, 216 Negeri Sembilan’s state mosque of Melaka palaces, 127 reinforced concrete structure, Melaka-style roof piercing, 111 190 Melaka Sultanate, 128, 130, 132 Neoclassical designs and Palladian Menara Maybank, 23 motifs, 214 award-winning, 162 Neoclassical motifs, 223 Menara Mesiniaga, 168 Neoclassical style, 80, 180 Merdeka Square, 199 influenced, 218 Merdeka Stadium, 12 Neotraditional motifs, 15 Middle Eastern and Indian mosque Nichols, S., 140, 145–146 architecture, 52 Niemeyer, Oscar, 143 Middle Eastern languages, 46, 147 Nik Mohammed Nik Mahmood, 43 classical, 147 Nusantara palatial structure, 87 Minangkabau roof, 73, 186, 190 Nusantara vernacular, 149 Index 263 O R Orientalism, 35, 41 Regional and National Agenda, Oriental style of design and 1–28 architecture, 41 Regionalism in University Buildings, Ottoman Empire, 147 101–114 Regionalist Design Intentions, 19 Reid, A., 24, 27, 128 P Renaissance arches, 214 Padang Merdeka, 123, 196 Rhizophora spp, 128 Pago-pago,