Kingdom of Lesotho Statistical Report No 13: 2021 2019 Environment Report Bureau of Statistics Mission: To coordinate the National Statistical P.O. Box 455 System (NSS) and produce accurate, Maseru 100 timely and reliable culturally relevant and Lesotho internationally comparable statistical data Tel: +266 22 323 852/22 326 393 for evidence-based planning, decision Fax: +266 22 310 177 making, research, policy, program E-mail: [email protected] formulation and monitoring and Website: www.bos.gov.ls evaluation to satisfy the needs of users and producers. Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................. iv List of Tables ............................................................................................................... v CHAPTER 1: WATER AND SANITATION ............................................................... 1 1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Scope and coverage ................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Results .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2.1 Domestic Water Production and Consumption ............................................................. 1 1.2.2 Sectors Water Consumption ................................................................................................ 2 1.2.3 Urban Water Consumption .................................................................................................. 3 1.2.4 Maseru Water Consumption ................................................................................................ 4 1.3 Water connections ................................................................................................. 4 1.4 Wastewater ............................................................................................................ 5 1.5 Water Exports ........................................................................................................ 6 1.6 Water Flows ........................................................................................................... 6 1.7 Sanitation .............................................................................................................. 8 1.8 Summary ............................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 2: LAND USE AND COVER ................................................................. 10 2.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Scope and Coverage ............................................................................................. 10 2.2 Results ................................................................................................................ 10 2.3 Forests and other Wooded Land Area ................................................................... 10 2.3.1 Forests Area ............................................................................................................................ 10 2.3.2 Other Wooded Land Area ................................................................................................... 11 2.4 Land under Roads ............................................................................................... 12 2.5 Summary ............................................................................................................. 13 CHAPTER 3: AIR AND CLIMATE CHANGE .......................................................... 14 3.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 14 3.1 Scope and Coverage ............................................................................................. 14 3.2 Climate Change ................................................................................................... 14 3.3 Results ................................................................................................................ 14 3.3.1 Maximum and Minimum Temperatures ....................................................................... 14 ii 3.3.1.1 Monthly Mean Maximum and Minimum ............................................................... 15 3.3.1.2 Annual Mean Maximum and Minimum Temperatures .................................... 16 3.3.2 Precipitation ............................................................................................................................ 17 3.3.3 Airborne Diseases ................................................................................................................. 19 3.3.4 Ozone Depleting Substances and Alternatives ........................................................... 19 3.3.5 Refrigerant……………………………………………………………………………………20 3.3.6 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 21 CHAPTER 4: BIODIVERSITY .............................................................................. 22 4.0 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 22 4.1 Scope and coverage .............................................................................................. 22 4.2 Results ................................................................................................................ 22 4.3 Animal Species .................................................................................................... 22 4.3.1 Vertebrates’ Status ............................................................................................................... 23 4.4 Plant Species ....................................................................................................... 23 4.5 Invasive Alien Species (IAS) .................................................................................. 23 4.6 Ecosystems .......................................................................................................... 24 4.6.1 Wetlands .................................................................................................................................. 24 4.6.1.1 Sub-Catchment Areas………………………………………………………………..25 4.7 Rangelands .......................................................................................................... 26 4.7.1 Rangeland fires ...................................................................................................................... 26 4.8 Botanical Gardens ............................................................................................... 26 4.8.1 Plants propagation ......................................................................................... 26 4.8.1.1 Plant Species…………………………………………………………………….……..27 4.9 Protected areas .................................................................................................... 29 4.9.1 Biosphere Reserves .............................................................................................................. 30 4.9.1.1 Floral species uses ........................................................................................................ 30 4.9.1.2 Faunal species ............................................................................................................... 31 4.9.1.3 Forms of insects ............................................................................................................ 32 4.10 Conserved Catchment Areas .............................................................................. 33 4.11 Summary ........................................................................................................... 34 ANNEX .............................................................................................................. 35 REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 38 iii List of Figures Figure 1.1: Quarterly Water Consumption (kilolitres ‘000) – 2019/2020 ..................................................... 2 Figure 1.2 Volume of Water Consumed (kilolitres ‘000) by Sector – 2019/2020 ......................................... 3 Figure 1.3: Urban water consumption (kilolitres) – 2019 ............................................................................. 3 Figure 1.4: Water Consumption (kilolitres ‘000) of Maseru from 2015 to 2019 .......................................... 4 Figure 1.5: Cumulative Urban Water Connections - 2015/2016 to 2019/2020 ........................................... 5 Figure 1.6: Urban Wastewater (kiloliters) generated - 2015 to 2020........................................................... 5 Figure 1.7 Water Exports in Million Cubic Meters (mm3) – 2019 ................................................................. 6 Figure 1.8: Mean Annual Flow (m3/s) for Mohokare/Caledon catchment ................................................... 7 Figure 1.9: Mean Annual Flow (m3/s) for Makhaleng Catchment ................................................................ 7 Figure 1.10: Mean Annual Flow for Senqu Catchment ................................................................................. 8 Figure 2.1: Area Planted Forest Trees in Hectares by Period (2015/2016 - 2019/2020) ...........................