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S.” 73-1932 I-' BARNETT, Clarence Robert, 1943- COLLEGE ATHLETICS AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN OHIO DURING THE DEPRESSION. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1972 Education, physical University Microfilms, A XEROX Company, Ann Arbor, Michigan fX-. © 1972 Clarence Robert Barnett ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. COLLEGE ATHLETICS AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN OHIO DURING THE DEPRESSION Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Clarence Robert Barnett, B.A., M.A. The Ohio State University 1972 Approved by Seyinpur jCloinman, Adyi___ Sc] 10OI of Heath, P}*ysical Education and Recreation PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. University Microfilms, A Xerox Education Company ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to acknowledge the services rendered by Mrs. Helmuth, the Archivist at Case-Western Reserve University, Mr. Bigglestone, the Archivist at Oberlin College, and the archi­ vists at the University of Toledo and The Ohio State University. I also wish to acknowledge the reference librarians at the Uni­ versity of Cincinnati, Oberlin College, Ohio Wesleyan University, and Otterbein College. All of these people rendered services beyond their normal duties. I would like to acknowledge the kindness of patience of the people who consented to be interviewed. They gave unstint- ingly of their time and knowledge. Particular thanks go to Miss La Tourrette of Ohio University, Dr. Oberteuffer of The Ohio State University, and Dr. Nichols of Oberlin College. To my advisor of seven years, Dr. Seymour Kleinman, goes my deepest appreciation for his help on this dissertation and throughout my graduate career. I would also like to acknowledge Dr. Bruce L. Bennett and Dr. Barbara Nelson for their assistance in the completion of this paper. To my wife, Lysbeth, whose patience, fortitude, and en­ couragement helped me through the bad times and who shared my happiness in the good times, I dedicate this dissertation. » • XI i VITA March 27, 194-3 Born - Steubenville, Ohio 1965 B. A. - Marshall University, Hunting­ ton, West Virginia. 1965-1969 Teacher, Eastmoor High School, Columbus, Ohio 1969 M.A., The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 1969-1972 Teaching Associate, School of Health, Physical Education and Recreation, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS "Work Hard, Work Hard, Work Hard, Work!". The Ohio High School Athlete, p. 179, April, 1970. "A Review of the Theory Crisis in Physical Education Considering Its Motivation, Direction and Implications." The Ohio High School Athlete, p. 186, April, 1972. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Physical Education Philosophy of Physical Education - Professor Seymour Kleinman History of Physical Education - Professor Bruce L. Bennett Minor Field: American History Professor Robert Bremner i* * n « TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACJCNOWI rllDGEMENTS...................................... ii VITA .................................................. iii LIST OF T A B L E S ............. viii LIST OF CHAR TS.............. '............ xi CHAPTER I Introduction................................ 1 Statement Of The Problem, Methods, Proceedures And Definitions............ 16 II Variations In The Number Of Intercollegiate Athletic Teams In Ohio During The Depression Period...................................... 29 Summary................................ 50 III The Depression And Intercollegiate Athletic Income...................................... 53 State Supported Universities .......... 57 Municipally Supported Universities . 64 Private Non-Denominational Universities .................... 69 Church Affiliated Colleges ............ 76 Summary Of Athletic Income ............ 79 IV The Depression And Athletic Expenditures. 83 State Supported Universities .......... 84 Municipal Universities ................ 92 Chapter Page Private Non-Denominational Colleges. 98 Church Affiliated Colleges............ 104- Summary Of Athletic Expenses .......... 107 Conclusions (Chapters IX, III and IV). 108 V College Intrumurals In Ohio During The Depression.............................. 118 Women' s Intramurals.................... 124 State Supported Universities .......... 125 Municipal Universities ................ 127 Private Non-Denominational Universities .......................... 131 Church Affiliated Colleges ............ 133 Summary Women's Intramurals............ 134 Men's Intramurals...................... 137 State Supported Universities .......... 137 Municipal Universities .... ........ 142 Private Non-Denominational Universities .......................... 148 Church Affiliated Colleges ............ 1 5 3 Summary Men's Intramurals.............. 156 Intramural Summary . .................. 157 Conclusions............................ 159 v Chapter Page VI Physical Education Service Programs In Ohio During The Depression.............. 162 State Supported Universities .......... 164 Municipal Universities................ 170 Private Non-Denominational Universities .......................... 172 Church Affiliated Colleges ............ 177 Depression Finances And Ohio Service Programs In Physical Education ........ 180 Summary............................... 185 Conclusions............................ 188 VII Teacher Training In Physical Education In Ohio During The Depression.............. 190 State Supported Universities .......... 201 Municipal Universities ................ 218 Private Non-Denominational Universities .......................... 223 Church Affiliated Colleges ............ 233 Summary............................... 240 Conclusions............................ 243 VIII Summary and Conclusions.................... 246 Effects Of Financial Conditions........ 246 Effects Of Recreational Trends ........ 249 Directions for Further Research........ 252 vi Page APPENDIXES.............................................. 255 A. Letters and Questionnaires Sent to Various Ohio Colleges...................... 256 B. Ohio Colleges Visited During the Course of the S t u d y ........................ 263 C. Information Concerning the Representative Ohio Colleges.............................. 265 D. Annual Enrollment at the Eight Representative Ohio Colleges, 1928-1938.................... 267 E. Number of Intercollegiate Athletic Teams in Ohio by College, 1928-1938 .............. 269 F. Number of Intercollegiate Athletic Teams in Ohio by Sport, 1928-1938 .......... 272 G. Number of Intercollegiate Athletic Teams in Ohio by Size of Selected Colleges, 1928-1938 .................................. 274 BIBLIOGRAPHY .......................................... 277 vii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Football Attendance At 49 Colleges And Universities.............................. 3 2. Number Of Recreational Buildings And Other Facilities Constructed And Improved Through WPA Project Operations, By Types of Facilities. 11 3. Annual Growth And Decline Percentages Of College Enrollment In The United States, 1928-1938. .. 13 4. Enrollment Figures For 8 Representative Ohio Colleges For Selected Years, 1928-1938.... 14 5. A Comparison Of The Percentage Of Enrollment Growth Or Decline At Four Tax Supported Colleges With Four Privately Supported Colleges In Ohio Using 1928 As A Base Y e a r .......................... 14 6 . Summary Of The Number Of Intercollegiate Athletic Teams In Ohio By Sport, 1928-1938 ................. 40 7. A Comparison Between The Number Of Intercollegiate Baseball Teams In Ohio And The National Unemploy­ ment Rate, 1928-1938....................