SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND CHILDREN in Tanzania “Sustainable Changes start with Children” DECEMBER 2019 Sustainable Development Goals and 1 Children in Tanzania Sustainable Development Goals and 2 Children in Tanzania SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS AND CHILDREN in Tanzania “Sustainable Changes start with Children” DECEMBER 2019 Sustainable Development Goals and 3 Children in Tanzania TABLE OF CONTENTS Sustainable Development Goals and 4 Children in Tanzania 9 Abbreviations 12 Preface 14 Introduction 31 Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere Goal 2: 37 End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture 43 Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages Goal 4: 53 Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all 69 Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls 75 Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all Goal 8: 83 Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all 89 Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries 93 Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable 101 Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts Goal 16: 107 Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels 112 Towards 2030: Conclusion and Recommendations 117 ANNEXES 117 ANNEX 1: List of References 122 ANNEX 2: Statistical Annex LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Prevalence of Stunting (%) among children under 5 years of age in 2018 by region Figure 2 Trends in nutritional status of children under age 5 according to WHO Growth Standards 2006, from 1991 to 2018, Tanzania Figure 3 Anaemia (blood haemoglobin level <11.0 g/dl) in children aged 6–59 months by region Figure 4 Trends in child mortality rates (deaths per 1,000 live births) in Tanzania Figure 5 Proportion of children dying before 28 days and 12 months in the under-5 deaths (per cent) Figure 6 Child mortality rates (deaths per 1,000 live births) in the Mainland and Zanzibar, for the period 2006–2015 Figure 7 Trends in maternal mortality ratios (maternal deaths per 100,000 live births) in Tanzania Figure 8 HIV prevalence among adults 15 years and older, by region, Tanzania, 2016/17 Figure 9 Education Structures in Mainland and in Zanzibar Figure 10 Gross and net enrolment rates by education levels (per cent), Tanzania Mainland, 2016–2018 Figure 11 Gross and net enrolment rates by education levels (per cent), Zanzibar, 2016–2018 Figure 12 Percentage of out-of-school children, by age group, in the Mainland, Zanzibar and Tanzania Figure 13 Disparities in the pupil-qualified teacher ratios at region and council levels in government pre-primary schools, Mainland, 2018 Figure 14 Gaps in the number of qualified teachers in government and non- government pre-primary schools, Mainland, 2018 Figure 15 Pupil-teacher ratio by school type and level, Zanzibar, 2018 Figure 16 Pupil-teacher ratios in government schools by district and level, Zanzibar, 2018 Figure 17 Percentage of qualified science teachers by school type and level, Zanzibar, 2018 Figure 18 Percentage of schools with basic water services, basic sanitation services and basic hygiene services, 2018 Figure 19 Female genital mutilation by region Figure 20 Female genital mutilation by age at circumcision of women aged 20–24 years Figure 21 Proportion of households having access to improved and non- improved drinking water sources, Tanzania, 2015/16 Figure 22 Proportion of households having access to sanitation facilities by type Figure 23 Proportion of children aged 5–17 years engaged in child labour (%) by sex, Mainland and Zanzibar 2014 Figure 24 Percentage of children of age 5–17 years in child labour by different characteristics, Mainland Figure 25 Percentage of children of age 5–17 years in child labour by different characteristics, Zanzibar Figure 26 Trends in Gini index, Tanzania Mainland Figure 27 Percentage of population at mid-year residing in urban areas, United Republic of Tanzania, 1990–2050 Figure 28 Trends in the share and size of population at mid-year residing in urban areas, United Republic of Tanzania, 2015–2030 Figure 29 Average annual rate of change of urban agglomerations with 300,000 inhabitants or more, United Republic of Tanzania, 2015–2030 (per cent) Figure 30 Climate change-relevant allocations and as a share of the total budget, Tanzania, 2009/10–2012/13 Figure 31 Prevalence of physical and sexual violence among male and female population aged 13–24 years Figure 32 Birth registration in Tanzania LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Gender Parity Index (GPI) of selected education indicators, Mainland, 2018 58 Table 2 Gender Parity Index (GPI) of selected education indicators, Zanzibar, 2018 59 Table 3 Pupil-qualified teacher ratios and gaps in the number of qualified teachers in 61 government and non-government pre-primary schools, Mainland, 2018 Table 4 Pupil-qualified teacher ratios and gaps in the number of qualified teachers in 62 government and non-government primary schools, Mainland, 2018 Table 5 Percentage of qualified teachers in government schools by district and level, 64 Zanzibar, 2018 ABBREVIATIONS AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ART Antiretroviral Therapy ARV Antiretroviral CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women CHF Community Health Fund CHRGG Commission for Human Rights and Good Governance CRC Convention on the Rights of the Child DAC Development Assistance Committee DRR Disaster Risk Reduction ESDP Education Sector Development Programme ETP Education and Training Policy EWURA Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Agency FAO Food and Agriculture Organization FGM/C Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting FYDP II Five-Year Development Plan II GDP Gross Domestic Product HBS Household Budget Survey HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HMIS Health Management Information System HRHSP Human Resource for Health Strategic Plan HSSP IV Health Sector Strategic Plan IV ILFS Integrated Labour Force Survey LGAs Local Government Authorities MDAs Ministries, Departmentals and Agencies Sustainable Development Goals and 9 Children in Tanzania MDGs Millennium Development Goals MoFP Ministry of Finance and Planning MoHCDGEC Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children MIJCA Ministry of Justice and Constitutional Affairs MKUZA Mkakati wa Kukuza Uchumi na Kupunguza Umaskini Zanzibar MLHHSD Ministry of Lands, Housing and Human Settlements Development MNRT Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism MoHSW Ministry of Health and Social Welfare MVCs Most Vulnerable Children NAWAPO National Water Policy NBS National Bureau of Statistics NCD Non-Communicable Diseases NECTA National Examination Council of Tanzania NGO Non-Governmental Organisation NHIF National Health Insurance Fund NMNAP National Multisectoral Nutrition Action Plan NPS Tanzania’s National Panel Survey NSSF National Social Security Fund NWSDS National Water Sector Development Strategy ODA Official Development Assistance PHC Population and Housing Census PMO Prime Minister’s Office PMTCT Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission PO–RALG President’s Office–Regional Administration and Local Government PPP Public Private Partnership Sustainable Development Goals and 10 Children in Tanzania PPRA Public Procurement Regulatory Authority RITA Registration of Insolvency and Trusteeship Agency RGOZ Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar SADC Southern Africa Development Community SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SSRA Social Security Regulatory Authority TACAIDS Tanzania Commission for AIDS TASAF Tanzania Social Action Fund TB Tuberculosis TDHS Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey TDV Tanzania Development Vision THIS Tanzania HIV Impact Survey TIE Tanzania Institute of Education TSED Tanzania Social Economic Database TZS Tanzanian Shilling UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNSD United Nations Statistics Division USD United States Dollar VACS Violence Against Children Survey WASH Water Sanitation and Hygiene WHA World Health Assembly WHO World Health Organization ZIHHTLP Zanzibar Integrated HIV, Hepatitis, Tuberculosis and Leprosy, Programme Sustainable Development Goals and 11 Children in Tanzania PREFACE In September 2015, the United Republic of Tanzania was among the 193 United Nations member states that endorsed the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and its accompanying 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The SDGs reflect the call for shared action “for people, planet and prosperity” as well as for “partnerships and peace” to be implemented by all countries. In 2017, the Government of the United Republic of Tanzania acknowledged the importance of Agenda 2030 by releasing a national SDG baseline report, which allows the country to monitor progress towards the achievement of SDGs. The Government released a National SDG Data Road Map to facilitate SDG monitoring and is currently strengthening its SDG coordination architecture. In 2019, the United Republic of Tanzania participated and presented its Voluntary National Review (VNR), which highlights progress made on SDGs, at the annual High Level Political Forum (HLPF) of the United Nations. The United Nations family in Tanzania stands ready to support the Government in