McMillan Sand Filtration Plant Washington, DC Historic Preservation Plan May 2016 ZONING COMMISSION District of Columbia Case No. 13-14 ZONING COMMISSION District of Columbia CASE NO.13-14 EXHIBITDeleted NO.896O DĐDŝůůĂŶ^ĂŶĚ&ŝůƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ŝƚĞͮ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐWƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ EHT Traceries May 2016 Page | 1 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Purpose of Historic Preservation Plan 3 Contents of the Historic Preservation Plan 3 PROJECT PURPOSE 5 SITE OVERVIEW 6 METHODOLOGY 6 Historic Context 14 Historic Significance 19 Historic Integrity 24 Preservation Recommendations 30 Documentation and Recommendations: 34 Service Courts 34 Service Court Walls 39 Filter Beds 44 Filter Bed Portals 48 Filter Bed Ramps 54 Service Ramps and Service Stairs 57 Regulator Houses 59 Sand Bins 69 Stationary Sand Washers 78 Corner Stairs 84 Perimeter Pedestrian Path 87 Tunnel 89 Manholes and Covers 91 References 93 DĐDŝůůĂŶ^ĂŶĚ&ŝůƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ŝƚĞͮ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐWƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ EHT Traceries May 2016 Page | 2 DĐDŝůůĂŶ^ĂŶĚ&ŝůƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ŝƚĞͮ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐWƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ EHT Traceries May 2016 Page | 3 Introduction WƵƌƉŽƐĞŽĨ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐWƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ sDWƌĞƚĂŝŶĞĚ,ddƌĂĐĞƌŝĞƐƚŽƉƌĞƉĂƌĞĂŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƉůĂŶ;,WWͿŝŶĂĐĐŽƌĚĂŶĐĞǁŝƚŚƚŚĞƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐŽĨ ƚŚĞ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐWƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶZĞǀŝĞǁŽĂƌĚ;,WZͿ͕ƚŚĞŽŶŝŶŐŽŵŵŝƐƐŝŽŶ͕ĂŶĚƚŚĞDĂLJŽƌ͛ƐŐĞŶƚŽŶ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐ WƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ͘dŚŝƐŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƉůĂŶŝƐĂƌĞĐŽƌĚŽĨƚŚĞŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶĂŶĚŐƵŝĚĂŶĐĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚƚŽsDWĚƵƌŝŶŐƚŚŝƐ ĐŽŶƐƵůƚĂƟŽŶƉĞƌŝŽĚĂŶĚŝƐŝŶƚĞŶĚĞĚƚŽĂĐŚŝĞǀĞƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ͗ • EXPLAIN THE HISTORIC SIGNIFICANCEŽĨƚŚĞDĐDŝůůĂŶ^ŝƚĞ͘dŚŝƐƌĞƉŽƌƚĚŽĞƐŶŽƚŝŶĐůƵĚĞĂƌĞͲĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶ ŽĨƚŚĞƉƌŽƉĞƌƚLJ͛ƐƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶĐĞďƵƚŝŶƐƚĞĂĚƌĞůŝĞƐŽŶƚŚĞĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶŽĨƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶĐĞƉƌŽǀŝĚĞĚŝŶϭϵϴϵůĂŶĚŵĂƌŬ ŶŽŵŝŶĂƟŽŶĨŽƌŵƚŚĂƚǁĂƐĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞĚĨŽƌƚŚĞDĐDŝůůĂŶWĂƌŬZĞƐĞƌǀŽŝƌ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐ>ĂŶĚŵĂƌŬ͘dŚŝƐƌĞƉŽƌƚƐŽīĞƌƐĂ ĨƌĂŵĞǁŽƌŬĨŽƌƚŚĞĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐŝŶƚĞŐƌŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞDĐDŝůůĂŶ^ŝƚĞĂŶĚƚŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶ ƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐĨŽƌƚŚĞDĐDŝůůĂŶZĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚWƌŽũĞĐƚďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞŝĚĞŶƟĮĞĚƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶĐĞ͘ • EVALUATE THE HISTORIC INTEGRITYŽĨƚŚĞDĐDŝůůĂŶ^ŝƚĞ͘dŚĞŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐŝŶƚĞŐƌŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞ>ĂŶĚŵĂƌŬǁĂƐĞǀĂůƵĂƚĞĚ ĂƐƉĂƌƚŽĨŝƚƐůŽĐĂůůĂŶĚŵĂƌŬŶŽŵŝŶĂƟŽŶŝŶϭϵϴϵ͘ŶƵƉĚĂƚĞĚĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŝŶƚĞŐƌŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞDĐDŝůůĂŶ^ŝƚĞ͕ĂƐĂ ĚŝƐƟŶĐƚĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞ>ĂŶĚŵĂƌŬ͕ŝƐŶĞĐĞƐƐĂƌLJĨŽƌƚŚĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐĨŽƌƚŚĞ DĐDŝůůĂŶZĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚWƌŽũĞĐƚ͘ • PROVIDE GUIDANCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PRESERVATIONŽĨƚŚĞDĐDŝůůĂŶ^ŝƚĞǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞĐŽŶƚĞdžƚŽĨ ƌĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚ͘dŚĞƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐĂƌĞƐƉĞĐŝĮĐƚŽƚŚĞDĐDŝůůĂŶ^ŝƚĞĂŶĚĂƌĞŝŶƚĞŶĚĞĚƚŽŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƐƵĐĐĞƐƐĨƵů ƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJĨŽƌĂDĐDŝůůĂŶZĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚWƌŽũĞĐƚǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞŐĞŶĞƌĂůƉĂƌĂŵĞƚĞƌƐƐĞƚďLJƚŚĞĐŝƚLJ͘dŚĞ ƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐƚĂŬĞŝŶƚŽĐŽŶƐŝĚĞƌĂƟŽŶƚŚĞƐŝƚĞ͛ƐƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶĐĞĂŶĚŝŶƚĞŐƌŝƚLJĂŶĚĂƌĞďĂƐĞĚŽŶƚŚĞ^ĞĐƌĞƚĂƌLJŽĨ ƚŚĞ/ŶƚĞƌŝŽƌ͛Ɛ^ƚĂŶĚĂƌĚƐĨŽƌƚŚĞdƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚŽĨ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐWƌŽƉĞƌƟĞƐ͘'ĞŶĞƌĂůƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐĂŶĚƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞͲƐƉĞĐŝĮĐ ƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐĂƌĞŝŶĐůƵĚĞĚĂŶĚǁŝůůďĞŝŶĐŽƌƉŽƌĂƚĞĚŝŶƚŽƚŚĞƐŝƚĞƉůĂŶĨŽƌƚŚĞƌĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂƐĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞ͘ • GUIDE THE PRESERVATION-RELATED APPROVAL PROCESSESĨŽƌƚŚĞDĐDŝůůĂŶZĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚWƌŽũĞĐƚ͘ĞĐĂƵƐĞ ƚŚĞDĐDŝůůĂŶ^ŝƚĞŝƐƉĂƌƚŽĨƚŚĞůĂƌŐĞƌDĐDŝůůĂŶWĂƌŬZĞƐĞƌǀŽŝƌ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐ>ĂŶĚŵĂƌŬ͕ĂŶLJĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶŽƌĚĞŵŽůŝƟŽŶ ŽŶƚŚĞƐŝƚĞŝƐƐƵďũĞĐƚƚŽĂǀĂƌŝĞƚLJŽĨƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶͲƌĞůĂƚĞĚƌĞǀŝĞǁƐŽŶƚŚĞĨĞĚĞƌĂůĂŶĚůŽĐĂůůĞǀĞů͘dŚŝƐƌĞƉŽƌƚŝƐ ŝŶƚĞŶĚĞĚƚŽŵĞĞƚ,WZĞdžƉĞĐƚĂƟŽŶƐ͕ĂŶĚĨŽƌŵƚŚĞďĂƐŝƐĨŽƌƚŚĞŝƌĨŽƌŵĂůĂƉƉƌŽǀĂůŽĨƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶǁŽƌŬŽŶƚŚĞ ƐŝƚĞ͛ƐŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͘ dŚŝƐƌĞƉŽƌƚŝĚĞŶƟĮĞƐ͕ƐƵŵŵĂƌŝnjĞƐ͕ĂŶĚƐƵƉƉůĞŵĞŶƚƐƉƌĞǀŝŽƵƐĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶĞīŽƌƚƐ͘/ƚŝƐĚĞƐŝŐŶĞĚƚŽďĞƵƐĞĚĂƐĂ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞĂŶĚĂƚŽŽůĨŽƌsDWŝŶŝƚƐĚŝƐĐƵƐƐŝŽŶƐǁŝƚŚƚŚĞĐŝƚLJĂŶĚĐŽŵŵƵŶŝƚLJĂďŽƵƚƚŚĞĂƉƉƌŽƉƌŝĂƚĞƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚŽĨŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐ ƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐ͕ĂƐǁĞůůĂƐƚŚĞĚĞƐŝŐŶŽĨŶĞǁĐŽŶƐƚƌƵĐƟŽŶŽŶƚŚĞƐŝƚĞ͘dŚŝƐƌĞƉŽƌƚĚŽĞƐŶŽƚĂƩĞŵƉƚƚŽƌĞƉůĂĐĞŽƌĐŽƌƌĞĐƚƚŚĞ ŶƵŵĞƌŽƵƐĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶĞīŽƌƚƐĂŶĚƌĞƉŽƌƚƐƚŚĂƚŚĂǀĞĂĚĚƌĞƐƐĞĚƚŚĞDĐDŝůůĂŶ^ŝƚĞŽƌƚŚĞ>ĂŶĚŵĂƌŬŽǀĞƌƚŚĞůĂƐƚ ƚǁĞŶƚLJLJĞĂƌƐ͘ CONTENTS OF THE HISTORIC PRESERVATION PLAN dŚŝƐƌĞƉŽƌƚŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐƚŚĞĨŽůůŽǁŝŶŐ͗ ͻĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞDĐDŝůůĂŶ^ŝƚĞĂŶĚƵƉĚĂƚĞĚŝŶǀĞŶƚŽƌLJŽĨƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƚLJƉĞƐůŽĐĂƚĞĚǁŝƚŚŝŶƚŚĞƐŝƚĞ͘dŚĞŝŶǀĞŶƚŽƌLJ ŝŶĐůƵĚĞƐĂďƌŝĞĨĚĞƐĐƌŝƉƟŽŶŽĨĞĂĐŚƚLJƉĞ͕ĂƐŝƚĞŬĞLJ͕ŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐŝŵĂŐĞƐ͕ĂŶĚĐƵƌƌĞŶƚŝŵĂŐĞƐ͘ŵŽƌĞĐŽŵƉƌĞŚĞŶƐŝǀĞ ĂŶĚĚĞƚĂŝůĞĚŝŶǀĞŶƚŽƌLJǁĂƐĐŽŶĚƵĐƚĞĚďLJŶŐŝŶĞĞƌŝŶŐ^ĐŝĞŶĐĞ͕ŝŶϭϵϵϬ͕ĂƐƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚďLJ^ĞĐƟŽŶϭϬϲ͘dŚĞϭϵϵϬ ŝŶǀĞŶƚŽƌLJƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐƚŚŽƌŽƵŐŚĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶŽĨĂůůŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐƌĞƐŽƵƌĐĞƐŽŶƚŚĞƐŝƚĞĂŶĚŝƐŵĂŝŶƚĂŝŶĞĚĂƐĂƉƵďůŝĐ ƌĞĐŽƌĚĂƚƚŚĞŝƐƚƌŝĐƚŽĨŽůƵŵďŝĂ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐWƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶKĸĐĞ͖ ͻƐƵŵŵĂƌLJĂŶĚĞdžƉĂŶƐŝŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŚŝƐƚŽƌLJĂŶĚƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞ>ĂŶĚŵĂƌŬĂŶĚĂŶĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐ ƐŝŐŶŝĮĐĂŶĐĞŽĨƚŚĞDĐDŝůůĂŶ^ŝƚĞ͘ DĐDŝůůĂŶ^ĂŶĚ&ŝůƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ŝƚĞͮ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐWƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ EHT Traceries May 2016 Page | 4 Figure 1 McMillan Site Boundary Map, 2010. Google, Inc. prepared by EHT Traceries. DĐDŝůůĂŶ^ĂŶĚ&ŝůƚƌĂƟŽŶ^ŝƚĞͮ,ŝƐƚŽƌŝĐWƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶWůĂŶ EHT Traceries May 2016 Page | 5 ͻŶĞǀĂůƵĂƟŽŶŽĨƚŚĞŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐŝŶƚĞŐƌŝƚLJŽĨƚŚĞDĐDŝůůĂŶ^ŝƚĞ͘ ͻƐƵŵŵĂƌLJŽĨŚŝƐƚŽƌŝĐƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶĐŽŵƉůŝĂŶĐĞƌĞƋƵŝƌĞŵĞŶƚƐĂƉƉůŝĐĂďůĞƚŽƚŚĞƌĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞDĐDŝůůĂŶ ^ŝƚĞ͖ ͻWƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƌĞĐŽŵŵĞŶĚĂƟŽŶƐĨŽƌƚŚĞƚƌĞĂƚŵĞŶƚŽĨƚŚĞDĐDŝůůĂŶ^ŝƚĞƚŽŝŶĨŽƌŵƚŚĞƉƌĞƐĞƌǀĂƟŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJĨŽƌ ƚŚĞƉƌŽƉŽƐĞĚƌĞĚĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĞīŽƌƚƐ͖ ͻƉƉĞŶĚŝĐĞƐ͗ƉƉĞŶĚŝĐĞƐƚŚĂƚƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐĞůĞĐƚĞĚƉůĂŶƐ͕ƉŚŽƚŽŐƌĂƉŚƐ͕ĂŶĚŽƚŚĞƌĚŽĐƵŵĞŶƚĂƟŽŶĐŽůůĞĐƚĞĚĂƐƉĂƌƚŽĨ ƚŚĞƌĞƐĞĂƌĐŚĞīŽƌƚĨŽƌƚŚŝƐƌĞƉŽƌƚ͘ PROJECT PURPOSE Figure 2 Bowen & Co. Map of the Washington Aqueduct, 1864. 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