A SURVEY OF A SURVEY OF RACE RELATIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA Compiled by MURIEL HORRELL DUDLEY HORNER JANE HUDSON Research staff South African Institute of Race Relations ISBN 0 86982 103 2 I © SOUTH AFRICAN INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS 0. BOX 97 JOHANNESBURG JANUARY 1975 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Once again, Dr. Ellen Hellmann has given generous and constructive help to the writers of this Survey by reading their manuscripts with meticulous care, suggesting improvements and giving valued advice and encouragement. Mrs. Ann Honeywill has once more given friendly and reliable assistance by checking the proofs. Their warmhearted and dependable support is very deeply appreciated. Grateful thanks are expressed to Mr. Jeremy Grest, who contributed parts of the manuscript, and to Mrs. Jane Hudson, who besides writing the sections on recreation and sport, was of great help to the Research Officerin anumberof ways. Sincere gratitude is due, too, to those who contributed information or commented on parts of the manuscript: they included Mrs. Marjorie Britten, the Rev. Brian Brown, Mrs. Brenda Israel, the Rev. John Rees, and Mrs. Jean Sinclair. Information was obtained, too, with the help of Members of Parliament of various parties, government and municipal officials, universities and other educational' institutions, the Black Sash, the National Council of Women of S.A., the S.A. Medical and Dental Council, and the S.A. Nursing Council. As in previous years, much help was given by the Institute's library, publications, and administrative staff. Especial thanks are given to Mrs. Connie Matthews and Mrs. Renata Walker, who kept the Press cuttings and worked extremely hard and patiently to have the typing done in time. The writers are appreciative, too, of the co-operation given by the printers, The Natal Witness (Pty) Ltd. NOTE This Survey is stated to be for the year 1974. As it was wished to have it published early in the new year, however, it was impossible to include mention of events that took place during the last few weeks of the year. This will be done in the next issue. All dates mentioned refer to the year 1974 unless otherwise stated. Printed by THE NATAL WITNESS (PTY) LTD 244 Longmarket Street, Pietermaritzburg, Natal. ii CONTENTS Page POLITICAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENTS-THE WHITE POPULATION GROUP Sessions of Parliament and of Provincial Councils ........ Racial policies of political parties contesting the general election: National Party (1), United Party (2), Progressive Party (4), Herstigte Nasionale Party (5), Democratic Party (5), Smaller groups (6) Results of the elections: House ofAssembly (6), Provincial Councils (7), The Senate (8) Party political events since the elections: National Party (8), United Party (9), Progressive Party (11 ) Verligte Action ......... ....................... 12 THE COLOURED POPULATION GROUP Views of the major Coloured political parties as expressed early in the year ......... .......................... ..13 Proceedings of the session of the Coloured Persons' Representative Council held in July ... ................... 13 Opinions expressed by members of the Government ......... ..16 Meeting of the Prime Minister and representatives of the Coloured opposition parties ....... .................... ..17 Offer made by Sir De Villiers Graaff ...... .............. 18 Meeting of the Prime Minister and an all-party Coloured delegation 18 Term of office of the C.R.C. ..... .................. ..19 The Prime Minister's proposals for the future ... .......... ..20 Session of the Council held in November ..... ............ 20 Budget of the C.R.C. ...... ..................... ..20 The Theron Commission ........ ................... 21 THE INDIAN GROUP .................................. ...21 POLITICAL AFFAIRS OF AFRICANS Meeting of homeland leaders with the Prime Minister ......... 22 Black People's Convention ...... .................. .24 COMMISSION OF INQUIRY INTO CERTAIN ORGANISATIONS AND RELATED MATTERS The background ...................... 25 Affected Organizations Act, No. 31 of 1974 ... ........... .25 The Schlebusch Commission's Final Report on Nusas ...... 31 The Commission's Report on the Institute of Race Relations . 36 Further reports by the Cominission ................... .39 Trials of persons who had refused to testify before the Commission 39 Trials of persons connected with Ravan Press ... ........... ..42 ORGANIZATIONS CONCERNED WITH RACE RELATIONS World Council of Churches ...... .................. ..43 All Africa Conference of Churches ................... .44 S.A. Council of Churches: General matters (45), Resolution on injustice in the S.A. society (46) Christian League of Southern Africa ...... .............. 48 iv A SURVEY OF RACE RELATIONS, 1974 Page Reformed Ecumenical Synod and Dutch Reformed Churches 49 African Independent Churches ..... ................ .49 S.A. Institute of Race Relations ..... ................ ..50 Women's Organizations ........ ................... ..50 THE POPULATION OF SOUTH AFRICA Size and distribution ....... ..................... .52 Families ......... .......................... .52 Religion ......... .......................... .53 Immigration ................................. .53 Vital statistics ........ ........................ .54 Illegitimacy ......... ........................ ..54 Immorality and mixed marriages ..... ............... .55 Population registration ....... .................... .55 MEASIRES FOR SECURITY AND THE CONTROL OF PERSONS Votes for Security, Defence, and Police .................. 56 Employment of Blacks in the Defence Force ............. .56 Defence of the borders .... .................... 57 Defence Further Amendment Act, No. 83 of 1974 .......... .57 Riotous Assemblies Amendment Act, No. 30 of 1974 ........ ..62 Gatherings that have been prohibited .... ............. ..65 Restriction orders on persons ...... ................. .66 Banning orders that may be imposed by homeland governments 69 Banishment order ......... ...................... 70 Removal orders in the Transkei ....... ................ 70 Travel documents .................................... 70 Prohibition of fomenting inter-group hostility ... .......... ..71 CONTROL OF MEDIA OF COMMUNICATION Action taken by the Publications Control Board .. ......... ..72 Publications Act, No. 42 of 1974 ..... ................ .73 Amended Press Code of Conduct ...............81 Draft Official Secrets Amendment Bill .... ............. ..83 JUSTICE Contraventions of the law ...... .................. .84 Criminal statistics ......... ...................... 84 Death sentences ........ ...................... .85 Prisoners hired out as farm labourers ...... .............. 86 Prison education ......... ...................... 86 Assaults on prisoners ....................86 Crime in Soweto, Johannesburg ..... ................ ..87 Conduct of the police ....... .................... .88 Detention and trials under the Security Laws ............... 90 Legal aid ......... .......................... ..92 Prevention of crime ....... ..................... ..93 LIBERATION MOVEMENTS Aid received from abroad ...... .................. 94 Rhodesia: Attacks on White civilians ...................... 95 CONTENTS Page Attacks on Africans ........ ................... 95 Fortified villages ............................. 96 Rewards offered for assisting the authorities ............ 96 Casualties in action ....... ................... .97 Trials of men who were captured .................. .97 Party politics in Rhodesia ...................... ..97 S.A. Police serving on the border .... ............. .98 Political events in Portugal: The old regime ....... ..................... ..98 Abortive revolt ..... ..................... 99 Take-over of government by a military junta ............ 100 Appointment of a provisional government ............ .100 Events in Mozambique: Fighting prior to the coup on 25 April ................ 101 Repercussions of the coup ..... ................ .103 Initial consideration of the future of the African territories . 104 Intensified military action by Frelimo ................ 106 Negotiations for a settlement .... ............... ..108 Agreement reached between Portugal and Frelimo ....... .109 Reactions and rioting in Mozambique ............... .110 Situation in Beira ........ .................... 11 Refugees from Mozambique ..... ............... .112 The new regime in Mozambique .... .............. .112 Foreign policy ....... ..................... .113 Events in Angola ........ ...................... 113 Events in Guinea-Bissau ...... ................... .116 FOREIGN AFFAIRS General ........... .......................... 118 The United Nations ....... ..................... .118 Nato .......... ........................... 121 International Monetary Fund ..... ................. .122 World Council of Churches ...... .................. 122 Other international bodies ...... .................. .123 Africa: General (123), The Organization of African Unity (126), Lesotho (127), Swaziland (129), Botswana (130), Rhodesia (132), Zambia (133), Malawi (134), Mozambique and Angola (135), Nigeria (138), Seychelles (139) Europe: United Kingdom (139), France (141), The Netherlands (141), Federal Republic of Germany (142), Portugal (143), Norway (143), Sweden (143), Trade with other European countries (143) Australasia: Australia (144), New Zealand (144) The Middle East: Israel (145), Jordan (145), Lebanon (145), Other Arab States (145) Asia: Japan (145), India (147), Iran (147), Hong Kong (147) America: The United