U1IJT RESUPE EU 1J3 199 021 775 dacon Eenneth Char TITLE Extragalactic Astronomy: The U nivcre Bey nd Our Galaxy. American Astronomical Society, Princeton, N.J. SFONS AGENCY National Aeronautics and Space Administra ashingtonl D.C.; National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. REPOBT NO NASA-i:T-129 PUB DATE Sep 76 NOTE 44p.; FOF ltEd aocunents, _e SE 021 773-776 AVAII,AULE Superintendent of Documents, U.S. G-vernment Prin ing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402(5 ock Number 033-000-00657-8, $1.30) E.-RS PE10E 1F-$0.03 HC-$2.06 Plus Postige. DESCilIPTORS *Astronomy; Curriculum; *Instructional Materials; Science Education; *Scientific iesearch; Secondary Education; *Secondary School Science; *Space Sciences TIF NASA; National Aeronautics and Space Administration BSTRACT This booklet is part of an American Astronomical Society curriculum project designed to provide teaching materials to teachers or secondary school chemistry, physics, and earth science. The material is presented in three parts: one section provides the fundamental content of extragalactic astronomy, another section discusses modern discoveries in detail, and the last section summarizes the earlier discussions within the structure of the Big Bang Theory of Evolution. Each of the three sections is followed by student exercises and activities, laboratory projects, and questions and answers. The glossary contains unfamiliar terms used in the text and a collection of teacher aids such as literature references and audiovisual materials. (111) ***** *** * ** ** ***************** ********** Document., acquired by IC include many informal unpublished aterials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and tbis affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDES is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproductions * '31c supplied by EDIRS are the best that can be made from the original. ************* ******************************************************* NVO . SS'S `( 's ' N 'AA , os, "5%, 4. k ; 4 Jr t 5' . 't 'A. f'F) EXTRAGALACTIC ASTRONOMY: The Universe Beyond Our Galaxy (.1 ctiiruluni prniect 01 dn A ihmuc:o S jllLIiIIL(! with I IR; cocii sration ut the iorki iin iul i tint ,Aki in ntit nitiun and the N:_ttional S(icno,I tuitni iti Kt21111et (11iITIOS .1i1C0 Leander NIL. Ohst2rvatory,)nivoi,ily of Virginia irk) ttcsville, Virginia Nntional Aeronautics and Ad Ministrat ion Washington, IX:2.0540 lubcr 1976 For sale by the Superintendent of floeurnenn, rnrnent Printing Mee Washington. D.C. 20402 - Price 11.30 Stock No, 033-03-00657-15/Caltlog No. NAS 1,19:129 PREFACE In the pest half ,,aelatirv ast To homers have provided mankind with a new view of die !,:.11111psvs NW !Wilke of infinityin(1 eternity that beggar the imagination, Particularb,, inthe past decade,N AM's otbiling sii:cciithatiwellas groond-hased ,istrovonly have brought io flIall'!s anvil tinn hodycniv hodivs. siollruCk. ()IL'ilervy. stellar and galactic phenoniew. ;hoot the lid lure of whieh the %Vol-'S ',;(101 ish, cm) only surnike. Loicai., a, h.,se asnonoricts look to I Spa telescope to provide improved understanding of Mese phenomenais\veil as he ne secrts of the cosmos vlueli they ex pect it to 1111VeiL 'this instrument, which can ohseive obiecis to 30 to I (R) t Mies lain ter thai lthose accessible to Iic' most powerful Varth-based telescopes using similar tec lung nes, %yin extend the use of varims astronomical methods to inuch greater distances. It is not impossible tha t observations wit h this telescope will provide glimpses of sOrne (1the earliest galaxies which were formed,tiidthereisa rcic(er possibility that it will tell us something about the edge of the universe. rho rese relies or the past 10 years, plus the possibility more fundamental discoveries in the nest decade, are fascinating laymen and firing the imagination ofyou lb. NASA's inquiries tutupith1 Iinterest in the space program show that a major source of such interest is siehla'1 nI p alHet iv astronomy. NASA's enabling Act, the Space Act of I 958, lists a primary purpose or NASA, "the expansion of !Hunan knowledge of phenomena in the atmosphere and spaco": the Act requires of NASA that"itprovide forthe widest practicable and appropriate dissemination of in formation co leaning its activities and the results of those aet In the light of thIlIOVe, NASA is pu Wishing for science teachers, particularly teachers secondary se hood eluern istry, physics, and Earth science., the following four booklets ared by the American Ast ro nom ical Society ( A AS) With the coopera(ion of NASA: The Superuo /IS Whit Spec taely,by 1)r, W. C. Straka, Departmentf Physics, Jackson State University, Jackson, Mississippi irugalactie :istr(!1101,11', . nurGaktvi. by Dr. Kenneth C. Jacobs,Dopiirt wentof Astronomy,UniversityofVirginia,Charlottesville, Virginia Chemistry Beilvecntlie Stars- RichardII. Gam! N tioria Ilud io Astronomy Observatory, Marlottesville, Virginia Irt ..1.vi1onrwil'by Dr, Paul A. J3iaimcli aid,Fhieoret i I Studies Group, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland The Natkinal Science Foundation has co( perated in this project by funding for the AAS a fligh School Astronomy Education Workshop in June 1974 at the University of Richmond in order to give the manuscripts athorough pedagogic review in terms of curricular relevance and classroom use. The resulting publications provide exciting accounts of recent discoveries inthe cosmos, and of the nature of the scientific thought and techniques by which scientists are trying to understand these discoveries. UI 4 ' apple Ain :111111in,-, ;1'1(1 10 lh(. 01,11111cl' nI Ilt A AS Fa-,1., Groin) inIIiiiI'tii ASItIitiii II( dA i,wli()Nti tnI liii Ilil;10(1 en(' ;irriodhit pi ((pit:1 ,= 111111)1(.1100. 1)7. I irl RllI.ii Iyio ( ;eiril . I /ile,.1() I 111e risk 11.111,1,1riiiin, Ini(.1its. (,1 I dor.;(10. .v11() ,(eiv't1is Iiircetor (11 the pr((jecl: I)r. 1)(nial sli()11()Iny 01. ()I 1)1(9(.(1: I)r. II, 111',1'1' I.1)111'('Inr.IliScience 1\firsoiln) ()I N:111,1111:1 antl Cliditnion ()I' flit. VA, V, I iti ,..1`11., ;is, \V( II,:-;11()ii Peloct ;111i1I It'1111111 ;Illirl, tivc ()nicer Aincric,in A110n(nilical 10 (hoist. .'ere And i() Ilkis \(,(110(..,c m(11'01)(111 :111(1 11111111111)1 Illeilece,(5;11-",cienlilik.. and ,nii-.1,1,(1 (Lin% N k, A ortc( !AI wri I ti( wnee(ninth kin t It iipi)(111 ()I lhii\\'()rksh 0, ilk.I in ivcrntI kilchniond [or (. ni (Ivil ;Intl el licicinirvittis In)si I (1 Vimkshop. itidIitht., NASA (;(41(hr(1 S),n,NI 111)111. imr ,iy.,istantA, in nidking pos,d1)1e 01 (Ins prink:Ct. I cchnicalN1onii0rhittk projoLA '.`.:,1110, \V. Ihcs, Starr As1r( .1strtiphy,(ic5 Divkion. ()IfikAi ol'Spoet: Sdeln:e. NASA. C(R)rdin.Ators 01 the projectwore I)r. Nancy G. 1((nilml, hier,*\,ar(ni(miv/12(ilativiIv. ()Ifie(i ui Spdvo Scionco, NASA, and 1)r, Isrt..ider!ek I.Funk% Dirkiel0r, I:due:0101LO Prow-dills I).vis.tin, 'Jo..()I'Publie Affairs, NASA. Asioing iiiilii ins ivIironient in hill' 1074, wati N1r. NIvr1 II. Ahren(II,Instruction:11 Nlaicriak ()nicer, I'Llin:,iiikln,111'uoi:!.1%iills 1(.1)11 r I 7h Na ionaI hiu ties Anil Space AdnlinisIral W(Ishinglon,. Iv SCIENCE AND CURRICULUM ADVISORS TO THE PROJECT Hiqh School Astrnnoriy Education VIJorkshoi: sho p Faculty and Administration: In, roil II. RIvoilpenhergei, .1r,. 1)irector, MUSLIMit- Virginia. Rielim n 1 Virginia. NIP) codNI.Ilety, mIntrgh al thin, 1oellestei\ItjLuIu and SCICI "enter, Rochester. New Yor Pr. Richard A, 'r tr Homer, pace:wilco Centor.Inivorsity or I( Rochester, York, Dr. (ladeI ). Smith, Astro!mei-, Science Mu!, quo or Virginia, Riehn t_ Virginia. 1)r. Gerrit L. Vorschnu. iNsrofl Fiskc Planerariuni. University or rad() Colorado. 1)r. 1)ona Wen .1. Astro Inor, University of Iv aryland, (icllcgc Park 1dryland Workshop Participants: Joseph II. Bean. Jihoes Madison Jr, Iligh SliiI, _oanoke. Nirs, Jeanne T, 13ishop, Westlake High and Parksidc Juni(r High S hool, Wes lakeAlio. Mrs. Amy Catherine Clark, Jarnos Madison High School, Vienna, Virginia, U. Davis, NV shiirii.Iool,cc I high School, Arlingt on, Virginia, Filniund Thomas DeJulio, ilavorling rid School, Bath, New Yu Le 11; ti R, Terence, (hn tiona High School, Newark, ()craw:are. Jai Geoohegan, 'thomas Jefferson f ligh School, Richmond,. ViIgirl ia. Dr. Fr Giessow, MaryitiEut o, St. Louis. Nlissouri. , Patton I LmunwidI II,I lit Idcii Valley I nermetliate School, Roano Dr. Darrell B. Hof, University oF Northorn Iowa, (odor Falls., Iowa, JOIN J. Inthik, Fairfield Middle School, Richmond, Virginia, John NN. Kritzur. Tdis n High Sehool, Alexandria, Virginia Dr, 1)on If. Lucas, Wood ward-Clydc Consultants. Atlanta, C;eorgia, J Lusardi, Wu dhridge Senior Iligh SL loot Woodbridge Virginia. 6 Dr, M. L. Nleeks, Ilnystack hsirvaiorv, We, ford,lassicI1nset Mrs. Ilek It K IMoncure, nos McKean I ligh School, Wilmington, Delaware. Joseph 13. Pahl ird. Howard Middle School, Alexan ria. Virginia. David 13. Pinckney, Mon toursville Area lligh Sell() Mt Wintry/die,PciuyIvuiii Eugene W.Skinner, Ftiirfax ( minty Public Schools Alexandria, Virltinia, Steven F. Smith, Arlington Puhlic Schools Planetarium, Arlington Virginia. Norman Sperling, Pt incett n Day School, Princeton, New .torsey, Robcrt Harper PIallelarillmn, Atlanta, Georgia. Chris (Vaga I1C)S, Hay hell Se ondary Sctiiiol. Alexandria, Virginia. Dennis F. Wyman, Jay's Iligli School, Mechanicille, Virginia. Lirvey W, Wynn, Wok fiekl High School, Arlington, Virginin. \lit:lute! /uhik I LJiitvrsitof New Mexico Allnunierouc, New 1 OTHER ADVISORS TO THE PROJECT Pvter A. WelshValley Junior I figh School, Narberth, Pennsylvania, Paxton K. hLick, 13r)kltinI Middle School, Richmond, I 1enry J.