V\i ascr>- J ^ *—^ifft* Wr uiji^ g3 n^ CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Cornell University Library DS 665.W91N8 The non-Christian tribes of Northern L^^^^^ 3 1924 023 497 344 «m DATE DUE llfl^^ ntimD ^ ^ ftov4 eitmn^ WHSFHPS^^^E^ ^Mt JIBB±£ -WO OCT?l-^ M¥ ?^ jVI^YJ-^ ;gfi9-^fr^U^ ""^^^*'**"toOI ,iW^*=^ AMUJL1983 CAYLORD PRINTEOINU.S.A. " Cornell University Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924023497344 THE PHILIPPINE iauSMLOF Science THE PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE. During the coining year a series of articles on ethnological and ethno- graphical subjects will appear in the Philippine Journal of Science. The first article of this series appears in this number of the Journal. The following additional papers will certainly be available: 1. The Non-Christian Tribes'of Southern Luzon, with Map Show- ing Distribution of Non-Christian Tribes throughout the Entire Island of Luzon; by Dean C. Worcester. 2. The Tagbanua and Mangyan Alphabets; by Dr. T. H. Pardo de Tavera. 3. The Subanos of the Zamboangan Peninsula; by Edwin B. Christie. 4. Primitive Philippine Fire-Making Apparatus; by Dean C. Worcester. This entire series of ethnological and ethnographical papers will be of fundamental importance to all who are interested in the peoples of the Philippine Islands. 3. BusAos. Habitat: The northern paTt of Tilas Cordillera, Tiagan, the northern half of Lepanto and Bontoc on the northern waters of the Rio Cagayan. 4. Altasanes and Ilimutes. Habitat : Nueva Vizcaya. 46941 791 y : THE PHILIPPINE Journal of Science Vol. I OCTOBER, 1906 No. 8 THE NON-CHRISTIAN TRIBES OF NORTHERN LUZON. By Dean C. Worcbsteb. [From the office of the Secretary of the Interior, Manila, P. I.) INTRODUCTION. In this article the words "Northern Luzon" are used to designate that portion of the island lying north of a line drawn due east from the city of Manila to the Pacific coast. Great confusion exists as to the classification and geographical dis- tribution of the non-Christian tribes inhabiting this area. It would be impracticable, within the limits of a brief article, to discuss all of the different classifications which have heretofore been proposed and I shall confine myself to three of the latest and most authoritative. In 1883 Prof. Ferdinand Blumentritt published his "Versuch einer Ethnographic der Philippinen," in which he recognizes one race and tribe, the Negritos, and a second race, the Malays, which he subdivides into twenty-three tribes. His classification by tribes stands as follows 1. The Negkitos. Habitat : Principe, Isabela, Cagayan, North and South Ilokoa, Abra, Pan- gasinan, Zambales, and Bataan. 2. Igoeeotes. Habitat: Benguet, Lepanto, including the district of Tiagan and Bontoc. 3. BusAos. Habitat: The northern patt of Tilas Cordillera, Tiagan, the northern half of Lepanto and Bontoc on the northern waters of the Kio Cagayan. 4. Altasanes and Ilimutes. Habitat : Nueva Vizeaya. 46941 791 ' 792 5. BUJUANOS. Eabiiut: Isabela. 6. Panuipuyes. Habitat: Nueva Vizcaya and Isabela. "Perchance only a branch of the Mayoyaos." 7. ISINATS. Eaiitat: The middle course of the Agno River. 8. Ibilaos. Habitat: The region extending from the border line between Nueva Vizcaya and Nueva Ecija to the vicinity of Baliran. 9. Ilongotes. Habitat: Nueva Vizcaya, Isabela, Principe and northern Nueva Ecija. 10. Mayotaos; also called Quianganes, Pungianes, and Silipanes. Habitat : Southern and eastern Bontoc and northern Nueva Vizcaya. 11. Ifugaos. Habitat : Left bank of the Magat River to the south and southwest from Fural between Mayoyao and Camarga in Nueva Vizcaya. 12. Gaddanes. (A considerable number of this tribe christianized.) Habitat: The region between the Magat River and the Rio Chico. 13. Itetapanes. Habitat: The territory to the east of the Busaos and the west of the Gaddanes. 14. GUYMANES (QuYMANES, QUIAMANES). Habitat : Territory north of the Busao Igorots, especially the eastern slopes of the Cordillera which separates the Province of Abra from Cagayan; the right bank of the Abra River to the left of the Pusulgan River marks the western limits reached by them. 15. Calaus or Itavbs. Habitat : Western Cagayan from Piat and Tuao on the south to Malaueg on the north. 16. Gamunanges and Bayabonanes. Habitat: Mountains east and north of Tuao, Province of Cagayan; may be a branch of the Dadayags. 17. Dadayags. Habitat: Left bank of the middle portion of the Rio Grande, Province of Cagayan, extending into the heights near Cabagan. 18. Nabayuganes. Habitat: Region to the west of Malaueg on one of the northern. affluents of the Rio Chico, Province of Cagayan. 19. Abipas. Habitat: Region between the Nagsiping and Tubang to the south of the union of the Rio Grande and Rio Chico, Province of Cagayan; also the southern part of the mountain range which forms the watershed between the Rio Grande de Cagayan and the Rio Apayao. 20. Caljnqas. Habitat: Tlio mountuins where the Aripas dwell and farther north. ' Blumentritt: cincr Vvmuvh Ethiwgraphic dcr Philippincii (1882), 32. : : 793 21. TiKGUiANES (Itanegas, TinGgtanes, Tinques). Habitat: From Ciiiidon in llokos Sur to Mount Pacsan on the bolder line between Cagayan and llolios Sur; also extending sovitli to the neighborhood of Santa Cruz and Namacpacan, so that they inhabit the Provinces of llokos Sur, Abra, and llokos Norte. 22. Apayaos. Habitat: ^'alley of the Apayao River and northern portion of eastern slope of the movintain chain which separates the Province of Cagayan from llokos Norte, extending south to Malaueg. 23. Catalanganes. Habitat: Catalaligan River, one of the right branches of the Rio Grande, in the Province of Isabela. 24. Ibayas. Habitat : The region to the south of the Gatalanganes, chiefly on the west side of the Cordillera of Palanan. In 1890 Professor Bliifnentritt published his "Alphabetisches Ver- zeichniss der eingeborenen Stamme der Philippinen imd der vor ihnen gesprochenen Spraehen." This list differs from that published in 1883 in the following particulars The AUasanes and slliinut are given as separate tribes, as are the Baydbonanes and the Silipanes, while the following tribes not mentioned in his first list are added Abunlon. Habitat: Mountains of Zambales. BUNGANANES. Habitat: Isabela and Nueva Vizcaya. Ifumangies. Habitat: Nueva Vizcaya. Ilamut. Habitat: Vicinity of Quiangan, Nueva Vizcaya. Ileabanes. Habitat: Nueva Vizcaya. Italones. Habitat: Mountains of Nueva Vizcayjt. JUMANGIS. Habitat: Central (?) Luzon. PUNGIANES. Habitat: Not given. The total number of tribes recognized by Professor Blumentritt is thus raised to thirty-six. In 1899 a number of priests of the Jesuit mission of Manila col- laborated to produce, for the use of the first Philippine Commission, a very full account of the Philippine Islands, their resources, and their people.- = Published in Report of the Philippine Commission (1900), 3, 333-412. 794 They recognized three races^ the Negrito, the Indonesian, and the Malay, of which only the Negrito and the Malay were believed by them to be represented in northern Luzon. The Malay race they divided into three subraces—the Malay-Negritos, the Malay-Chinese, and the Malay- Mohammedans. In order to facilitate comparison, I give these two lists in tabulated form: Name oi tribe. 795 Name of tribe. : : 796 as a body politic is unknown in this Archipelago. The Malayan has never by his own effort achieved so important a political organization. Such great and effective confederacies, as we find among the North American Indians are far beyond the capacity of the Filipino of any grade. For example, among the powerful and numerous Igorot of northern Luzon the sole political body is in the independent community. * * * Errors in nomenclature prevail everywhere in the Islands. Sometimes three or four different terms have been applied by different localities or towns to identical peoples, and all these designations have gone to swell the reputed number of Philippine tribes. Thus Blumentritt credits fully eighty-two such distinct tribes; the Jesuits, who have been diligent collectors of information here, as everywhere, report sixty-seven tribes, and the enumerators for the census turned in on their schedules a total of about one hundred and sixteen different or differing titles, which had to be explained and reduced to system. Dr. Barrows, in his history, adopts the following classifications for the tribes of northern Luzon NEGRITO RACE. Tribe, Negritos. (Synonyms: Ita, Eta, Agta, Baluoa, Dumagat, Abtjnlon. ) Babitat: Cagayan, Isabela, Ilokos Norte, Abra, Nueva Vizcaya, Tayabas (Principe and Infanta), Nueva Ecija, Bulacan, Rizal, Pangasinan, Tarlac, Zanibales, Pampanga, and Bataan. MALAY RACE. Tribe, Iqokot. Habitat: The Cordillera Central from the extreme north of Luzon to the plains of Pangasinan and Nueva Ecija. Under Igorot, he employs various dialect group designations such as the Qaddang, Dadayag, and Mayoyao, said to be divided solely by slight differences of dialect. He states that the exact number of these groups has not thoroughly been worked out, but that he has personally studied and collected vocabularies of twelve and believes that this number includes all except minor variations and one branch in the extreme north of the Cordillera, called Apayaos. This last people, he says, is on both slopes of the Cordillera, but far more numerous on the Cagayan side. Eeferring further to these dialect groups of people, he mentions the following Dadayaq. Habitat: The head waters of the Rio Chieo de Cagayan in Itaves district, Cagayan Province, where they occupy the low foothills of the Cordillera Central. Gaddang. Habitat: The region farther south, along the same foothills as the Da- dayag, extending through Isabela.. Kalinqa. Habitat: The region east of the Dadayag and Gaddang. Banaos. Habitat: The region midway between Balbalasan and Labuangan as well as the Saltan River valley, all in the Province of Bontoc. They are regarded by Dr. Barrows as the prototype of the present more civilized Tingian : 797 Bunnayan.