Commonly Used Acronyms A Amperes AC Alternating Current CLA Carry Look-ahead Adder A/D Analog to Digital CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semicon- ADC Analog to Digital Converter ductor AE Applications Engineer CP/M Control Program / Monitor AI Artificial Intelligence CPI Clocks Per Instruction ALU Arithmetic-Logic Unit CPLD Complex Programmable Logic Device AM Amplitude Modulation CPU Central Processing Unit AMD Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. CR Carriage Return ANSI American National Standards Institute CRC Cyclic Redundancy Code ARQ Automatic Retransmission reQuest CRQ Command Response Queue ASCII American Standard Code for Information CRT Cathode Ray Tube Interchange CS Chip Select / Check-Sum ASEE American Society for Engineering Educa- CSMA Carrier Sense Multiple-Access tion CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple-Access with Colli- ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit sion Detect ASPI Advanced SCSI Programming Interface CSR Command Status Register ATDM Asynchronous Time Division Multiplexing CTS Clear To Send ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode AUI Attached Unit Interface D Dissipation Factor D/A Digital to Analog B Magnetic Flux DAC Digital to Analog Converter BBS Bulletin Board System DAT Digital Audio Tape BCC Block Check Character dB (DB) deciBels BCD Binary Coded Decimal dBm dB referenced to 1 milliWatt BiCMOS Bipolar Complementary Metal-Oxide Semi- DC Direct Current conductor DCD Data Carrier Detect BIOS Basic Input / Output System DCE Data Circuit (Channel) Equipment BNC Bayonet Nut(?) Connector DD Double Density BPS/bps Bytes/bits Per Second DDD Direct Distance Dialing BSC Binary Synchronous Communications DEC Digital Equipment Corporation BSD Berkeley Standard Distribution DES Data Encryption Standard DID Direct Inward Dial C Capacitance DIN Deutsche Industrie Norm CAD Computer Aided Design DIP Dual-In-line Package CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing DMA Direct Memory Access CAM Content Addressable Memory DOS Disk Operating System CAS Column Address Strobe DPDT Double-Pole Double-Throw (switch) CBX Common Branch eXtender DPE Data Parity Error CCD Charge Coupled Device DPSK Differential Phase Shift Keying CCITT Consultative Committee of International DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory Telephony and Telegraphy DS Double Sided CD Carrier Detect DSP Digital Signal Processor CDDI Copper Distributed Data Interface DSR Data Set Ready CDROM Compact Disk Read Only Memory DTC Data Terminal Controller CDMA Code Division Multiple Access DTE Data Terminal (Terminating) Equipment CGA Color Graphics Adapter DTMF Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency CISC Complex Instruction-Set Computer DTR Data Terminal Ready DVD Digital Video Disk GAs Gallium Arsenide GFLOPS Billions (10^9) of FLOating Point Opera- tions Per Second ("Giga-Flops") GHz Giga Hertz GNU Gnu's Not Unix GPIB General Purpose Interface Bus E EMF GUI Graphical User Interface EBCDIC Extended Binary Coded Decimal Inter- H Henries change Code H Magnetic Force ECC Error Correction Code HD High Density ECL Emitter-Coupled Logic HDD Hard Disk Drive ECN Engineering Change Notice HDX Half-Duplex Transmission ECO Engineering Change Order HFS Hierarchical File System ECR Engineering Change Request HP Hewlett-Packard EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read- I Current Only Memory HPIB Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus EGA Enhanced Graphics Adapter I/O Input / Output EIA Electronic Industries Association IBM International Business Machines Corp. EISA Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture IC Integrated Circuit EMI Electro-Magnetic Interference IDC Insulation Displacement Connector EMF Electro-Motive Force IDE Integrated Device Electronics EMS Expanded Memory Specification IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers EOF End Of File IMP Interface Message Processor EOL End Of Line IP Internet Protocol EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memo- IPC InterProcess Communication ry IRQ Interrupt ReQuest ESD Electro-Static Discharge ISA Industry Standard Architecture ESDI Enhanced Small Devices Interface ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network F Farads ISO International Standards Organization FAT File Allocation Table ISP ISP Internet Service Provider FCC Federal Communications Commission FDD Floppy Disk Drive J Joules of energy FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface K Kilo FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing KVA Kilo Volt-Amps FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access LAN Local Area Network FDX Full-Duplex Transmission LAP Link Access Protocol FE Front End LAPB Link Access Protocol Balanced FEP Front End Processor LCD Liquid Crystal Display FF Form Feed LED Light Emitting Diode FF Flip-Flop LF Line Feed FFT Fast Fourier Transform LIFO Last In First Out FIFO First-In First-Out LSB Least Significant Bit (or Byte) FILO First-In Last-Out LSI Large Scale Integration FLOPS Floating-point Operations Per Second LUN Logical Unit Number FM Frequency Modulation FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array M Mega FPU Floating Point Unit m milli FRU Field-Replaceable Unit MAN Metropolitan Area Network FSK Frequency Shifty Keying MB Mega Bytes FTP File Transfer Program MBR Master Boot Record MCA Micro Channel Architecture G Giga MCGA Multi-Color Graphics Array MCM Multi-Chip Module PIA Peripheral Interface Adapter mfd micro Farads PIC Programmable Interrupt Controller MFLOPS Millions of FLOating Point Operations PIO Programmed Input/Output per Second ("MegaFlops") PLCC Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier MFM Modified Frequency Modulated PLD Programmable Logic Device MHz MegaHertz PLL Phase Locked Loop MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface PMOS Positively doped Metal-Oxide Semiconduc- MIPS Millions of Instructions per Second tor MMU Memory Management Unit POP Post Office Protocol (email) MNP Microcom Network Protocol POST Power On Self Test MODEM MOdulator / DEModulator POTS Plain Old Telephone Service MOPS Millions of Operations Per Second PPP Point-to-Point Protocol MOS Metal-Oxide Semiconductor PQFP Plastic Quad-FlatPack MSB Most Significant Bit (or Byte) PROM Programmable Read-Only Memory MSDOS Microsoft Disk Operating System PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network MSI Medium Scale Integration MTBF Mean Time Between Failures Q Charge QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation n nano QFP Quad-FlatPack NAND Not And R Resistance N/C No-Connect RAM Random Access Memory NBS National Bureau of Standards RAS Row Address Strobe NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers As- RCA Radio Corporation of America sociation R/C Radio Control NFS Network File System RC Resistor - Capacitor NIC Network Interface Card RF Radio Frequency NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology RFC Radio Frequency Choke NMI Non-Maskable Interrupt RFI Radio Frequency Interference NMOS Negatively doped Metal-Oxide Semi- RFP Request For Proposal conductor RFQ Request For Quotation NOP No OPeration RI Ring Indicator NSF National Science Foundation RISC Reduced Instruction-Set Computer NVRAM NonVolatile Random Access Memory RLL Run Length Limited OCR Optical Character Recognition RMS Root Mean Square ODI Open Datalink Interface ROM Read-Only Memory OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer RPM Revolutions Per Minute OS Operating System RS Recommended Specification OSF Open Software Foundation RTC Real Time Clock OSI Open Systems Interconnect RTS Request To Send p pico PAL Programmable Array Logic S Siemens PLA Programmable Logic Array SASI Shugart Associates Standard Interface PB Push Button SCSI Small Computer Systems Interface PBX Private Branch eXchange SD Single Density PC Personal Computer, Program Counter SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control PCB Printed Circuit Board SIMM Single Inline Memory Module PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect SIP Single Inline Package PCM Pulse Code Modulation SLIP Serial Line Internet Protocol PCMCIA Personal Computer Memory Card Inter- SMD Surface Mount Device national Association SMT Surface Mount Technology PE Professional Engineer SNA System Network Architecture PGA Pin Grid Array SNR Signal to Noise Ratio SOT Small Outline Transistor XOR Exclusive-Or SOIC Small Outline Integrated Circuit Y Admittance SPOOL Simultaneous Peripheral Operation On Z Impedance Line ZIF Zero Insertion Force SPST Single-Pole Single-Throw (switch) SPT Sectors Per Track SQE Signal Quality Error SRAM Static Random Access Memory SS Single Sided STDM Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing STN Super Twisted Nematic STP Shielded Twisted Pair STU Streaming Tape Unit SVGA Super Video Graphics Array TCM Trellis Code Modulation TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol TDM Time Division Multiplexing TDMA Time Division Multiple Access TI Texas Instruments TIA Telecomm. Industry Assocation TPI Tracks Per Inch TSR Terminate and Stay Resident TTL Transistor-Transistor Logic TUV Technischer Ueberwachuags Verein UV Ultra Violet UART Universal Asynchronous Receiver/ Transmitter UDP User Datagram Protocol UMB Upper Memory Block UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair UUCP Unix to Unix Copy Program VCR Video Cassette Recorder VESA Video Enhanced Standards Association VGA Video Graphics Array VLB VESA Local Bus VLSI Very Large Scale Integration VM Virtual Memory VME Versa Module Eurocard VRAM Video Random Access Memory VTR Video Tape Recorder W Watts WAN Wide Area Network WATS Wide Area Telephone Service WORM Write-Once Read-Many WWW World Wide Web XGA eXtended Graphics Array XMS Extended Memory Specification.