GENDER ASSESSMENT IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR FINAL REPORT September 30, 2016 This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The Monitoring and Evaluation Project of the USAID/Senegal Mission developed the report. GENDER ASSESSMENT IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR FINAL REPORT FINAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION USAID/Senegal Contract Reference: AID-685-C-15-00003 Monitoring and Evaluation Project, USAID/Senegal WARNING This evaluation was made possible thanks to the support of the American people through the United States Agency of International Development (USAID). The content is the exclusive responsibility of Management Systems International and does not necessarily reflect the points of view of USAID or the United States Government. Ms. Awa Fall Diop and Ms. Salimata Bâ developed the report, with support from Sadio Coulibaly Savané and Mame Aïssatou Mbaye. TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms ....................................................................................................................................... ii Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 1 Results and Conclusions by Question ............................................................................................................ 1 Some Recommendations for Future Activities ............................................................................................ 2 I Assessment Goals and Research Questions ....................................................................... 5 Evaluation Goals .................................................................................................................................................. 5 Questions and Methodology ............................................................................................................................ 5 Overview of Agriculture in Senegal ................................................................................................................ 6 II The Widest Disparities in the Agricultural Sector ............................................................ 7 Gender and Agricultural Policies in Senegal ................................................................................................. 7 Gender Constraints ......................................................................................................................................... 12 Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 14 III Progress and Changes over the Last Ten Years .............................................................. 14 IV Current USAID Gender Strategies in the Agricultural Sector ...................................... 20 Gender Strategy in USAID/EGO Projects ................................................................................................. 20 Gender Strategies of other Technical and Financial Partners .............................................................. 26 Conclusions and Recommendations ............................................................................................................ 27 V Persistant Gaps (Q5)........................................................................................................... 28 Recurring Problems ........................................................................................................................................ 28 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................................................... 31 VI Best Stategic Opportunities and Approaches for Future Programs (q6) ..................... 31 Appendix A : Frame and Work Plan ......................................................................................... 33 Design ................................................................................................................................................................. 38 Data Collection Methods ............................................................................................................................... 39 Phase I: Document and Data Review .......................................................................................................... 63 Phase II: Data Collection and Qualitative Field Research ...................................................................... 64 Phase III: Reporting and Deliverables .......................................................................................................... 65 Appendix B : Results, Conclusions and Recommendations Table .......................................... 97 Appendix C : List of People Met .............................................................................................. 115 Appendix D : Synthesis of EGO Strategies ............................................................................. 123 Appendix E : Others Donnor Results ...................................................................................... 129 Appendix F : Existing Financing Systems ................................................................................ 132 Appendix G : Bibliography ........................................................................................................ 135 GENDER ASSESSMENT IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR i ACRONYMS ACDI Canadian International Development Agency AFAO Association of West African Women AJS Association of Senegalese Jurists ANA National Aquaculture Agency APROFES Association for the Advancement of Senegalese Women ASPRODEB Senegalese Association for the Promotion of Grassroots Development Projects ASPSP Senegalese Association of Farmer Seed Producers CCC Behavioral Change Communication CLPA Artisanal Fishing Local Councils CNCR National Council for Rural Collaboration DEEG Equity and Gender Equality Directorate DIRFEL Regional Directory of Women Raising Cattle DO Organizational Development DRDR Regional Directorate of Rural Development FDEA Women's Business Development in Africa FEPRODES Federation of Associations and Groups of Women Producers in the Saint Louis Region FEPROMAS Federation of Corn Producers of Saloum FIARA International Fair for Agriculture and Animal Resources FIDA International Fund for Agricultural Development FIDAK International Fair of Dakar FNRAA National Fund for Agricultural and Agro-food Research FTF Feed the Future GAF Financial Management GPF Women's Involvement Groups GTC Citizen Work Group ISFAR Higher Institute of Agricultural and Rural Training ISRA Senegalese Institute for Agricultural Research ITA Institute of Agro-food Technology GENDER ASSESSMENT IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ii JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency LOASP Agro-Sylvopastoral Orientation Law NTIC New Information and Communication Technologies ONG Nongovernmental Organizations OP Producers Organization OSC Civil Society Organization PADAER Support Program to Agricultural Development and Rural Entrepreneurship PADEC Casamance Economic Development Support Program PAFA Agricultural Value Chains Support Project PAIS Italy-Senegal Agricultural Project PAPSEN National Agricultural Investment Program Support Project PRACAS Program for Accelerating the Cadence of Senegalese Agriculture PSE Plan for an Emerging Senegal PTF Technical and Financial Partners REFAN Network of Northern Women Farmers REFDEV Network of Women in Development SFD Development Financial Structures SIA International Agricultural Salon SIAM International Agricultural Salon of Morocco SIGI Social Institutions and Gender Index SNEEG National Strategy for Equity and Gender Equality ST Technical Services TDR Terms of Reference UGPAR Union of Agricultural Producer Groups in Rao USAID United States Agency for International Development UTC Transformation and Conservation Unit VNC Community Nutrition Volunteers WEAI Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index GENDER ASSESSMENT IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Despite the crucial role women play in farming and small-scale agriculture, gender inequality persists in many ways, compromising food and nutritional security. It is this observation that emerged from the gender in Senegalese agriculture assessment sponsored by USAID and its Economic Growth Office. Senegal MEP conducted the study from July 18th to August 31st, 2016 and was primarily focused on grain, horticulture, livestock and fishing value chains. Cross cutting sectors like water and agricultural policies were also analyzed with seven major research questions. In addition to the literature review, the assessment team went to Dakar, St. Louis, Matam, Kaolack, Kolda, Kédougou and Sédhiou to collect qualitative data. The data collected allowed the team to answer seven identified research questions, which were: 1. What are the widest gender disparities in the agriculture sector? What are the consequences for the well-being and opportunities for women, girls, men and boys? 2. What elements of change have occurred for women in the agriculture sector over the last 10 years? 3. What current approaches are being taken by EGO to address gender in the agriculture sector? 4. How well are the current EGO approaches addressing gender disparities in terms of narrowing the gaps between men and women? 5. How are other donors tackling gender in the agriculture sector? 6. What remaining gaps need to be addressed? 7. Based on current systems and perceptions,