International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology, ISSN(p): 2321 –8991, ISSN(e): 2321 –9009 Volume-7, Issue-3, Jul.-2019, http://iraj.in PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND COMPARITIVE ALLELOPATHIC STUDIES OF IPOMEA SPECIES ABDULAZIZ KHALED HASAN Master In Pgarmacognosy E-mail: [email protected] Abstract - The present study focused on standardization of ipomoea hederifolia and ipomoea indica plants as a standardization parameter, microscopic evaluation and physical evaluation, is performed to ensure the authenticity of crude drug. Preliminary Phytochemical investigations revealed the presence of Steroids, Tannins, Alkaloids, Carbohydrates, Flavonoids, Glycosides and Saponins. Successive extraction was carried out to obtain petroleum ether, chloroform, alcohol and water extract .Literature review of ipomoea species shown to possess allelopathic activity. So an attempt was made systematically to notice growth suppression by ipomoea hederifolia and ipomoea indica on Methi, Fennel, Paddy ,Ground nut and Mungbean plants by in Vitro sandwich method developed by Dr Fujii . HPTLC study of both the species ensured the presence of scopoletin in significant amount. Keywords - Ipomoea Hederifolia, Ipomoea Indica, Allelopathic Activity, HPTLC, Scopoletin I. INTRODUCTION negative allelopathic effects are an important part of plant defense against herb ivory (i.e., animals Allelopathy. Allelopathy refers to the beneficial eating plants as their primary food). or destructive effects of one plant on another plant, both harvest and weed species, from the 1.1 Application of allelopathy: release of biochemical’s, known as The possible application of allelopathy in agriculture allelochemicals, from plant parts by leaching, is the subject of much research. Current research is root exudation, volatilization, residue rotting, and focused on the effects of weeds on crops, crops on other processes in both natural and agricultural weeds, and crops on crops. systems. Allelochemicals are a subset of secondary metabolites not required for This research furthers the possibility of using metabolism (growth and development) of the allelochemicals as growth regulators and allelopathic organism. Allelochemicals with natural herbicides, to promote sustainable agriculture. Detailed information of selected plants for allalopativ activity Biological Source Plant Name Chemical constituent and Family Uses Mung beans are a high source of nutrients including: manganese, potassium, magnesium, folate, copper, zinc and including antioxidant, antimicrobial, MUNG BEAN Vigna radiate various B vitamins. anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, Fabaceae They are also a very filling antihypertensive food, high in protein, resistant starch and dietary fiber GROUNDNUT magnesium, Arachishypogaea niacin, antioxidants. copper, oleic acid, and various antioxidants Pharmacognostic and Comparitive Allelopathic Studies of IPOMEA Species 7 International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology, ISSN(p): 2321 –8991, ISSN(e): 2321 –9009 Volume-7, Issue-3, Jul.-2019, http://iraj.in Protein PADDY Starch Poaceae mainly used as an energy source Fiber Lignin water, carbohydrates, digestive problems such as loss of protein appetite, upset stomach, constipation, METHI Fabaceae inflammation of the stomach fat, calcium (gastritis) water, various digestive problems carbohydrates, including heartburn, intestinal protein gas, bloating, loss of appetite, fat, and colic in infants. It is also used for Fennel Umbelliferae calcium upper respiratory tract Niacin infections, coughs, bronchitis, cholera, Calcium backache, bedwetting, and visual Magnesium problems 1.2 Allelopathic vitro model 0.895 and 0.71, 0.86, 0.56, 0.60 respectively. As Sandwich method: For current study sandwich specified in the previous article Rf value of method is used. It was developed by Dr Fujii as a standard SCOPOLETIN was found to be 0.56 at bioassay to determinate the allelopathic activity of 365nm. In Ipomoea hederifolia alcoholic extract leachate from donor plant leaves, and was employed Scopoletin peak was observed at Rf value 0.56 for the screening of large amounts of medicinal (with percentage content 6.19%). But scopoletin plants, herbal and tree species. For this method a six- peak was absent in Ipomoea indica alcoholic well multi dish plastic plate will be used. Agar will be extract. It shows due to scopoletin content in used as growth medium and lettuce seeds as test Ipomoea hederifolia alcoholic extract may be plants. The length of hypocotyl and radicle of lettuce responsible for better Allelopathic effect. In both seedling all the parameters used for assessing Ipomoea indica and Ipomoea hederifolia allelopathic activity which will be compared with alcoholic extracts peaks were observed at Rf control seedling value 0.715 & 0.86. In Ipomoea indica and Ipomoea hederifolia ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION (AT Rf value 0.715) phytocompound/peak percentage content was found to be 54.27% and HPTLC studies: The HPTLC analysis of 31.98% respectively. Ipomoea indica and Ipomoea hederifolia alcoholic extract was carried out using mobile In Ipomoea indica and Ipomoea hederifolia phase using ethyl acetate:methanol: ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT (AT Rf value 0.86) water:ammonia (13:0.5:1.8:0.2) and detection of phytocompound /peak percentage content was found phytocomound was done using spraying reagent to be 31.98% and 56.42% respectively. Combining Anizaldehyde and sulphuric acid reagent as both retardation value( 0.715 &0.86) peak areas in specified in previous article at wavelength Ipomoea indica alcoholic extract percentage content 365nm . was 75% and in Ipomoea hederifolia alcoholic extract percentage content was found to be 89%, which is In Ipomoea indica and Ipomoea hederifolia higher content(14%) then Ipomoea indica alcoholic alcoholic extracts HPTLC study, the four peaks extract shows better allelopathic effect for Ipomoea were observed at Rf value of 0.065, 0.715, 0.86, hederifolia than Ipomoea indica. Pharmacognostic and Comparitive Allelopathic Studies of IPOMEA Species 8 International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology, ISSN(p): 2321 –8991, ISSN(e): 2321 –9009 Volume-7, Issue-3, Jul.-2019, http://iraj.in The data of HPTLC was given in table Chromatogram with Rf values wasshown In fig . Extract At 365 nm of Ipomoea indica Graph: HPTLC Extract At 365 nm of Ipomoea indica Table HPTLC data at 365nm of Ipomoea indica Pharmacognostic and Comparitive Allelopathic Studies of IPOMEA Species 9 International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology, ISSN(p): 2321 –8991, ISSN(e): 2321 –9009 Volume-7, Issue-3, Jul.-2019, http://iraj.in Extract At 366 nm of Ipomoea hederifolia Graph: HPTLC Extract At 366 nm of Ipomoea hederifolia Table HPTLC data at 366nm of Ipomoea hederifolia Pharmacognostic and Comparitive Allelopathic Studies of IPOMEA Species 10 International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology, ISSN(p): 2321 –8991, ISSN(e): 2321 –9009 Volume-7, Issue-3, Jul.-2019, http://iraj.in HPTLC of alcoholic extract Sl.No Parameter Alcohol extract 1 Stationary phase Precoated plates for HPTLC, silica gel 60 F254 2. Software WinCATS 3. Applicator CamagLinomat V 4. Band length 10 mm 5. Mobile Phase benzene: acetic acid(4.5:0.4) 6. Development chamber Camag Twin Trough (10 x 10 cm) 7. Development distance 75 mm 8. Time of Saturation 1 hr 9. Scanner CAMAG TLC Scanner 3 10. Scanning speed 20 nm 11. Lamp Deuterium Lamp and Tungsten Lamp 12. Data resolution 100 µm/step 13. Photo documentation Camag Reprostar3. HPTLC data on the alcoholic extract of Ipomoea indica and Ipomoea hederifolia 50% 50% Powder Powder 10% 10% 50% 50% 50% 50% BLANK H O& H O& I.I I.H H OII H OIH H OII H OIH 2 2 ETII ETIH 2 2 2 2 ETII ETIH 4.934 (12 3.96(2g) 3.91(2g) 3.51 2.53 3.06 2.41 2..427 2.012 2.241 1.177 seeds) 5.271 3.84 3.60 3.5 3 3 2.5 2.631 1.911 2.631 1.580 4.938 3.82 3.31 3.5 2.10 3.04 2.45 1.2645 1.218 0.981 0.69 AVG: 2.529 2.436 1.962 1.380 3.873cm 3.607cm 3.5 2.54 3.03 2.45 5.047cm DIFF 1.174 1.440 1.547 2.507 2.017 2.597 2.518 2.611 3.085 3.667 COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF IPOMOEA INDICA &IPOMOEA HEDERIFLORIA ON THE GROWTH OF MUNG BEAN PLANT. Pharmacognostic and Comparitive Allelopathic Studies of IPOMEA Species 11 International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology, ISSN(p): 2321 –8991, ISSN(e): 2321 –9009 Volume-7, Issue-3, Jul.-2019, http://iraj.in allelopathic activity ofipomoea indica and ipomoea hederifolia on mungbean NOTE: ROOT LENGTH IN BLANK -5.047cm X AXIS-ROOT GROWTH IN cm Y AXIS-ALLELOPATHIC SAMPLES COMPARATIVE EFFECT OF IPOMOEA INDICA &IPOMOEA HEDERIFLORIA ON THE GROWTH OF GROUND NUT PLANT 50% 50% Powder Powder 10% 10% 50% 50% 50% 50% BLANK H O& H O& I.I I.H AEII AEIH AEII AEIH 2 2 ETII ETIH ETII ETIH 4.41( 6 seeds) 4.41(2g) 3.4(2g) 3.75 3.5 3.33 3 1.596 1.5 1.35 0.6 5 4.16 4.4 3.50 3.50 2.08 2.16 1.05 1.2 1.5 1.146 4.08 4.05 2.58 3.66 2.58 3.58 2.75 1.02 0.991 1.2 1.07 AVG: 4.496cm 4.20 cm 3.60 cm 3.97 3.22 cm 2.996 2.636 1.323 1.35 1.425 0.873 DIFF 0.296 0.896 0.526 1.276 1.5 1.86 3.173 3.146 3.071 3.623 allelopathic activity ofipomoea indica and ipomoea hederifoliaonground nut NOTE: ROOT LENGTH IN BLANK -4.496cm X AXIS-ROOT GROWTH IN cm Y AXIS-ALLELOPATHIC SAMPLES Pharmacognostic and Comparitive Allelopathic Studies of IPOMEA Species 12 International Journal of Advances in Science Engineering and Technology, ISSN(p): 2321 –8991, ISSN(e): 2321 –9009 Volume-7, Issue-3, Jul.-2019, http://iraj.in 50% 50%