0_11 The Eleven Set Contents 1 1 1 1.1 Etymology ............................................... 1 1.2 As a number .............................................. 1 1.3 As a digit ............................................... 1 1.4 Mathematics .............................................. 1 1.4.1 Table of basic calculations .................................. 3 1.5 In technology ............................................. 3 1.6 In science ............................................... 3 1.6.1 In astronomy ......................................... 3 1.7 In philosophy ............................................. 3 1.8 In literature .............................................. 4 1.9 In comics ............................................... 4 1.10 In sports ................................................ 4 1.11 In other fields ............................................. 6 1.12 See also ................................................ 6 1.13 References ............................................... 6 1.14 External links ............................................. 6 2 2 (number) 7 2.1 In mathematics ............................................ 7 2.1.1 List of basic calculations ................................... 8 2.2 Evolution of the glyph ......................................... 8 2.3 In science ............................................... 8 2.3.1 Astronomy .......................................... 8 2.4 In technology ............................................. 9 2.5 In religion ............................................... 9 2.5.1 Judaism ............................................ 9 2.6 Numerological significance ...................................... 9 2.7 In sports ................................................ 10 2.8 In other fields ............................................. 10 2.9 See also ................................................ 11 2.10 References ............................................... 11 2.11 External links ............................................. 11 i ii CONTENTS 3 3 (number) 12 3.1 Evolution of the glyph ......................................... 12 3.1.1 Flat top 3 ........................................... 12 3.2 In mathematics ............................................ 12 3.2.1 In numeral systems ...................................... 13 3.2.2 List of basic calculations ................................... 13 3.3 In science ............................................... 13 3.3.1 In protoscience ........................................ 14 3.3.2 In astronomy ......................................... 14 3.3.3 In pseudoscience ....................................... 14 3.4 In philosophy ............................................. 14 3.5 In religion ............................................... 14 3.5.1 In Christianity ......................................... 14 3.5.2 In Judaism .......................................... 15 3.5.3 In Buddhism ......................................... 15 3.5.4 In Shinto ........................................... 15 3.5.5 In Taoism ........................................... 15 3.5.6 In Hinduism .......................................... 15 3.5.7 In Zoroastrianism ....................................... 15 3.5.8 In Norse mythology ...................................... 16 3.5.9 In other religions ....................................... 16 3.5.10 In esoteric tradition ...................................... 16 3.5.11 As a lucky or unlucky number ................................ 16 3.6 In sports ................................................ 16 3.7 See also ................................................ 17 3.8 References ............................................... 17 3.9 External links ............................................. 18 4 4 (number) 19 4.1 In mathematics ............................................ 19 4.2 List of basic calculations ........................................ 20 4.3 Origins ................................................. 20 4.4 In religion ............................................... 20 4.5 In politics ............................................... 22 4.6 In computing ............................................. 22 4.7 In science ............................................... 22 4.7.1 In astronomy ......................................... 22 4.7.2 In biology ........................................... 22 4.7.3 In chemistry .......................................... 22 4.7.4 In physics ........................................... 22 4.8 In logic and philosophy ........................................ 23 4.9 In technology ............................................. 24 CONTENTS iii 4.10 In transport .............................................. 24 4.11 In sports ................................................ 25 4.12 In other fields ............................................. 26 4.13 In music ................................................ 27 4.14 Groups of four ............................................. 27 4.15 References ............................................... 28 4.16 External links ............................................. 28 5 5 (number) 29 5.1 In mathematics ............................................ 29 5.1.1 List of basic calculations ................................... 29 5.2 Evolution of the glyph ......................................... 29 5.3 Science ................................................ 30 5.3.1 Astronomy .......................................... 30 5.3.2 Biology ............................................ 30 5.3.3 Computing .......................................... 30 5.4 Religion and culture .......................................... 30 5.4.1 Christian ........................................... 30 5.4.2 Discordianism ......................................... 30 5.4.3 Islamic ............................................ 30 5.4.4 Jewish ............................................. 31 5.4.5 Sikh .............................................. 31 5.4.6 Other religions and cultures .................................. 31 5.5 Art, entertainment, and media ..................................... 31 5.5.1 Events ............................................. 31 5.5.2 Fictional entities ........................................ 31 5.5.3 Films ............................................. 31 5.5.4 Music ............................................. 32 5.5.5 Television ........................................... 32 5.5.6 Literature ........................................... 33 5.6 Sports ................................................. 33 5.7 Technology .............................................. 34 5.8 Miscellaneous fields .......................................... 35 5.9 See also ................................................ 36 5.10 References ............................................... 36 5.11 External links ............................................. 36 6 6 (number) 37 6.1 In mathematics ............................................ 37 6.1.1 In numeral systems ...................................... 38 6.1.2 List of basic calculations ................................... 38 6.2 Greek and Latin word parts ...................................... 38 iv CONTENTS 6.2.1 Hexa ............................................. 38 6.2.2 The prefix sex- ........................................ 38 6.3 Evolution of the glyph ........................................ 39 6.4 In music ................................................ 39 6.4.1 In artists ............................................ 39 6.4.2 In instruments ......................................... 39 6.4.3 In music theory ........................................ 39 6.4.4 In works ............................................ 40 6.5 In religion ............................................... 40 6.6 In science ............................................... 40 6.6.1 Astronomy .......................................... 40 6.6.2 Biology ............................................ 40 6.6.3 Chemistry ........................................... 41 6.6.4 Medicine ........................................... 41 6.6.5 Physics ............................................ 41 6.7 In sports ................................................ 41 6.8 In technology ............................................. 42 6.9 In calendars .............................................. 43 6.10 In the arts and entertainment ..................................... 43 6.11 In other fields ............................................. 43 6.12 References ............................................... 44 6.13 External links ............................................. 44 7 7 (number) 45 7.1 Mathematics .............................................. 45 7.1.1 Numeral systems ....................................... 46 7.1.2 Basic calculations ....................................... 46 7.2 Evolution of the glyph ......................................... 46 7.3 Automotive and transportation .................................... 47 7.4 Classical world ............................................. 47 7.4.1 Classical antiquity ....................................... 47 7.5 Commerce and business ........................................ 47 7.6 Food and beverages .......................................... 47 7.7 Media and entertainment ....................................... 47 7.7.1 Film .............................................. 47 7.7.2 Games ............................................. 48 7.7.3 Literature ..........................................