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All trademarks are property of their respective companies. Published 25 February 2019. © Copyright 1982-2019 Robert Orban and Greg Ogonowski. Rorb Inc., Belmont CA 94002 USA Modulation Index LLC, 1249 S. Diamond Bar Blvd Suite 314, Diamond Bar, CA 91765-4122 USA Phone: +1 909 860 6760; E-Mail: [email protected]; Site: https://www.indexcom.com Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................ 4 MAINTAINING AUDIO QUALITY IN THE BROADCAST/NETCAST FACILITY ..................................... 1 Authors’ Note ....................................................................................................................... 1 Preface ......................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................ 2 The “Digital Divide” ................................................................................................... 3 Audio Processing: The Final Polish ............................................................................ 3 PART 1: RECORDING MEDIA ................................................................................................. 5 Compact Disc............................................................................................................... 5 CD-R and CD-RW, DVD±R, DVD±RW, DVD-A, HD DVD, Blu-ray ............................. 7 HDCD ..................................................................................................................................... 8 Digital Tape ................................................................................................................. 9 Hard Disk Systems ..................................................................................................... 10 Flash RAM ................................................................................................................. 10 Program Associated Data (PAD) or Metadata ........................................................ 11 Data Compression .................................................................................................... 12 Lossless Compression .......................................................................................................... 12 Lossy Compression .............................................................................................................. 13 MPEG1 — Layer 2/3 ............................................................................................................ 15 AAC/HE-AAC ....................................................................................................................... 15 Members of the HE-AAC Codec Family ............................................................................. 16 Independent quality evaluations of AAC/HE-AAC............................................................ 19 Spectral Band Replication .................................................................................................. 19 Parametric Stereo ............................................................................................................... 21 MPEG Surround .................................................................................................................. 21 Using Data Compression for Contribution ........................................................................ 22 Pitfalls When Using Dolby AC3 as a Contribution Codec ................................................. 23 PART 2: SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONS ...................................................................................... 23 Analog Interconnection ..........................................................................................