STI CENTER -GS 53-45/100 NASA JOHNSON SPACE CEN'TER HOUSTON, TX 77058-3696 NASA Connectionto Aerospace A Service of: NationalAeronautiCSand Space Adrrdnistration SCII_IqTIFIC TgCNNICAUb IN FORI¢IATION GEORGE C. MARSHALL SPACE FLIGHT CENTER MPR-SAT-FE6-9-7 SATURNV LAUNCHVEHICLE _ FLIGHT I'VALUATIONREPORT-AS-50_ ,,i ,APOLLO 10 MI SSION PREPAREDBY SATURNFLIGHTEVALUATIONWORKINGGROUP C_ & 0 r_ Z I c_ m I im m MPR-SAT-FE-69-7 SATURN V LAUNCH VEHICLE FLIGHT EVALUATION REPORT - AS-505 APOLLO I0 MISSION BY Saturn Flight Evaluation Working Group George C. Marshall Space Flight Center ABSTRACT Saturn V AS-505 (Apollo lO Mission) was launched at 12:49:00 Eastern Daylight Time on May 18, 1969, from Kennedy Space Center, Complex 39, Pad B. The vehicle lifted off on schedule on a launch azimuth of 90 degrees east of north and rolled to a fli.ght azimuth of 72.028 degrees east of north. The launch vehicle successfully placed the manned spacecraft in the planned translunar injection coast mode. The S-IVB/IU was placed in a solar orbit with a period of 344.9 days by a combination of continuous LH2 vent, the contingency experiment of propellant lead, a LOX dump and APS ullage burn. The Major Flight Objectiw_s and the Detailed Test Objectives of this mission were completely accomplished. No failures, anomalies, or de- viations occurred that seriously affected the flight or mission. Any questions or comments pertaining to the information contained in this report are invited arid should be directed to: Director, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Huntsville_, Alabama 35812 Attention: Chairman, Saturn Flight Evaluation Working Group, S&E-CSE-LF (Phone 453-2575) TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page TABLEOFCONTENTS iii LISTOFILLUSTRATIONS xii LISTOFTABLES xix ACKNOWLEDGEMENT xxiii ABBREVIATIONS xxiv MISSIONPLAN xxvii FLIGHTTESTSUMMARY xxix 1 INTRODUCTION l.l Purpose I-I 1.2 Scope I-I 2 EVENTTIMES 2,I Summaryof Events 2-I 2.2 Variable Time and CommandedSwitch Selector Events 2-3 3 LAUNCHOPERATIONS 3.1 Summary 3-I 3.2 PrelaunchMilestones 3-I 3.3 CountdownEvents 3-I 3.4 PropellantLoading 3-I 3.4.1 RP-ILoading 3-I 3.4.2 LOXLoading 3-3 3.4.3 LH2 Loading 3-3 3.4.4 Auxiliary Propulsion System PropellantLoading 3-3 3.5 S-II Insulation,Purge and Leak Detection 3-3 3.5.1 ForwardBulkheadInsulation 3-3 3.5.2 Forward BulkheadUninsulatedArea 3-4 3.5.3 LH2 TankSidewall 3-4 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Section Page 3.5.4 Bolting/J-Ring 3-4 3.5.5 Feedline Elbow 3-4 3,5.6 CommonBulkhead 3-4 3,6 Ground Support Equipment 3-5 3.6.1 Ground/Vehicle Interface 3-5 3.6.2 MSFC Furnished Ground Support Equipment 3-5 3.6.3 GSECameraCoverage 3-6 4 TRAJECTORY 4.1 Summary 4-I 4.2 Tracking Data Utilization 4-I 4.2.1 Tracking During the Ascent Phase of Flight 4-I 4.2.2 Tracking During Orbital Flight 4-2 4.2.3 Tracking During the Injection Phase of Flight 4-2 4.3 Trajectory Evaluation 4-2 4.3.1 Ascent Trajectory 4-2 4.3.2 Parking Orbit Trajectory 4-3 4.3.3 Injection Trajectory 4-5 4.3.4 Post TLI Trajectory 4-6 4.3.5 S-IVB/IU Post Separation Trajectory 4-10 5 S-IC PROPULSION 5.1 Summary 5-I 5.2 S-IC Ignition Transient Performance 5-I 5.3 S-IC Mainstage Performance 5-4 5.4 S-IC Engine Shutdown Transient Performance 5-6 5,5 S-IC Stage Propellant Management 5-6 5.6 S-IC Pressurization Systems 5-6 5.6.1 S-IC Fuel Pressurization System 5-6 5.6.2 S-IC LOX Pressurization System 5-7 5.7 S-IC Pneumatic Control Pressure System 5-8 5.8 S-IC Purge Systems 5-9 5.9 POGOSuppression System 5-9 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Section Page 6 S-II PROPULSION 6.1 Summary 6-I 6.2 S-II Chilldown and Buildup Transient Performance 6-2 6.3 S-II Mainstage Performance 6-5 6.4 S-II Shutdown Transient Performance 6-7 6.5 S-II Stage Propellant Management 6-9 6.6 S-II Pressurization Systems 6-10 6.6.1 S-II Fuel Pressurization System 6-10 6.6.2 S-II LOX Pressurization System 6-11 6.7 S-II Pneumatic Control Pressure System 6-11 6.8 S-II Helium Injection System 6-12 7 S-IVB PROPULSION 7.1 Summary 7-I 7.2 S-IVB Chilldown and Buildup Transient Performance for First Burn 7-2 7.3 S-IVB Mainstage Performance for First Burn 7-2 7.4 S-IVB Shutdown Transient Performance for First Burn 7_5 7.5 S-IVB Parking Orbit Coast Phase Conditioning 7-6 7.6 S-IVB Chilldown and Restart for SecondBurn 7-6 7.7 S-IVB Mainstage Performance for SecondBurn 7-12 7.8 S-IVB Shutdown Transient Performance for' SecondBurn 7-14 7.9 S-IVB Stage Propellant Management 7-14 7.10 S-IVB Pressurization System 7-14 7.10.1 S-lVB Fuel Pressurization System 7-14 7.10.2 S-IVB LOX Pressurization System 7-18 TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Section Page 7.11 S-IVB Pneumatic Control Pressure System 7-22 7.12 S-IVB Auxiliary Propulsion System 7-26 7.13 S-IVB Propellant Lead Experiment and Orbital Safing Operation 7-27 7.13,1 LOX and LH2 Lead Chilldown Experiment 7-28 7.13.2 LOX Tank Ambient Repressurization 7-31 7.13.3 LH2 Tank Ambient Repressurization 7-32 7.13.4 Fuel TankSafing 7-32 7.13.5 LOXTank Dumpand Safing 7-33 7.13.6 Cold Helium Dump 7-33 7.13.7 Ambient Helium Dump 7-34 7.13.8 Stage Pneumatic Control Sphere Safing 7-35 7.13.9 Engine Start Sphere Safing 7-35 7.13.10 Engine Control Sphere Safing 7-35 8 HYDRAULICSYSTEMS 8.1 Summary 8-I 8,2 S-IC Hydraulic System 8-I 8.3 S-II Hydraulic System 8-I 8.4 S-IVB Hydraulic System (First Burn) 8-I 8.5 S-IVB Hydraulic System (Parking Orbit CoastPhase) 8-2 8.6 S-IVB Hydraulic System (Second Burn) 8-3 8,7 S-IVB Hydraulic System (Translunar Injection Coast and Propellant Dump) 8-3 9 STRUCTURES 9,1 Summary 9-I 9.2 Total Vehicle Structures Evaluation 9-I 9.2.1 Longitudinal Loads 9-I 9,2.2 BendingMoments 9-3 9.2.3 Vehicle Dynamic Characteristics 9-5 9.3 Vibration Evaluation 9-11 9.3.1 S-IC Stage and Engine Evaluation 9-11 9.3.2 S-II Stage and Engine Evaluation 9-12 9.3.3 S-IVB Stage and Engine Evaluation 9-23 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Section Page I0 GUIDANCEAND NAVIGATION I D.1 Summary 1O-1 I0.I.I Flight Program I0-I 10.1.2 Instrument Unit Components I0-I 10.2 Guidance Comparisons I0-I I 10.3 Navigation and Guidance Scheme Evaluation 10-7 10.4 Guidance System Component Evaluation 10-8 10.4.1 LVDCPerformance 10-8 10.4.2 LVDAPerformance 10-8 10.4.3 Ladder Outputs 10-8 10.4.4 Telemetry Outputs I0-11 10.4.5 Discrete Outputs I0-II 10.4.6 Switch Selector Functions I0-II 10.4.7 ST-124M-3 Inertial Platform Performance 10-I1 11 CONTROLSYSTEM 11.1 Summary 11-I II.2 Control System Description II-I 11.3 S-IC Control System Evaluation 11-2 11.3.1 Li ftoff Clearances 11-2 11.3.2 S-IC Flight Dynamics II-2 II.4 S-II Control System Evaluation II-7 II.5 S-IVB Control System Evaluation 11-14 11.5.1 Control System Evaluation During FirstBurn 11-14 II.5.2 Control System Evaluation During ParkingOrbit ll-14 'II.5.3 Control System Evaluation During SecondBurn ll-17 11.5.4 Control System Evaluation After S-IVBSecondBurn ll-18 12 SEPARATION 12.1 Summary 12-I 12.2.1 S-IC Retro Motor Performance 12-1 12.2.2 S-IllUllage Motor Performance 12-I _\ 12.2.312.2 S-IC/S-II StageSeparationSeparationEvaluation 12-112-I _\, vii o_ TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Section Page 12.3 S-II Second Plane Separation Evaluation 12-I 12.4 S-II/S-IVB Separation Evaluation 12-2 12.4.1 S-II Retro Motor Performance 12-2 12.4,2 S-IVB Ullage Motor Performance 12-2 12.4.3 S-II/S-IVB Separation Dynamics 12-2 12.5 S-I VB/IU/LM/CSM Separation Evaluation 12-2 12.6 Lunar Module Docking and Ejection Evaluation 12-2 13 ELECTRICAL NETWORKS 13.1 Summary 13-I 13.2 S-IC Stage Electrical System 13-I 13.3 S-II Stage Electrical System 13-2 13.4 S-IVB Stage Electrical System 13-3 13,5 Instrument Unit Electrical System 13-6 14 RANGESAFETY AND COMMANDSYSTEMS 14.1 Summary 14-I 14.2 Secure Range Safety CommandSystems 14-I 14.3 Commandand Communications System 14-I 15 EMERGENCYDETECTION SYSTEM 15.1 Summary 15-I 15.2 SystemEvaluation 15-I 15.2.1 General Performance 15-I 15.2.2 Propulsion System Sensors 15-I 15,2.3 Flight Dynamics and Control Sensors 15-I 15.2.4 EDSEvent Times 15-2 16 VEHICLE PRESSUREAND ACOUSTIC ENVIRONMENT 16.1 Summary 16-I 16.2 Surface Pressures and Compartment Venting 16-I 16.2.1 S-IC Stage 16-I 16.2.2 S-II Stage 16-5 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Section Page 16.3 BasePressures 16-5 16.3.1 S-lC Base Pressures 16-5 16.3.2 S-II Base Pressures 16-7 16.4 Acoustic Environment 16-8 16.4,1 External Acoustics 16-8 16.4.2 Internal Acoustics 16-17 17 VI--HICLE THERMAL ENVIRONMENT 17.1 Summary 17-I 17.2 S-IC Base Heating and Stage Separation Environment 17-I 17.2.1 S-IC BaseHeating 17-I 17.2.2 S-IC/S-II Separation Environment 17-3 17.3 S-II Base Region Environment 17-3 17,4 Vehicle Aeroheating Thermal Environment 17-I0 17.4.1 S-IC Stage Aeroheating Environment 17-10 17.4.2 S-II Stage Aeroheating Environment 17-12 17.4.3 S-IVB Stage Aeroheating Environment 17-17 18 ENVIRONMENTALCONTROLSYSTEM 18.1 Summary 18-I 18.2 S-IC Environmental Control 18-I 18.3 S-II Environmental Control 18-5 18.4 IU Environmental Control 18-5 18.4.1 Thermal Conditioning System 18-6 18.4.2 Gas Bearing Supply System 18-8 19 DATASYSTEMS 19.1 Summary 19-1 19.2 Vehicle Measurements Evaluation 19-I I!).3 Airborne Telemetry Systems 19-5 I!).4 Airborne Tape Recorders 19-5 19.5 RFSystems Evaluation 19-7 19.5.1 Telemetry System RF Propagation Evaluation 19-7 19.5.2 Tracking Systems RF Propagation Evaluation 19-8 ix TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Section Page 19.5.3 CommandSystems RF Evaluation 19-9 19.6 Optical Instrumentation 19-13 20 MASS CHARACTERISTICS 20.1 Summary 20-I 20.2 MassEvaluation 20-I 21 MISSIONOBJECTIVESACCOMPLISHMENT 21-I 22 FAILURES, ANOMALIES AND DEVIATIONS 22.1 Summary 22-I 22.2 System Failures