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Print shows through as there is text on both sides of p age________ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages_________ 8. Print exceeds margin requirements_______ 9. Tightly bound copy with print lost in spine_________ 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print________ 11. Page(s)______________ lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled pages 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received 16. Other University Microfilms International POLLEN WALL ULTRASTRUCTURE AND DEVELOPMENT IN SELECTED GYMNOSPERMS DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by Marie Helena Kurmann, d i p l . Natw. ETH, M.S. ***** The Ohio State University 1986 Reading Committee: Dr. W.A. Jensen Approved by Dr. G.L. Floyd Dr. F.D. Sack L) JUjua---- Adviser Department of Botany @ 1986 MARIE HELENA KURMANN All rights reserved Meinen Eltern gewidmet ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank with deepest sincerity the members of the Graduate Studies Committee of the Department of Botany for their time and support. I also wish to thank the members of my reading committee, Drs. William A. Jensen, Gary L. Floyd and Fred D. Sack for their helpful suggestions and comments. Dr. Thomas N. Taylor, Department of Botany, and Dr. Robert M. Pfister, Department of Microbiology, are acknowledged for providing facilities to carry out research. Special thanks go to my fellow graduate students Kathleen Pigg, Louise Lewis, Linda Mull-Young and Finlay Bryan and to Dr. Sara P. Stubblefield for their thoughtful assistance and inspirations. Most importantly, I thank my husband, Dr. Chris H ill, for his support and love, which made th is a l l worthwhile. VITA October 10, 1955........................Born - Menznau, Luzern, Switzerland 1978 - 1979....................................Graduate Teaching Assistant, Swiss Federal I n s titu te of Technology, Zfirich, Switzerland 197 9......................................................Diploma, Swiss Federal I n s titu te of Technology, Ztirich, Switzerland 1979 - 1981..................................... Student Exchange Fellow, Kansas S ta te U niversity, Manhattan, Kansas 1981......................................................Graduate Teaching Assistant, Kansas S ta te U niversity, Manhat t an , Kansas 1981......................................................M.S., Kansas State U niversity, Manhat ta n , Kansas 1981 - 1983....................................Graduate Teaching Assistant, The Ohio S tate U niversity, Columbus, Ohio 198 2......................................................Student Scholarship Award, American A ssociation of Stratigraphic Palynologists 1983 - 1985..................................... Graduate Research Assistant, The Ohio S tate U niversity, Columbus, Ohio 1985......................................................Graduate School Alumni Research Award, The Ohio S tate U niversity Columbus, Ohio 1985 - 1986....................................Presidential Fellow, The Ohio S tate U niversity, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS Kurmann, M.H. & T.N. Taylor, 1984: Comparative ultrastructure of the sphenophyte spores Elaterites and Equisetum. Grana 23: 109 - 116. Kurmann, M.H. & T.N. Taylor, 1984: The u ltra s tru c tu re of Boulaya fertilis (Medullosales) pollen. Pollen Spores 26: 109 - 116. Kurmann, M.H., 1985: An opal phytolith and palynomorph study of extant and fossil soils in Kansas (U.S.A.). Palaeogeogr., P alaeoclim atol., Palaeoecol. 49: 217 - 235 . Taylor, T.N. & M.H. Kurmann, 1985: Boulavatheca, th e new name for the seed fern pollen organ Boulaya. Taxon 34: 666 - 667. Archangelsky, S., Taylor, T.N. & M.H. Kurmann, 1986: Ultrastructural studies of fossil plant cuticles: Ticoa harrisii from the early Cretaceous of Argentina. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 92: 101 - 116. Kurmann, M.H. & T.N. Taylor (in p ress): Sporoderm ultrastructure of Lophosoria and Cvatheacidites: systematic and evolutionary implications. PI. Syst. Evol. Archangelsky, S., Taylor, T.N. & M.H. Kurmann (in p re s s ): Ultrastructural studies of fossil plant cuticles. II. Tarphvderma gen. n . , a Cretaceous conifer from Argentina. Amer. J. Bot. PUBLISHED ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS PRESENTED AT PROFESSIONAL MEETINGS Kurmann, M.H., 1980: Oekologische Untersuchungen von Trespen-Halbtrockenrasen in der Nordschweiz, mit besonderer Berticksichtigung der Wurzelsysteme. Ber. Geobot. Inst. ETH, Stiftg. Riibel, Ztirich, Heft 47: 26. Kurmann, M.H., 1982: An opal phytolith and palynomorph study of extant and fossil soils in Kansas. Ohio J. Sci. 82: 18. V Kurmann, M.H., 1982: The ultrastructure of Elaterites trlferens spores. Bot. Soc. Amer. Misc. Ser. Publ. 162: 59 - 60. Kurmann, M.H. & T.N. Taylor, 1983: Carboniferous seed fern pollen ultrastructure: On the grains of Boulaya f e r t i l i s . Ohio J. S ci. 83: 17. Kurmann, M.H. & T.N. Taylor, 1983: Sphenophyte spore ultrastructure: A comparison between Elaterjtes and Equisetum. Ohio J. Sci. 83: 17 - 18. Kurmann, M.H., 1983: The u ltra s tru c tu re of pollen extracted from Boulaya fertilis. Amer. J. Bot. 70{5), Part 2: 72-73. Kurmann, M.H., 1984: Some aspects of p o llen wall development in Tsuqa canadensis. Ohio J. Sci. 84: 6 - 7. Kurmann, M.H. , 1984: Pollen wall development in selected gymnosperms. Abstr. Int. Org. Palaeob'ot. Conf. , 2nd, Edmonton, Canada. Kurmann, M.H., 1984: Pollen wall development in Tsuqa canadensis■ Abstr. Int. Palynol. Conf., 6th, Calgary, Canada: 85. Kurmann, M.H., 1984: Sporoderm ontogeny in selected gymnosperm pollen g ra in s. Ann. Meet. Amer. Assoc. Stratigr. Palynol., 17th, Arlington, Virginia: 12. Kurmann, M.H. & T.N. Taylor, 1985: The comparative ultrastructure of the fossil Cvatheacidites (Cretaceous) and extant Lophosoria spores. Ohio J. Sci. 85: 18 - 19. Archangelsky, S., Taylor, T.N. & M.H. Kurmann, 1985: Estudios ultrastructurales de cuticulas fosiles del Cretacico de Patagonia, Argentina. Palaeobot. Symp., 6th, Tucuma'n, Argentina. Kurmann, M.H., 1985: Comparative sporoderm ultrastructure of Cretaceous Cvatheacidites and extant Lophosoria. Amer. J. Bot. 72: 923 - 924. Archangelsky, S., Taylor, T.N. & M.H. Kurmann, 1985: Ultrastructure of fossil plant cuticle. Amer. J. Bot. 72: 889. vi Kurmann, M.H., 1985: Some evolutionary perspectives to the study of pollen and spore fine structure. Symposium on pollen ultrastructure. Ann. Meet. Amer. Assoc. Stratigr. Palynol., 18th, El Paso, Texas: 17. Kurmann, M.H., 1986: Pollen wall development in Abies concolor (Gord. & Glendl.) Lindl. Amer. J. Bot. 73: 632. FIELD OF STUDY Major Field: Palynology v ii TABLE OF CONTENTS p age DEDICATION..................................................................................................................ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................................................................... i i i VITA.................................................................................................................................iv LIST OF TABLES..........................................................................................................X LIST OF FIGURES.....................................................................................................xi LIST OF PLATES.....................................................................................................x ii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................1 Exine stratification................................................................7