DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit THE LEBANON WAR 2006 - A country between terror and resistance Verfasserin Karin Rammerstorfer angestrebter akademischer Grad Magistra der Philosophie (Mag. Phil.) Wien, 2008 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 300 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Politikwissenschaft Betreuer: Univ.-Doz. Dr. John Bunzl INDEX MAPS ..................................................................................................................... - 5 - ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ................................................................... - 6 - INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. - 10 - 1. WEAK STATES ............................................................................................ - 14 - 1.1 Spillover effects from weak states ................................................................................................... - 16 - 1.1.1 Terrorism ....................................................................................................................................... - 16 - 1.1.2 Weapon Proliferation ..................................................................................................................... - 17 - 1.1.3 Environmental Degradation ........................................................................................................... - 18 - 1.1.4 Transnational Organized Crime ..................................................................................................... - 18 - 1.1.5 Pandemics ...................................................................................................................................... - 19 - 1.2 Weak State Lebanon ......................................................................................................................... - 19 - 1.2.1 Failed State Index .......................................................................................................................... - 22 - 1.3 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... - 23 - 2. SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF LEBANON ......................................................... - 24 - 2.1 Sects.................................................................................................................................................... - 24 - 2.1.1 The Maronites ................................................................................................................................ - 24 - 2.1.2 The Druzes ..................................................................................................................................... - 25 - 2.1.3 Sunnis ............................................................................................................................................. - 25 - 2.1.4 Shiites ............................................................................................................................................. - 26 - 2.1.5 Other communities ......................................................................................................................... - 27 - 2.1.5.1 The Palestinians in Lebanon...................................................................................................... - 28 - 2.2 Confessionalism ................................................................................................................................. - 32 - 3. HEZBOLLAH ................................................................................................ - 34 - 3.1 The beginning of Hezbollah ............................................................................................................. - 35 - 3.1.1 Socio-economic and political reasons ............................................................................................ - 35 - 3.1.2 The Amal movement ...................................................................................................................... - 36 - 3.1.3 Israel’s invasion in Lebanon .......................................................................................................... - 36 - 3.2 Ideology and worldview .................................................................................................................... - 38 - 3.3 Goals .................................................................................................................................................. - 40 - 3.4 Financing Hezbollah ......................................................................................................................... - 41 - 3.5 Hassan Nasrallah speech .................................................................................................................. - 41 - 3.6 Hezbollah’s electorate....................................................................................................................... - 42 - 3.7 Hezbollah’s demonization of Israel ................................................................................................. - 43 - - 2 - 3.8 Syria and Iran’s role in Lebanon .................................................................................................... - 44 - 3.9 Teheran-Damascus Connection ....................................................................................................... - 45 - 3.10 Iran-Hezbollah relation .................................................................................................................... - 46 - 3.11 Lebanon’s view of the Hezbollah ..................................................................................................... - 47 - 3.12 Terror List ......................................................................................................................................... - 48 - 4. CHRONOLOGY OF THE LEBANON WAR 2006 ......................................... - 50 - 4.1 Before the outbreak of hostilities ..................................................................................................... - 50 - 4.2 The beginning of the Lebanon War 2006 ........................................................................................ - 51 - 4.3 International positions to the war ................................................................................................... - 57 - 4.4 Position of Lebanon in the war ........................................................................................................ - 58 - 5. UN ATTACKS ............................................................................................... - 59 - 6. WAR PLANS ................................................................................................. - 62 - 6.1 The real reasons of Israel’s invasion ............................................................................................... - 62 - 6.2 Results of the war plan ..................................................................................................................... - 63 - 6.3 Israel’s war goals .............................................................................................................................. - 63 - 6.4 War Strategies ................................................................................................................................... - 65 - 7. UN RESOLUTION 1701 ................................................................................ - 66 - 7.1 The Text of the Resolution ............................................................................................................... - 67 - 7.2 Siniora’s Seven-Point-Plan ............................................................................................................... - 68 - 7.3 Results ................................................................................................................................................ - 71 - 7.4 The different views ........................................................................................................................... - 71 - 7.4.1 The United Nations view on the Resolution .................................................................................. - 71 - 7.4.2 The Lebanese Government’s view on the Resolution .................................................................... - 73 - 7.4.3 Israel’s view on the Resolution ...................................................................................................... - 74 - 7.4.4 Hezbollah’s view on the Resolution .............................................................................................. - 75 - 8. INTERNATIONAL LAW ASPECTS OF THE WAR....................................... - 77 - 8.1 War crimes ........................................................................................................................................ - 79 - 8.1.1 Possible war crimes committed by Israel ....................................................................................... - 80 - 8.1.2 Possible war crimes committed by Hezbollah ............................................................................... - 81 - 8.1.3 Cluster bombs ................................................................................................................................ - 83 - 8.1.4 Phosphorus bombs ......................................................................................................................... - 84 - 8.1.5 The Bombing of Qana ...................................................................................................................