Routledge History of World les History of Volume I World Philosophies . ^s^o of Since the publication ofthe first volumes in 1993, the prestigious Routledge History of Philosophy, edited by G. H. R. Parkinson and S. G. Shanker, has established itself as the most comprehensive chronological survey of Western philosophy available. It discusses all the most important philo- 3- sophical movements from the sixth century B. C. up to the present day. All the major figures in Western philosophy are covered in detail in these volumes. These philosophers are clearly situated within the cultural and EDITED BY scientific context of this time. Within the main corpus of the Routledge History of Philosophy, the Seyyed Hossein Nasr Jewish and Islamic traditions are discussed in the context of Western and Oliver Leaman philosophy, with which they are inextricably linked. The History of Islamic Philosophy and The History of Jewish Philosophy are designed to supple- ment the core volumes by dealingspecifically with these rwo philosophical traditions; they provide extensive analysis of all the most significant ^^^^ thinkers and concepts. In keeping with the rest of the series, each addi- tional volume has a comprehensive index and bibliography, and includes chapters by some of the most influential scholars in the field. They will form the first volumes of a new series, Routledge History of World Philosophies. 0^0 * Franc' London and New York Contents ^^.^^ First published 1996 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Roudedge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Notes on contributors xii Reprinted 1997 and 1999 Preface xvii First published in paperback 2001 Transiiteration and style xix Reprinted 2003 Introduction 1 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group Oliver Leaman Selectionand editorial matter © 1996, 2001 SeyyedHossein Nasr and Oliver Leaman Individual chapters © 1996, 2001 the contributors Introduction 11 Printed and bound in Great Britain by Seyyed Hossein Nasr T. J. International Ltd., Padstow, Cornwall All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted pr reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafterinvented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storageor retrieval system, without I Religious, intellectual and cultural context permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data 1 The meaning and concept of philosophy in Islam 2 1 A catalogue record for this book is available from Seyyed Hossein Nasr the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguingin PublicationData 2 The Qur'an and Hadith as source and inspiration of A cataloguerecord for this book has been requested Islamic philosophy 27 ISBN0-415-05667-5 (Hbk) Seyyed Hossein Nasr ISBN 0-415-25934-7(Pbk) 3 The Greek and Syriac background 40 F. E. Peters 4 The Indian and Persian background 52 Syed Nomanul Haq 5 Early katSm. 71 M. Abdel Haleem CONTENTS CONTENTS 6 The transmission of Greek philosophy to the 19 Al-Ghazzali 258 Islamic world 89 Massimo Campanini Yegane Shayegan 7 Sunni kalam and theological controversies 105 Ill Islamic philosophers in the Western lands of Islam James Pavlin 20 Ibn Masarrah 277 8 Twelve-Imam Shi'ite theological and philosophical Lenn E. Goodman thought 119 Abbas Muhajirani 21 Ibn Bajjah 294 Lenn E. Goodman 9 Isma'ili philosophy 144 Azim Nanji 22 Ibn Tufayl 313 Lenn E. Goodman 10 Islamic humanism in the fourth/tenth century 155 Oliver Leaman 23 Ibn Rushd 330 Dominique Urvoy II Early Islamic philosophers in the East 24 Ibn Sab'in 346 Abu'l-Wafa al-Taftazani and Oliver Leaman 11 Al-Kindl 165 Felix Klein-Franke 25 Ibn Khaldun 350 Abderrahmane Lakhsassi 12 Al-Rrabi 178 Deborah L. Black IV Philosophy and the mystical tradition 13 Muhammad ibn Zafeariyya' al-Razi 198 Lenn E. Goodman 26 Introduction to the mystical tradition 367 Seyyed Hossein Nasr 14 Al-'Amiri 216 Everett K. Rowson 27 'Ayn al-Qudat Hamadam and the intellectual climate of his times 374 15 The Brethren of Purity (Ikhwan al-Safa') 222 Hamid Dabashi lan Richard Netton 28 Shihab al-Din Suhrawardi: founder of the Illuminationist 16 Ibn Sina 231 school 434 Shams Inati Hossein Ziai 17 Ibn Sma's "Oriental philosophy" 247 29 The liluminationist tradition 465 Hossein Nasr Hossein Ziai 18 Ibn Miskawayh 252 30 Ibn 'Arabi 497 Oliver Leaman William C. Chittick VI Vll CONTENTS CONTENTS 31 The school of Ibn 'Arabi 510 43 Maimonides 725 William C. Chittick Alexander Broadie 44 Gersonides: Levi ben Gershom 739 V Later Islamic philosophy Gad Freudenthal 32 Khwajah Naslr al-Din al-Tusi: the philosopher/vizier and 45 Judaism and Sufism 755 the intellectual climate of his times 527 Paul B. Fenton Hamid Dabashi 46 Jewish Averroism 769 33 From al-Tusi to the School of Isfahan 585 Oliver Leaman John Cooper 34 Mir Damad and the founding of the "School of Isfahan" 597 Hamid Dabashi VII Philosophy and its parts 35 Mulla Sadra: his life and wor3<s 635 Hossein Ziai 47 Metaphysics 783 Charles Genequand 36 Mulla Sadra: his teachings 643 Seyyed Hossein Nasr 48 Logic 802 Shams Inati 37 Shah Waliullah 663 Rahimuddin Kemal and Salim Kemal 49 Epistemology 824 Sari Nuseibeh VI The Jewish philosophical tradition in the Islamic 50 Political philosophy 841 cultural world Hans Daiber 38 Introduction 673 51 Literature 886 Oliver Leaman Shams Inati and Elsayed Omran 39 Jewish philosophy in the Islamic world 677 52 Language 898 Arthur Hyman Shukri B. Abed 40 Saadiah Gaon al-Fayyumi 696 53 Science 926 Lenn'E. Goodman Osman Bakar 41 Ibn Gabirol 712 54 Mysticism 947 Irene Lancaster Mahmud Erol Kilif 42 Judah Halevi 718 55 Ethics 959 Barry Kogan Daniel H. Frank Vlll IX CONTENTS CONTENTS 56 Aesthetics 969 X Interpretation of Islamic philosophy in the West Salim Kemal 68 Orientalism and Islamic philosophy 1143 57 Law 979 Oliver Leaman Norman Colder 69 Henry Corbin: his work and influence 1149 Pierre Lory VIII Later transmission and interpretation 70 Islamic philosophy in Russia and the Soviet Union 1156 58 Medieval Christian and Jewish Europe 1001 Alexander Knysh John Marenbon 71 The possibility of a philosophy of Islam 1162 59 Modern Western philosophy 1013 Shabbir Akhtar Catherine Wilson 60 The poetic medium: a case study 1030 XI Bibliography Branko Aleksic A guide to bibliographical resources 1173 Oliver Leaman IX Islamic philosophy in the modern Islamic world General introductions to Islamic philosophy 1177 61 Persia 1037 Oliver Leaman Mehdi Aminrazavi Index to Parts I and II 1180 62 India 1051 Hafiz A. Ghaffar Khan 63 Pakistan 1076 M. Suheyl Umar 64 The Arab world 1082 Ibrahim M. Abu-Rabi' 65 Egypt 1115 Massimo Campanini 66 Turkey 1129 Mehmet Aydin 67 South-east Asia 1134 Zailan Moris Xl.