Maunakea Invasive Species Management Plan The endemic Hawaiian Wēkiu Bug (Nysius wekiuicola) feeding on an introduced Flesh Fly (Sarcophagid). Technical Report 191 February 2015 Prepared by: Casper Vanderwoude1, Frederick Klasner2, Jessica Kirkpatrick2, Springer Kaye3 1Hawai‘i Ant Lab, Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai’i, 16 E. Lanikaula St. Hilo, HI 96720. Email: [email protected] 2Office of Mauna Kea Management 640 N. A‘ohōkū Place. Hilo, HI 96720 3Big Island Invasive Species Committee 23 E. Kawili St. Hilo, HI 96720 A cooperative effort of: Office of Maunakea Management University of Hawai`i at Hilo -and- The Hawai`i-Pacific Islands Cooperative Ecosystems Studies Unit & Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai`i at Mānoa PCSU is a cooperative program between the University of Hawai`i and U.S. National Park Service, Cooperative Ecological Studies Unit. Organization Contact Information: Casper Vanderwoude, [email protected] Recommended Citation: Vanderwoude, C., F. Klasner, J. Kirkpatrick and S. Kaye. 2015. Maunakea Invasive Species Management Plan. Technical Report No. 191. Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, University of Hawai‘i, Honolulu, Hawai‘i. 84 pp. Key words: Invasive species, IAS, management plan, weeds, prevention, response, monitoring Place key words: Hawaii, Mauna Kea, Maunakea Science Reserve, Halepōhaku, astronomy precinct, Office of Maunakea Management Editor: David C. Duffy, PCSU Unit Leader (Email: [email protected]) Series Editor: Clifford W. Morden, PCSU Deputy Director (Email: [email protected]) About this technical report series: This technical report series began in 1973 with the formation of the Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa. In 2000, it continued under the Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit (PCSU). The Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa works to protect cultural and natural biodiversity in the Pacific while encouraging a sustainable economy. PCSU works cooperatively with private, state and federal land management organizations, allowing them to pool and coordinate their efforts to address problems across the landscape. TABLE OF CONTENTS Section 1. Introduction and Background ....................................................................................................................... 4 Foreword ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Background ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Organization ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Geography of the Management Area ................................................................................................................................................. 6 Halepōhaku ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Road Corridor .................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Astronomy Precinct ...................................................................................................................................................... 8 Mauna Kea Science Reserve ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Natural Area Reserve (NAR) ..................................................................................................................................... 9 Policies for Management of Invasive Species on Maunakea ................................................................................................. 10 Section 2. Prevention .......................................................................................................................................................... 11 Potential Invasive Species: Threats and Impacts ...................................................................................................................... 11 Plants ................................................................................................................................................................................ 11 Vertebrates ..................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Invertebrates ................................................................................................................................................................. 14 Traits of Invasive Ants ............................................................................................................................................... 14 Potential Threat Pathways .................................................................................................................................................................. 18 Vehicles and Vessels ................................................................................................................................................... 19 Goods and Other Commodities .............................................................................................................................. 19 People ............................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Regulated Pathways ............................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Vehicles and Vessels ................................................................................................................................................... 20 Commodities .................................................................................................................................................................. 20 People and Possessions ............................................................................................................................................. 20 Non‐Regulated Pathways ..................................................................................................................................................................... 21 Vehicles and Vessels ................................................................................................................................................... 21 Commodities .................................................................................................................................................................. 21 People and Possessions ............................................................................................................................................. 21 Analysis of Threat Pathways and Proposed Management Options ................................................................................... 21 Recommended Prevention Strategy ................................................................................................................................................ 25 Section 3. Monitoring for New and Established Invasive Species .................................................................... 29 General Principles .................................................................................................................................................................................... 29 Analysis of Risk: Management Zones .............................................................................................................................................. 29 Halepōhaku .................................................................................................................................................................... 29 Roadway Corridor ....................................................................................................................................................... 30 Astronomy Precinct .................................................................................................................................................... 30 Mauna Kea Science Reserve .................................................................................................................................... 31 Analysis of Risk: Potential Threat Species .................................................................................................................................... 33 Plants ................................................................................................................................................................................ 33 Vertebrates ..................................................................................................................................................................... 39 Arthropods ....................................................................................................................................................................