Contributors David M. Cutler Makoto Kawamura Department of Economics Department of Economics Harvard University Hosei University Cambridge, MA 02138 4342 Aihara-machi Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-0298, Japan Jeffery Geppert National Bureau of Economic Masafumi Kuzuya Research Department of Geriatrics 30 Alta Road Graduate School of Medicine Stanford, CA 94305-8715 Nagoya University 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku Akihiko Iguchi Nagoya 466-8550, Japan Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya University Yuichiro Masuda 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku Department of Geriatrics Nagoya 466-8550, Japan Graduate School of Medicine Nagoya University Tamotsu Kadoda 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku Department of Economics Nagoya 466-8550, Japan Daito Bunka University 1-9-1 Takashimadaiva Mark McClellan Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 175-8571, Japan Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Koichi Kawabuchi 200 Independence Avenue, SW Tokyo Medical and Dental University Room 3 14G Division of Public Health-Health Washington, DC 20201 Care Economics 1-5-45 Yushima Kathleen McGarry Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549,Japan Department of Economics University of California, Los Angeles Box 951477 Los Angeles, CA 90095-1477 247 248 Contributors Haruko Noguchi Wataru Suzuki Faculty of Social Science Department of Education Toyo Eiwa University Tokyo Gakugei University 32 Miho-cho, Midori-ku 4-1- 1 NukuiKita-machi, Koganei-city Yokohama Kanagawa 226-001 5, Japan Tokyo 184-8501,Japan Seiritsu Ogura David A. Wise Department of Economics Harvard University Hosei University John E Kennedy School of 4342 Aihara-machi Government Machida-shi, Tokyo 194-0298, Japan 79 John F. Kennedy Street Cambridge, MA 02138 Jonathan Skinner Department of Economics Naohiro Yashiro Dartmouth College Department of Economics 6106 Rockefeller Hall tnternational Christian University Hanover. NH 03755 3-10-2 Osawa, Mitaka-shi Tokyo 181-8585, Japan Shigeru Sugihara Osaka School of International Public Yanfei Zhou Policy The Japan Institute for Labour Policy 1-31 Machikaneyama-cho and Training Toyonaka city, Osaka 560-0043, Japan 4-8-23 Kamishakuji-i, Nerima-ku Tokyo 177-8502,Japan Reiko Suzuki Japan Center for Economic Research Nikkei Kayabacho Bldg. 6- 1, Nihombashi Kaydbacho 2-chome Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0025,Japan .