Additional Records and Notes on Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Hawaii ALAN J. KOHN! and CLIFTON S. WEAVER SINCE PUBLICATION of a descriptive account of populations do not appear to be maintained in the species of Conus in Hawaii (Kahn, 1959) the Line Islands, C. abbreviatus should no longer several additional species have been collected, be regarded as endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. and study of additional material has led to the Note added 16 Feb 1962: In June 1961, Mr. discovery of a major error in the previous re­ John H. Roberts, Jr., collected a living specimen port. We correct this error here, discuss the of C. abbreviatus, measuring 22 X 16 mm, that recently discovered species, and provide new was burrowing in sand in a tidal channel at a information on appearance of soft parts, maxi­ depth of 1 m at Eniwetok Island, Eniwetok mum size, and vertical distribution of several Atoll, Marshall Islands, more than 2,500 miles species. from Hawaii. The Pele Expedition of May-Sep 1959 dredged from sites off Oahu and Maui much of Conus acutangulus Lamarck the material reported on here. Fig. la-b The descriptive terminology in this paper Conus acutangulus Lamarck, 1810. Ann. Mus.. follows Cox (1960). Names of colors of shells Hist. Nat., Paris, 15: 286. are those of the Inter-Society Color Council­ National Bureau of Standards (ISCC-NBS) In the synonymy of this species in the ear­ (Kelly and Judd, 1955), obtained with the stand­ lier report (Kahn, 1959) Conus eugrammatus ards of Ridgway (1912). Colors of soft parts in Bartsch and Rehder (1943) is listed incorrectly life are subjective and were not compared with as a junior synonym. It is now known to be a standards. distinct species and is discussed in detail below. We have had the opportunity to examine liv­ Conus abbreviatus Reeve ing specimens of C. acutangulus collected by the Pele Expedition. In these the periostracum is Conus abbreviatus Reeve, 1843. Conch. Icon. very thin, translucent, smooth, and brown, not . 1: pI. 16, sp. 86. grayish white as indicated from long-dead speci­ C. abbreviatus has been considered (Kohn, mens by Kahn (1959). The anterior portion of 1959) endemic to the Hawaiian archipelago. the sale of the foot is buff and the posterior half We know of no reports in the literature of spe­ is light purplish brown. The siphon is buff at cimens from elsewhere, and none are present in the tip and darker tan proximally. The rostrum the large collections of Indo-West Pacific mol­ is buff. Further descriptive information on the luscs in the major museums of Washington, shell is given in the remarks under C. eugram­ Philadelphia, Cambridge, San Francisco, Hono­ matus below, in which the two species are lulu, London, Cardiff, Copenhagen, Geneva, compared. Paris, Vienna, Brussels, and Stockholm. The depth range of C. acutangulus given pre­ In April 1958, Mr. Harold G. Jewell col­ viously (Kahn, 1959) erroneously included some lected a living specimen of C. abbreviatus, meas­ records of C. eugrammatus. C. acutangulus has. uring 22 X 15 mm, in 1-3 m of water offshore been collected alive off the south coast of Oahu from the cable station at Fanning Island, more (USNM 338566, 338567, 338568, Pele Expedi­ than 900 miles south of Hawaii. Although stable tion) and off Lahaina, Maui (USNM 338569,. Pele Expedition), mainly in depths of 8-100 m, 1 Department of Zoology, University of Washing­ ton, Seattle, Washington. Manuscript received Aug although some Pele Expedition specimens are 23, 1961. labeled "35-75 fathoms." 349 350 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XVI, October 1962 FIG. 1. a-b, Conus acutangutus Lamarck. a, Specimen collected by Pele Expedition, off Keehi Lagoon, Oahu, 70-150 m; 24 X 11.4 mm. b, Derail of spire; USNM 338568, off Pearl Harbor, Oahu, 25-50 m. c-e, C. eugrammatus Bartsch and Rehder. c, Holotype, USNM 173213, Molokai, 30 X 16 m; d, specimen collected by Pe1e Expedition, off Keehi Lagoon, Oahu, 150 m, 21.5 X 10 mm; e, detail of spire of specimen shown in d. b, e, Treated with NH,Cl, after Glaessner (1947). Conus capitaneus Linnaeus Conus circumactis Iredale Conus capitaneus Linnaeus, 1758. Syst. Nat., Conus circumactis Iredale, 1929. Mem. ed. 10, p. 713. Queensland Mus. 9: 28l. The smaller shell illustrated in figure 2 of Visible portions of the foot of living speci­ Kahn (1959) was misidentified as a young speci­ mens are now known to be pale lemon yellow. men of C. capitaneus. This specimen is now known to be a young C. vexillum Gmelin, as is discussed below under that species. C. capitaneus Conus eugrammatus Bartsch and Rehder is thus known in Hawaii from only one speci­ Fig.1c-e men, which was collected alive and is the larger Conus eugrammatus Bartsch and Rehder, shell shown in figure 2 of Kahn (1959). 1943. Proc. BioI. Soc. Wash. 56: 85. Hawaii Conus-KOHN and WEAVER 351 Conus eugrammatus Dall, Bartsch and Reh­ 29 to 45 % of the LOtal shell length and averaged der. Greene, 1953, Ann. Rept. Amer. Ma­ 37 %. The range in 10 specimens of C. eugram­ Jacol. Union Bull. 20: 28. matus was 20-33% and the average was 29'%. ? Asprelta wakayamensis Kuroda, 1956. The difference is significant at the .01 level of Venus, Jap. Jour. Mal. 19: 9, pI. 1, fig. 2. probability (Wilcoxon test; Tate and Clelland, 1957). DESCRIPTION: Shell small, rather thin. Last In both species, the last whorl is engraved whorl elongate; sides nearly straight; a few with many distinct, rather broad, punctured closely spaced spiral striae near the shoulder, fol­ spiral grooves. In C. aeutangulus, the grooves lowed abapically by spiral, punctured grooves and the intervening broad, flat ridges are of separated by broad, flat ridges evenly spaced uniform width over the adapical half of the last adapically but more closely and unequally spaced whorl (Fig. la). In C. eugrammatus, a few basally. Aperture narrow; outer lip protracted. closely spaced spiral striae precede the typical Shoulder angular; spire elevated, occupying sculpture at the adapicaI part of the last whorl 20-33% of total shell length, turreted,-sli.,ghtly (Fig. Ie-d). concave, marked by rather weak, sfender, pro­ The ground color of the shells of both species traxially curved (opisthocyrt) axial riblets and is white. In C. aeutangulus, the last whorl bears obscure striae (Fig. Ie). Early (4-6) whorls broad moderate brown axial markings, which weakly nodulose, later whorls smooth (Fig. may form two poorly defined, interrupted spiral Ie-e). Last whorl white, marked wi.th strong bands at either side of the center. Rows of dis­ yellowish-brown subquadrate spots mainly con­ tantly spaced spots of the same color on the fined to the ridges and variably widely spaced ridges mark the areas between and outside the (Fig. Id), or condensed to form two or three bands (Fig. la). In C. eugrammatus, the mark­ interrupted spiral bands (Fig. Ie). Spire marked ings on the body whorl consist mainly of strong with widely spaced strong brown irregular or yellowish-brown subquadrate spots confined to subquadrate spots. Periostracum very thin, yel­ the ridges, but these may be condensed cen­ lowish-brown, translucent, smooth. trally and near the shoulder and base to form LENGTH: To 31 mm. two or three spiral bands (Fig. Ie). Freshly col­ HOLOTYPE: USNM 173213; 30 X 16 mm; lected specimens of C. aeutangulus (Fig. la) in Fig. Ie. general are more darkly colored and show less TYPE LOCALITY: "Albatross" sta.3889, off of the white ground than do those of C. eugram­ north coast of Molokai near Mokapu Islet. matus (Fig. Id). In both species, the color pat­ REMARKS: Re-examination of the holotype tern of the spire resembles that of the last whorl. and other specimens in the U.S. National Mu­ C. eugrammatus was described from speci­ seum, as well as of material collected by the Pele mens dredged by the U.S. Bureau of Fisheries Expedition, has led to the conclusion that C. steamer "Albatross" in 106-422 m. This ma­ eugrammatus and C. aeutangulus are distinct terial consists of five specimens, of which four species. were certainly dead when collected, from off the The most pronounced differences in the shells north coast of Molokai, off the south coast of are as follows: In C. aeutangulus the sculpture Oahu, and in the Pailolo Channel, near Maui of the spire consists of >-shaped axial riblets (USNM 173213,190415,205998,335304). One intersected by a spiral stria at the point of the > specimen (USNM 190415) may well have been and one or two others toward the shoulder (Fig. alive when collected, but this is not certain. The Ib). All whorls are nodulose or subcoronate, Pele Expedition obtained two empty shells at although coronation of the last whorl may be ob­ depths of 140-160 m off Keehi Lagoon, Oahu. solete (Fig. la-b). In C. eugrammatus the spiral Although in general the records of C. eugram­ sculpture is weaker. Most prominent are slender, matus are from deeper water than those of C. protraxially curved axial riblets (Fig. Ie). The aeutangulus, dead shells do not reliably indicate early whorls (first 4-6) are subcoronate; the the habitat of the living gastropod. Unfortu­ later whorls are smooth. The height of the spire nately, the depth of the only "Albatross" speci­ of 15 specimens of C. aeutangulus ranged from men which may have been collected alive is 352 PACIFIC SCIENCE, Vol. XVI, October 1962 given only as "211-53 fathoms." All other shells Conus bandanus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792. of C. eugrammatus seen by us were drilled by Ene.