International Journal of Forensic Sciences MEDWIN PUBLISHERS ISSN: 2573-1734 Committed to Create Value for Researchers Trace Evidence: A Versatile Key in Forensic Investigation Athar M* Commentary Department of forensic Science, Institute for Excellence in Higher Education, India Volume 5 Issue 2 Received Date: May 14, 2020 *Corresponding author: Mohammad Athar, Department of Forensic Science Institute for Published Date: July 01, 2020 Excellence in Higher Education, India, Tel: 9826047806; Email: [email protected] DOI: 10.23880/ijfsc-16000193 Commentary Trace evidence is created when objects contact material be transferred when two objects they come in contact with is often transferred by heat or induced by contact friction the each other or then some small particles are dispersed by an importance of trace evidence and criminal investigations was action or movement for example paint can be transferred shown by Dr. Edmond Locard in the early 20th century. Since from one vehicle to another when a collision happens. then forensic scientists fused trace evidence to reconstruct crimes and to describe the people places and things involved Similarly another example you can see here can be left in them studies of homicides published in the forensic on a cloth during a physical attack like especially the rape science literature show how trace evidence is used to solve cases reconstruction of an event can be done with the aid of crimes trace evidence is important an accident investigation these evidences or they may indicate that a person or that where movement of one part against another will often particular thing was present so these provide very crucial leave a telltale mark such analysis is of great use in forensic information in solving the cases suspicious collection of engineering vehicular accident reconstruction relies on materials from a crime scene can yield ample amount of such marks to estimate vehicle speed before and during an information about various sample came from and how it aids accident as well as braking and impact forces fabric prints of to reconstruct the story scientist analyze the physical optical clothing borne by pedestrians in the paint and/or road grime and chemical properties of trace evidence and use a variety a hit-and-run collision. In this particular we shall understand sources or the common origin of each item most test methods aboutof the strikingthe analysis vehicle of tracecan match evidence a specific and when vehicle we involved do so we in requireof tools microscopyto find and compareand/or chemical samples analysisand then because look for they the will be studying about what are the trace evidence how to are very any piece of evidence enough of the information collect the trace evidence then ultimately when you have can be disclosed about what happened at a scene such as collected the trace evidence how the forensic examination whether an item or body was moved or whether someone of the trace evidence is done and then you should also be was assaulted from rear side or from the side or from front familiar with the characteristics of the trace evidence. others will include them in chemistry even though the same We have learnt about the management of arson cases testssome arelaboratories conducted consider in both firethe accelerantlaboratories also a suspectas trace mayand which includes an effective arson crime scene management often interact with the victim while committing crime the and you have seen that it helps a lot in suitable proceeding of environment of the crime scene or both. crime scene investigation and you studied that it is based on standard manuals and protocols the role of every concerned So this is very important to keep in mind and that’s person engaged in the arson crime scene investigation why the trace evidence become very important during this interaction the exchange of physical evidence can occur the administrator during the arson case management has been explainedand also the in detailresponsibilities and that provides of investigating a systematic officer approach or the for investigation so let us continue with this background and scientistsignificance and of he trace expressed evidence his viewsin investigation on the trace of evidencecriminal go into trace evidence any tiny fragment of physical evidence incases a philosophicalwas first discovered way and by thisDr. Edmondcan be Locardread as a followsFrench wherever he steps whatever he touches whatever he leaves of glass etc. can help tell the story of what happened at the even unconsciously will serve a silent witness against him crimesuch as scene hairs these fibers are from referred clothing to oras carpetingtrace evidence all the and pieces can not only his fingerprints or his footprints but his hair the Trace Evidence: A Versatile Key in Forensic Investigation Int J Forens Sci 2 International Journal of Forensic Sciences containers for more than two hours because microorganism leaves the paint he scratches the blood or semen he deposits start growing in it and destroy the evidence the investigator orfibers collects from allhis of clothes these theand glass more he be breaks a mute the witness tool marks against he responsible for packaging and caring should take care on the him and I add him or her this is evidence that does not forget following issues take precautions to prevent contamination it is not confused by the excitement of the moment it is not package fragile items carefully freeze are immediately absent because human witnesses are it cannot preserve itself transport items containing soil to the laboratory transport it cannot be wholly absent only its interpretation can are all volatile samples to the laboratory in a timely manner comply with shipping regulations analysis of trace evidence diminish its value so you see these words are really giving so trace material analysis starts with visual examination of the muchonly human clue that failure these to tracefind it evidence to study willand giveunderstand you so muchit can evidence using macro photography followed by microscopic information and as for in six scientists it is up to you whether analysis there are different analytical method based on you are able to analyze or not so if you are able to analyze different type of material available for analysis such as stereo microscope scanning electron microscope SEM it is used in will help you solve the case so with this background let us try x-ray analysis for selected sample area it is important in todefinitely understand there this will in morebe so detail much with crucial the helpinformation of graphics which and situations where chemical residue shows presents of unusual visuals in last century trace evidence were used by forensic elements that indicates chemical attack of the product the scientists in order to reconstruct crimes or to designate the people places and things tangled in them in order to show or scanning making use of energy dispersive spectral. the progress and practices of forensic investigations. gunshot residue can be identified using elemental analysis Several analytical method such as Gas chromatography Several case studies have been published this includes mass spectrometry and infrared spectroscopy IR are used to the use of trace evidence to solve the crime the rule of trace identify small amount of explosives volatile hydrocarbons evidence is important in accident investigation as it involves and other chemicals similar comments apply to damaged the movement of one part against another hence leave a items from an accident scene but care is needed in ensuring that the sample is not damaged by the testing or sampling for testing such non-destructive testing must always be used telltale mark few examples of trace evidences are fibers materialsglass paint as chips the capabilities fingerprints availability tire impression and networking glove prints off small samples from the item for more detailed tests Forensic comparisonhairs cosmetics databases lipsticks from plant scientist fibers andsoil manufacturersand botanical examinationfirst before considering of few of thedestructive trees evidences methods arewhich discussed taking became more tough samples of items such as paint glass below hair structure of hair follicle hair examination helps in and even soil could be compared against known standards determination of origin whether animal or human if animal the species and possibly read of the animal can be determined but in case of humans racial characteristics length an area to provide solid and consistent classifications for example of body and any treatment or damage to the body can be samplethe National of automotive automotive paint paint from file manufacturers is a Federal dating Bureau back of determined samples can be tested to determine the color Investigation’s FBI database containing more than 45,000 shape and chemical composition of the hair the presence of maintains a large database formula Express which can be toxins dyes and hair treatments are noted this information to the 1930s Sherwin Williams automotive finishes also can assist investigators in including or excluding particular individuals if the hair still has a follicle root attached DNA veryTherefore helpful identification investigators of vehicle.and analysts must consider testing may be used to identify an individual otherwise hair the potential that a product may have a new or updated from all parts of the head and four pubic hair the area should be combed for foreign hair prior to sample collection hair trace evidence collection too the collection process begins samples are primarily collected using tweezers analysis hair withversion documentation available collection of crime sceneof trace and evidence analysis offigure evidence one samples are tested primarily by microscopic comparison location several materials are used for collecting evidence items these materials include containers made up of paper shape color texture and other visual aspects of the sample wood and glass bags and envelope non-breakable and and chemical analysis microscopic comparison identifies the Lea proof containers are used for transportation of liquid dyes and other chemicals.