Translocality Studies in Global Social History Series Editor Marcel van der Linden International Institute of Social History, Amsterdam, Th e Netherlands Editorial Board Sven E. Beckert Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA Philip Bonner University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa Dirk Hoerder University of Arizona, Phoenix, AR, USA Chitra Joshi Indraprastha College, Delhi University, India Amarjit Kaur University of New England, Armidale, Australia Barbara Weinstein New York University, New York, NY, USA VOLUME 4 Translocality Th e Study of Globalising Processes from a Southern Perspective Edited by Ulrike Freitag and Achim von Oppen LEIDEN • BOSTON 2010 Cover illustration: World Map by al-Idrisi, 1154 A.D. Oxford Pococke Manuscript, Th e Bodleian Library, University of Oxford (MS. Pococke 375, fols. 3c–4r). Th is book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Translocality : the study of globalising processes from a southern perspective / edited by Ulrike Freitag and Achim von Oppen. p. cm. — (Studies in global social history, ISSN 1874-6705 ; v. 4) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-18116-8 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Emigration and immigration—Social aspects. 2. Africa—Emigration and immigration-Social aspects. 3. Asia—Emigration and immigration—Social aspects. 4. Middle East-Emigration and immigration—Social aspects. I. Freitag, Ulrike. II. Oppen, Achim von. JV6121.T73 2010 304.8’2—dc22 2009046271 ISSN 1874-6705 ISBN 978 90 04 18116 8 Copyright 2010 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, Th e Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers and VSP. All rights reserved. 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Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands CONTENTS Acknowledgments .............................................................................. ix List of Contributors ........................................................................... xi List of Maps ........................................................................................ xvii Note on Transliteration .................................................................... xix Introduction: ‘Translocality’: An Approach to Connection and Transfer in Area Studies .............................................................. 1 Ulrike Freitag/Achim von Oppen PART ONE: MARGINAL MOBILITIES Wodaabe Women and the Outside World ................................... 25 Elisabeth Boesen Chinese Women in the New Migration Process to Europe: Marginal or Main Actors? ........................................................... 55 Carine Pina-Guerassimoff Proud Fighters, Blind Men: World War Experiences of Combatants from the Arab East ................................................. 83 Katharina Lange ‘Following the Hills’: Gold Mining Camps as Heterotopias ...... 111 Katja Werthmann PART TWO: SPACES ON THE MOVE Mapping the Ocean: Visual Representations of the Indian Ocean in the Swahili Military Press during World War II .............................................................................................. 135 Katrin Bromber vi contents Regional Attractions: World and Village in Kabylia (Algeria) .......................................................................................... 159 Judith Scheele Translocal ‘Kinship’ Relations in Central African Politics of the 19th Century ........................................................................... 179 Beatrix Heintze PART THREE: LOCALITY AND BEYOND Autochthony: Local or Global? ....................................................... 207 Peter Geschiere Heritage and the Making of (Trans-)local Identities: A Case Study from the Curonian Spit (Lithuania) ................. 229 Anja Peleikis Shift ing Globalities—Changing Headgear: Th e Indian Muslims between Turban, Hat and Fez .................................... 249 Margrit Pernau Reclaiming the African City: Th e World and the Township ..... 269 Terence Ranger PART FOUR: ALTERNATE GLOBALITIES ‘Alternate’ Globalities? On the Cultures and Formats of Transnational Muslim Networks from South Asia ................. 293 Dietrich Reetz Globalisation in the Making: Translocal Gendered Spaces in Muslim Societies ....................................................................... 335 Gudrun Lachenmann About ‘Turks’ and ‘Germans’: Th e Turkish Press in Germany and the Construction of Multiple Memberships ..................... 369 Christoph Schumann contents vii Bibliography ........................................................................................ 401 Indices .................................................................................................. 441 Index of Personal Names ............................................................. 441 Index of Place Names ................................................................... 444 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Th is volume is in more than one sense a collective eff ort. Th e concept of Translocality, as discussed in this volume, has been developed and applied in an extensive research programme at Zentrum Moderner Orient (ZMO), Berlin. We express our gratitude to the main sponsors of this programme, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) and the Senate of Berlin. All those who participated in this programme in its diff erent stages between January 2000 and June 2008 as research fellows, visiting scholars or lecturers, have contributed considerably to the gradual development of the concept and its ramifi cations. We are particularly grateful to everyone who took part in the Confer- ence “Translocality: An Approach to Globalising Phenomena?” held at ZMO (September 26–28, 2006). Although it was not possible to include in this volume all papers presented at that conference, their discussions were crucial to the shaping of this book. Th e process of turning a set of papers into a book is always lengthy and arduous. Had it not been for the patient and good-humoured sup- port and co-ordination by Bettina Gräf, Sarah Jurkiewicz and Leyla von Mende, the editors might well have been lost in the process. Joy Adapon did most of the language-editing. We are grateful to Mar- cel van der Linden for the inclusion of this volume into his Studies in Global Social History series, and to Nienke Brienen-Moolenar and Hylke Faber for their support at Brill. Th e Editors, Berlin and Bayreuth, June 2009 LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS Elisabeth Boesen studied Social Anthropology at Freie Universität Berlin and at the University of Bayreuth where she obtained her Ph.D. on the topic of “Identity and Symbolic Forms of Expression among the Fulbe of Northern Benin”. As a member of a research group on modern migrations among Sahelian nomadic populations based at the Centre for Modern Oriental Studies in Berlin she continued working on the Fulbe and especially the Nigerien Wodaabe. Recently she joined a research project on identity and memory at the Université du Lux- embourg. Her publications include Mobilité et nouveaux urbains dans l’espace Sahara-Sahel: Un cosmopolitisme par le bas (2007; co-edited with Laurence Marfaing). Katrin Bromber received her Ph.D. in African Linguistics from the University of Leipzig (Germany) and her habilitation degree from the University of Vienna (Austria). She specializes in Swahili Studies with a methodological preference for text linguistics and discourse analysis. Currently she works as a research fellow at the Centre for Modern Oriental Studies in Berlin. Her books include Th e Juristiction of the Sultan of Zanzibar and the Subjects of Foreign Nations (2001), Kala Shairi: German East Africa in Swahili Poems (2003, co-edited with Gudrun Miehe, Said Khamis and Ralf Großerhode), and Globalisation and African Languages: Risks and Benefi ts (2004; co-edited with Birgit Smieja). Ulrike Freitag studied History and Islamic studies at Bonn, Damas- cus and Freiburg, where she obtained her Ph.D. with a thesis on Syr- ian historiography in the 20th century. She then taught at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) in London from 1993 until becoming director of the Centre for Modern Oriental Studies (ZMO) in 2002, in combination with a chair at the Department of Islamic Studies of the Freie Universität Berlin. Among her publications on the modern history of the Middle East and beyond is Indian Ocean Migrants and State Formation in Hadhramaut (2003), based on exten- sive research in Jemen, Singapore and Java and Hadhrami Traders, xii list of contributors Scholars and Statesmen in the Indian Ocean, 1750s–1960s (1997; co- edited with William Clarence-Smith). Peter Geschiere is professor of African Anthropology at the Uni- versity of Amsterdam (earlier at Leiden University). Since 1971 he undertook historical-anthropological fi eld-work in various parts of Cameroon and elsewhere in West Africa. His publications include Th e Modernity of Witchcraft : Politics and the Occult in Post-colonial Africa; Globalization and Identity: Dialectics of Flow and Closure (1997; co- edited with Birgit