NASA/TM—2018–219748 Assessment and Mitigation of the Effects of Noise on Habitability in Deep Space Environments: Report on Non-Auditory Effects of Noise Durand R. Begault NASA Ames Research Center January 2018 NASA STI Program…in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated • CONFERENCE PUBLICATION. to the advancement of aeronautics and space science. Collected papers from scientific and The NASA scientific and technical information (STI) technical conferences, symposia, program plays a key part in helping NASA maintain seminars, or other meetings sponsored or this important role. co-sponsored by NASA. The NASA STI program operates under the auspices • SPECIAL PUBLICATION. Scientific, of the Agency Chief Information Officer. It collects, technical, or historical information from organizes, provides for archiving, and disseminates NASA programs, projects, and missions, NASA’s STI. 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Scientific and technical findings by NASA-sponsored contractors and grantees. ii NASA/TM—2018–219748 Assessment and Mitigation of the Effects of Noise on Habitability in Deep Space Environments: Report on Non-Auditory Effects of Noise Durand R. Begault NASA Ames Research Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ames Research Center Moffett Field, California January 2018 iii Trade name and trademareks are used in this report for identification only. Their usage does not constitute an official endoresement, either expressed or implied, by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Available from: NASA STI Program STI Support Services Mail Stop 148 NASA Langley Research Center Hampton, VA 23681-2199 This report is also available in electronic form at http://www.sti.nasa.gov or http://ntrs.nasa.gov/ iv Table of Contents Acronyms and Definitions ...................................................................................................... vi 1. Application Areas of this Report ........................................................................................ 1 2. Executive Summary and Recommendations ..................................................................... 3 3. Overview of Non-Auditory Health Effects of Noise ........................................................ 4 4. Noise Measurements and Standards................................................................................... 7 5. Non-Auditory Effects of Noise Pertinent to Individual and Team Performance ............ 13 5.1 Research Outcomes ................................................................................................. 13 5.2 Discussion ................................................................................................................ 15 6. Noise Effects on Sleep Quality........................................................................................... 17 6.1 Research Outcomes ................................................................................................. 20 7. Noise and Psychological Well-Being ................................................................................ 22 7.1 Research Outcomes ................................................................................................. 22 7.2 Technologiesfor Personal Control of the Acoustic Environment ......................... 25 8. Summary .............................................................................................................................. 27 9. References ............................................................................................................................ 28 Figure 1. Noise effects and pathways considered in research .............................................. 5 Figure 2. Connections between the auditory system and the neural-muscular-glandular systems ....................................................................... 6 Figure 3. Temporal characterization of noise ........................................................................ 8 Figure 4. Noise Criteria curves and data ................................................................................ 11 Figure 5. Noise Criteria values within ISS ............................................................................ 12 Figure 6. Short-term and long-term effects of sleep disruption and methods of measurement ....................................................................................... 18 Figure 7. Indirect and direct impacts to well-being and performance via degraded sleep quality ............................................................................................................ 19 Figure 8. NC levels in various sleep moduels of the ISS...................................................... 20 Figure 9. Probability of sleep state change as a function of Lmax ......................................... 21 Figure 10. Survey responses to aircraft noise disturbance as a function of Ldn ................... 23 Table 1. Noise Measurements and Thresholds. ..................................................................... 10 Table 2. Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of Sleep Disruption ...................................... 17 Table 3. Impact of Non-Auditory Noise in Long-Term Space Habitats .............................. 27 v Acronyms and Definitions < ...................................................................... less than ~ ....................................................................... approximately ANR ................................................................. active noise reduction ARAS ............................................................... Ascending Reticular Activiating System dB ..................................................................... decibel dBA .................................................................. A-weighted sound level DSB .................................................................. Deep Space Gateway DST .................................................................. Deep Space Transport EEG .................................................................. electroencephalogram h ........................................................................ hour HFBP ................................................................ Human Factors and Behavioral Performance HPD .................................................................. hearing protection device HRP .................................................................. Human Research Program HVAC .............................................................. heating-ventilation-air conditioning system Hz ..................................................................... Hertz ISS .................................................................... International Space Station kHz ................................................................... kilohertz (1,000 Hertz) Lday ................................................................... day equivalent level Lden ................................................................... day-evening-night equivalent level Ldn .................................................................... day-night equivalent level Leq .................................................................... equivalent continuous sound level Lmax................................................................... maximum sound level Lpk .................................................................... instantaneous peak level ms ..................................................................... millisecond NASA ............................................................... National Aeronautics and Space Administration NBC .................................................................. balanced noise-criterion curves NC....................................................................