NEAR EAST UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION THE IMPACT OF COLLABORATIVE WRITING AND THE STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS TECHNIQUE ON WRITING PhD THESIS Çelen DİMİLİLER Nicosia September 2017 NEAR EAST UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION THE IMPACT OF COLLABORATIVE WRITING AND THE STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS TECHNIQUE ON WRITING PhD THESIS Çelen DİMİLİLER Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa KURT Nicosia September 2017 1 2 DECLARATION I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all materials and results that are not original to this study. Name, last name: Çelen Dimililer Signature: ...................................... 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Since I started doing my PhD I have realized that without the support of my family, I could not have enrolled in doing a PHD study. I would like to thank my amazing family for the love, support, and constant encouragement I have got over the years. Thank you for being with me and helping my life. I would like to thank my mother Huriye Dimililer and my late father Yahya Dimililer. My brother Kamil Dimililer and Ahmet Güneyli’s assistance have also been greatly appreciated. I thank my supervisor Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Kurt for helping me in overcoming the difficulties related to the development of this project. I undoubtedly could not have done this without him. I would like to thank and dedicate this thesis to my late father Yahya Dimililer. 4 ABSTRACT THE IMPACT OF COLLABORATIVE WRITING AND THE STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS TECHNIQUE ON WRITING Dimililer, Çelen PhD Program in English Language Education Supervisor, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mustafa Kurt September, 2017, 157 pages This experimental research study attempted to examine the effectiveness of an advanced writing course integrating collaborative writing and the stream of consciousness technique. The writing course was designed for eleven undergraduate English as a foreign language students studying at the English language teaching department. Adopting a mixed methods research design, qualitative and quantitative data were used to answer the research questions. Qualitative data were gathered from pre and post- intervention interviews and the quantitative data from the pre and post- tests. The results revealed that a great magority of the participants made considerable progress in terms of creativity and overall writing performance. The fact that the intervention was effective was apparent in a great majority of the participants’ preference for collaborative writing over individual writing and all participants’ preference for the stream of consciousness technique over traditional writing modes. In terms of the use of the stream of consciousness technique and collaborative writing, it was found that collaborative writing was a more pleasing experience. It was also found that due to the intervention they not only made good progress in terms of their writing skills but also their attitudes changed in a positive way towards writing. Key words: Undergraduate students, prospective English teachers, EFL writing, creativity, English language teaching. 5 ÖZ İŞBİRLİKÇİ YAZMA VE BİLİNÇ AKIŞI TEKNİĞİNİN YAZMAYA ETKİSİ Dimililer, Çelen Doktora, İngilizce Eğitimi Anabilim Dalı Danışman, Doç. Dr. Mustafa Kurt Eylül, 2017, 157 sayfa Bu deneysel çalışmada işbirlikçi yazma ve bilinç akışı tekniğinin birlikte entegre edildiği bir ileri yazma dersinin ne kadar etkili olduğu incelenmiştir. Bu ileri yazma dersi İngilizce öğretmenliği bölümünde okuyan ve İngilizce’yi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen on bir öğrenci için dizayn edilmiştir. Karma yöntemli araştırma deseni kullanılıp hem nitel hem nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden faaydalanılarak araştırma soruları cevaplanmıştır. Nitel veriler uygulama öncesi ve uygulama sonrasında gerçekleşen görüşmelerden, nicel veriler ise uygulama öncesi ve sonrası verilen ön test ve son testten edinilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğunun yazma becerilerinin yaratıcılık ve genel yazma becerileri açısından gelişme kaydettiğini göstermiştir. Uygulamanın olumlu yönde etkili olduğu katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğunun tercihlerinin tek başına yazma yerine işbirlikçi yazma ve hepsinin geleneksel yazma yöntemleri yerine bilinç akışı tekniğiyle yazma yönünde olmasından da anlaşılmaktadır. Katılımcılar işbirlikçi yazma yöntemini biliç akışı tekniğine kıyasla daha eğlenceli bulmuşlardır. Aynı zamanda, uygulamanın etkisiyle katılımcıların yazma becerilerinin gelişme kaydetmesi yanında katılımcıların yazmaya karşı olumlu tutum geliştirdikleri de bulunmuştur. Anahtar kelimeler: Üniversite öğrencileri, İngilizce öğretmeni adayları, yabancı dil olarak İngilizce dilinde yazma, yaratıcılık, İngilizce öğretmenliği. 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS APPROVAL OF THE THESIS.................................................................................1 DECLARATION........................................................................................................2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.......................................................................................3 ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................4 ÖZ.................................................................................................................................5 LIST OF APPENDICES..........................................................................................10 LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................11 LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................12 ABBREVIATIONS...................................................................................................13 CHAPTER 1............................................................................................................. 14 Background of the Study.................................................................................17 Problem of the Study.......................................................................................20 Significance of the Study.................................................................................21 Aim of the Study..............................................................................................22 Limitations of the Study..................................................................................23 Key Concepts in the Investigation.................................................................23 Collaborative writing.............................................................................23 Short story writing..................................................................................24 Stream of consciousness.........................................................................24 Creative writing.......................................................................................24 Conclusion.......................................................................................................24 CHAPTER 2..............................................................................................................25 Literature Review.....................................................................................................25 Introduction.........................................................................................................25 Writing.........................................................................................................25 7 EFL Writing...............................................................................................26 Collaborative Writing................................................................................27 Creativity in Writing.................................................................................31 Motivation to Write...................................................................................34 Creative Writing........................................................................................36 Short Story Writing..................................................................................37 Stream of Consciousness..........................................................................41 Conclusion................................................................................................................51 CHAPTER 3..............................................................................................................52 Methodology..............................................................................................................52 Introduction......................................................................................................52 Definition of mixed methods research.....................................................53 Sequential mixed methods.... ...........................................................55 Concurrent mixed methods..............................................................55 Transformative mixed methods.......................................................55 Types of mixed methods research.......................................................55 Challenges of mixed methods research...................................................56 Research Design.......................................................................................57