North Carolina Archaeology Volume 66 2017 North Carolina Archaeology Volume 66 October 2017 CONTENTS Archaeological Investigations at the Valley Towns Baptist Mission (31Ce661) Brett H. Riggs ....................................................................................................... 1 Ceramic Vessel Manufacture in the Late Pre-Contact Period of the Appalachian Summit Thomas R. Whyte ................................................................................................ 27 The Ritualized Landscape at Biltmore Mound Larry R. Kimball and John Wolf ........................................................................ 39 Urban Archaeology in the “Cradle of the Colony”: The Archaeology of Historic Edenton, A Colonial Country-politan Port Community Thomas E. Beaman, Jr. ...................................................................................... 74 Archaeology at The Homestead, Edenton, North Carolina Carl Steen and Linda F. Carnes-McNaughton ................................................. 109 Partners in Preservation: Archaeology and Outreach at the Ailey Young House in Wake Forest Rosemarie Blewitt-Golsch and Sherry Boyette ................................................ 138 About the Authors ........................................................................................ 151 North Carolina Archaeology (formerly Southern Indian Studies) Published jointly by The North Carolina Archaeological Society, Inc. and The Research Laboratories of Archaeology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3120 R. P. Stephen Davis, Jr., Editor Officers of the North Carolina Archaeological Society President: Hannah Smith, 9 Kings Mount Ct., Durham, NC 27713. Vice President: Shane C. Peterson, Archaeology Group, Human Environment Section, North Carolina Department of Transportation, 1598 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27610-1598. Secretary: Linda Carnes-McNaughton, Directorate of Public Works (IMBG-PWE-DR CARNES), 2175 Reilly Road Stop A, Fort Bragg, NC 28310-5000. Treasurer: Mary Beth Fitts, N.C. Office of State Archaeology, Historic Resources, 4619 Mail Services Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-4619. Editor: R. P. Stephen Davis, Jr., Research Laboratories of Archaeology, CB 3120, Alumni Building, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3120. Associate Editor (Newsletter): Heather A. Lapham, Research Laboratories of Archaeology, CB 3120, Alumni Building, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3120. At-Large Members: Catie Bailey, 2117 Lovdal Dr. Raleigh, NC 27613. January Costa, 1323 Gaston Day School Road, Gastonia, NC 28056. David Cranford, Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, CB #3115, Chapel Hill NC 27599-3115. Jim Daniel, 3037 Riverside Drive, Lexington, NC 27292. Angela McArdle, 130 Manning Square, Southern Pines, NC 28387. Jon Schleier, 80 Sandy Bend Road, Rocky Point, NC 28457. Alice Wright, Department of Anthropology, Appalachian State University, 322 Anne Belk Hall, Boone, NC 28608. Information for Subscribers North Carolina Archaeology is published once a year in October. Subscription is by membership in the North Carolina Archaeological Society, Inc. Annual dues are $15.00 for regular members, $25.00 for sustaining members, $10.00 for students, $20.00 for families, $250.00 for life members, $250.00 for corporate members, and $25.00 for institutional subscribers. Members also receive two issues of the North Carolina Archaeological Society Newsletter. Membership requests, dues, subscriptions, changes of address, and back issue orders should be directed to: Lisa-Jean Michienzi, Research Laboratories of Archaeology, CB 3120, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3120. Information for Authors North Carolina Archaeology publishes articles on the archaeology of North Carolina and neighboring states. One copy of each manuscript, with accompanying tables, figures, and bibliography, should be submitted to the Editor. Manuscripts should be double spaced with ample margins throughout. Style should conform to guidelines American Antiquity (see http://www.saa.org/AbouttheSociety/Publications/ StyleGuide/tabid/984/Default.aspx). The Editor can assist those wishing to submit a manuscript but who are unfamiliar with American Antiquity style. North Carolina Archaeology Volume 66 October 2017 CONTENTS Archaeological Investigations at the Valley Towns Baptist Mission (31Ce661) Brett H. Riggs ....................................................................................................... 1 Ceramic Vessel Manufacture in the Late Pre-Contact Period of the Appalachian Summit Thomas R. Whyte ................................................................................................ 27 The Ritualized Landscape at Biltmore Mound Larry R. Kimball and John Wolf ........................................................................ 39 Urban Archaeology in the “Cradle of the Colony”: The Archaeology of Historic Edenton, A Colonial Country-politan Port Community Thomas E. Beaman, Jr. ...................................................................................... 74 Archaeology at The Homestead, Edenton, North Carolina Carl Steen and Linda F. Carnes-McNaughton ................................................. 109 Partners in Preservation: Archaeology and Outreach at the Ailey Young House in Wake Forest Rosemarie Blewitt-Golsch and Sherry Boyette ................................................ 138 About the Authors ........................................................................................ 151 North Carolina Archaeology (formerly Southern Indian Studies) Published jointly by The North Carolina Archaeological Society, Inc. and The Research Laboratories of Archaeology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3120 R. P. Stephen Davis, Jr., Editor Officers of the North Carolina Archaeological Society President: Hannah Smith, 9 Kings Mount Ct., Durham, NC 27713. Vice President: Shane C. Peterson, Archaeology Group, Human Environment Section, North Carolina Department of Transportation, 1598 Mail Service Center, Raleigh, NC 27610-1598. Secretary: Linda Carnes-McNaughton, Directorate of Public Works (IMBG-PWE-DR CARNES), 2175 Reilly Road Stop A, Fort Bragg, NC 28310-5000. Treasurer: Mary Beth Fitts, N.C. Office of State Archaeology, Historic Resources, 4619 Mail Services Center, Raleigh, NC 27699-4619. Editor: R. P. Stephen Davis, Jr., Research Laboratories of Archaeology, CB 3120, Alumni Building, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3120. Associate Editor (Newsletter): Heather A. Lapham, Research Laboratories of Archaeology, CB 3120, Alumni Building, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3120. At-Large Members: Catie Bailey, 2117 Lovdal Dr. Raleigh, NC 27613. January Costa, 1323 Gaston Day School Road, Gastonia, NC 28056. David Cranford, Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, CB #3115, Chapel Hill NC 27599-3115. Jim Daniel, 3037 Riverside Drive, Lexington, NC 27292. Angela McArdle, 130 Manning Square, Southern Pines, NC 28387. Jon Schleier, 80 Sandy Bend Road, Rocky Point, NC 28457. Alice Wright, Department of Anthropology, Appalachian State University, 322 Anne Belk Hall, Boone, NC 28608. Information for Subscribers North Carolina Archaeology is published once a year in October. Subscription is by membership in the North Carolina Archaeological Society, Inc. Annual dues are $15.00 for regular members, $25.00 for sustaining members, $10.00 for students, $20.00 for families, $250.00 for life members, $250.00 for corporate members, and $25.00 for institutional subscribers. Members also receive two issues of the North Carolina Archaeological Society Newsletter. Membership requests, dues, subscriptions, changes of address, and back issue orders should be directed to: Lisa-Jean Michienzi, Research Laboratories of Archaeology, CB 3120, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3120. Information for Authors North Carolina Archaeology publishes articles on the archaeology of North Carolina and neighboring states. One copy of each manuscript, with accompanying tables, figures, and bibliography, should be submitted to the Editor. Manuscripts should be double spaced with ample margins throughout. Style should conform to guidelines American Antiquity (see http://www.saa.org/AbouttheSociety/Publications/ StyleGuide/tabid/984/Default.aspx). The Editor can assist those wishing to submit a manuscript but who are unfamiliar with American Antiquity style. ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS AT THE VALLEY TOWNS BAPTIST MISSION (31CE661) by Brett H. Riggs Abstract The Valley Towns Baptist Mission (1821–1836), located in Cherokee County, North Carolina, was site of residential school, church, and model farm developed by the Baptist Foreign Mission Board to instruct and convert Cherokee families in the southwestern mountains. Archaeological investigations at the Valley Towns Baptist Mission site in 2000 defined the locations of the earlier (1820–1830) and later (1830–1837) mission establishments, identified intact subsurface architectural remains, and recovered material assemblages that clearly differentiate the mission as a religiously-based educational institution from contemporaneous domestic occupations in the surrounding area. In 2000, archaeologists from the University of Tennessee and the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians Tribal Historic Preservation Office undertook small-scale excavations at the site of the former Valley Towns Baptist Mission (1821–1836), located near the hamlet