RESOURCE MATERIAL SERIES MATERIAL RESOURCE ISSN 0256-5471 NUMBER 109 DECEMBER 2019 ISBN 978-4-87033-330-7 RESOURCE MATERIAL SERIES FEATURED ARTICLES THE FIGHT AGAINST HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN THE PHILIPPINES MR. SEVERINO H. GANA, JR. (PHILIPPINES) HUMAN TRAFFICKING AND MODERN-DAY SLAVERY DEALING WITH VICTIMS OF SLAVERY AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING MS. JANICE BRENNAN (UNITED KINGDOM) No.109 Printed in Japan by KITAJIMA Co., LTD. THE UNITED NATIONS ASIA AND FAR EAST INSTITUTE FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRIME AND THE TREATMENT OF OFFENDERS RESOURCE MATERIAL SERIES NO. 109 UNAFEI Akishima, Tokyo, Japan December 2019 i Takeshi Seto Director United Nations Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (UNAFEI) 2-1-18 Mokuseinomori, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, Japan [email protected] ii CONTENTS INTRODUCTORY NOTE ........................................................................................................................................................ v WORK PRODUCT OF THE 172ND INTERNATIONAL TRAINING COURSE “CRIMINAL JUSTICE RESPONSES TO TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS AND SMUGGLING OF MIGRANTS” Visiting Experts’ Papers ⃝ The Fight against Human Trafficking in the Philippines by Mr. Severino H. Gana, Jr. (Philippines) ............................................................................................................ 3 ⃝ Human Trafficking and Modern-Day Slavery by Ms. Janice Brennan (United Kingdom) ............................................................................................................. 17 ⃝ Dealing with Victims of Slavery and Human Trafficking by Ms. Janice Brennan (United Kingdom) ............................................................................................................. 23 Participants’ Papers ⃝ Organizing ISE-HTCA Technical Training to Optimize the Performance of the National Action Plan for Human Trafficking Criminal Action Eradication (NAP-HTCA) by Mr. R. Yustiar Nugroho (Indonesia) ................................................................................................................... 27 ⃝ Countermeasures against Trafficking in Persons by the Prefectural Police by Ms. Takako Kamata (Japan) ..................................................................................................................................... 35 ⃝ The Criminal Justice Response to Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants in Kenya by Ms. Hellen Khandasi Mafumbo (Kenya) ........................................................................................................... 40 ⃝ Combating Smuggling and Trafficking in Human Beings in the Kyrgyz Republic by Mr. Ulanbek Kudaibergenov (Kyrgyz Republic) .......................................................................................... 46 ⃝ The Effects of Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants and the Attempts to Exterminate the Problems in Lao PDR in the Judicial Sector by Ms. Mithounavanh Kongmany (Lao PDR) ..................................................................................................... 51 ⃝ Illegal Immigrants in Malaysia: Investigation and Prosecution Challenges by Mr. Muhd Azlan Bin Yusoff (Malaysia) ............................................................................................................ 57 ⃝ The Role of the Attorney General in Countering the Trafficking of People and Migrants as a Transit Route Due to the Geographical Position of Panama by Mr. Julio Alberto Campines Córdoba (Panama) .......................................................................................... 63 ⃝ Combating Trafficking in Persons through Criminal Investigation, Prevention and Cooperation in Timor-Leste by Mr. Paulo Anuno (Timor-Leste) ........................................................................................................................... 69 iii Reports of the Course ⃝ Effective Measures to Ensure Cooperation of Witnesses and to Secure their Testimony by Group 1 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 75 ⃝ Prevention and Detection of Trafficking in Persons (TIP) and Smuggling of Migrants (SOM), Including Suppression of Related Crimes by Group 2 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 78 ⃝ International Cooperation, Focusing on the Deprivation of Illicit Profits by Group 3 ................................................................................................................................................................................. 81 APPENDIX ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 85 Presentations of the 172nd International Training Course ⃝ Global Trends: Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants by Mr. Martin Fowke (UNODC) ................................................................................................................................... 87 ⃝ International Framework: Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants by Mr. Martin Fowke (UNODC) ................................................................................................................................... 89 Group Photo ⃝ 172nd International Training Course ........................................................................................................................ 91 RESOURCE MATERIAL SERIES INDEX........................................................................................................... 92 iv INTRODUCTORY NOTE It is with pride that the United Nations Asia and Far East Institute for the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders (UNAFEI) offers to the international community the Resource Material Series No. 109. This volume contains the work product of the 172nd International Training Course, conducted from 15 May to 21 June 2019. The main theme of the 172nd International Training Course was Criminal Justice Responses to Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants. Human trafficking and the smuggling of migrants are serious crimes that cause grievous harm to human dignity, human rights and sustainable development. Transnational organized crime groups deceive victims into believing that they are en route to a better life, but they are instead pressed into indentured servitude or outright slavery. In order to suppress these crimes, the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime was adopted, along with its protocols on trafficking in persons and the smuggling of migrants. These instruments seek to, inter alia, harmonize the criminalization of human trafficking and smuggling, to strengthen investigative techniques to counter trafficking and smuggling crimes while maintaining a victim-oriented approach, and enhance international cooperation among States Parties. UNAFEI, as one of the institutes of the United Nations Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice Programme Network, held this Course to explore various issues that relate to combating trafficking in persons and smuggling of migrants. This issue of the Resource Material Series contains papers contributed by the visiting experts, selected individual-presentation papers from among the participants, and the Reports of the Course. I regret that not all the papers submitted by the participants of the Course could be published. I would like to pay tribute to the contributions of the government of Japan, particularly the Ministry of Justice, the Japan International Cooperation Agency, and the Asia Crime Prevention Foundation for providing indispensable and unwavering support to UNAFEI’s international training programmes. Finally, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all who so unselfishly assisted in the publication of this series. December 2019 Takeshi Seto Director of UNAFEI v vi RESOURCE MATERIAL SERIES No. 109 Work Product of the 172nd International Training Course “Criminal Justice Responses to Trafficking in Persons and Smuggling of Migrants” UNAFEI 1 2 VISITING EXPERTS’ PAPERS THE FIGHT AGAINST HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN THE PHILIPPINES Severino H. Gana, Jr.* Trafficking in persons is a fundamental and crucially important challenge in the areas of human rights and law enforcement. It is not new—trafficking in persons is in many ways a modern-day form of slavery, which has persisted into the twenty-first century. Trafficking is a problem that has reached staggering dimensions around the globe. Solving this problem and bringing relief to its many victims are possible only through cooperative efforts. This cooperation must not only occur bilaterally and multilaterally among various governments, but also between governments and non-governmental organizations. It must involve governmental coordination on national counter-trafficking strategies as well as coordination at a local level for example, between local police and NGOs that provide services to victims. Destination countries must work with transit and source countries to stem the flow of trafficking; and source countries must work not only to prevent trafficking, but also to help with the reintegration of trafficked victims back into their home society. I. ELIMINATING TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS The ratification of the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress