Detailed Table of Contents Foreword............................................................................................................................................xvii Preface.................................................................................................................................................xix Acknowledgment..............................................................................................................................xxiv Chapter 1 TheEffectofGlobalizationonEconomicGrowth:EvidenceFromEmergingEconomies................... 1 Recep Ulucak, Erciyes University, Turkey Globalizationhasgatheredgreatmomentumoverthepastfourdecadesandithasledtoimportant changesintheeconomic,political,andculturaldynamicsofcountries.Itistheoreticallyexpectedthat globalizationstimulateseconomicgrowthbyleadinginstitutionalreforms,openingeconomiestoglobal markets,directandindirectforeigninvestments,andtechnologytransfers.Therefore,itiscrucialfor emergingeconomiestoincreaseeconomicgrowth.Thisstudyinvestigatestheimpactofglobalization oneconomicgrowthforthepanelofemergingeconomiesbyconductingsecondgenerationpaneldata techniques.Forthispurpose,employingannualdataspanningfrom1970to2014,theeffectsofoverall KOFglobalizationindexandthreedimensionsofglobalizationoneconomicgrowthareestimatedvia ,CUP-FMandCUP-BCestimators.ResultsshowthatoveralltheKOFglobalizationindex,economic andsocialdimensionsofglobalizationhavepositiveinfluenceoneconomicgrowthwhiletheeffectof .politicaldimensiononeconomicgrowthisnegative Chapter 2 TheRelationshipBetweenGlobalizationandIncomeDistribution:AnEmpiricalAnalysisinthe ContextofSouthKorea......................................................................................................................... 20 Buhari Doğan, Süleyman Demirel University, Turkey Muhlis Can, Hakkari University, Turkey Incomeinequalityisamajoreconomicprobleminmanycountries,anditisclearthatnumerousparameters affectincomedistribution.Inthisstudy,theeffectsofglobalizationonincomedistributionwereexamined inthecontextsofSouthKoreaandtheKuznetscurvebetween1970and2010.Thecointegrationtest oftheserieswascarriedoutusingtheMakiapproach,whichconsidersmultiplestructuralbreaks.The cointegrationtestindicatedtheseriesmovedtogetherinthelongterm.Thelong-termanalysisindicated thatglobalizationfirstreducesincomeinequalityandthenincreasesitinaU-shapedrelationship.Inthe    .short-termanalysis,itwasfoundthattheerrorcorrectiontermwasnegativeandstatisticallysignificant Inthiscontext,itiscrucialthatpolicymakersdeveloppoliciesthatminimizetheimpactofglobalization onincomeinequality;otherwise,socialandeconomicdistortionswillincreasewiththeincreasein .globalization,whichwillcausedifferentsocioeconomicproblems Chapter 3 IsSustaniableTourismaLeverageFOREconomicDevelopment?ACriticalReview....................... 46 Hakan Sezerel, Anadolu University, Turkey Cihan Kaymaz, Gumushane University, Turkey Doesdevelopmentmeanemploymentandsocialwelfare,orthenaturalenvironment,ecosystem,and biodiversity?Theanswertothisquestionissoughtworldwidewhiletryingtosolvethedichotomybetween ecologicalsustainabilityandthedevelopmentsustainability.Theauthorsobserveaseriesofpursuits underthenamesofecologicaltourism,environmentallyfriendlytourism,andsociallyresponsibletourism thatemergeinordertoovercomethisdichotomyinthetourismdiscipline.Theyallmergearoundthe ,commonideaofofferingaframeworkthatexamineseconomicactivitiesforthisdilemma.Meanwhile thischapterexaminesthepursuitswithinthescopeofsustainabletourismbasedontheassumptions ofprincipalecologicalapproaches(e.g.,environmentprotection,shallowecology,deepecology,and .socialecology)anddeterminesthepositionofsustainabletourismwithintheseecologicalapproaches Itisdeducedthatsustainabletourismisactuallysustainableatverylowlevelsfromtheperspectiveof .ecologicalsustainability Chapter 4 SelectionofRenewableEnergySourcesforSustainableDevelopmentandanEconomicModel ProposalforCountries.......................................................................................................................... 65 Alptekin Ulutaş, Cumhuriyet University, Turkey Coşkun Karaca, Cumhuriyet University, Turkey Meetingtheenergyrequirementswithimportedfuelsleadstoeconomicandpoliticalproblemsinthe countries. Therefore, renewable energy investments continue to grow globally as a sustainable and increasinglyeconomicallyviablealternativetoconventionalsourcesofenergy.Thisstudyaimstoreduce theshareofimportedfuelsinTurkey’selectricitygenerationandtoestimatetheemploymentgaintobe providedbyrenewableenergyinvestmentstobeestablishedinstead.Approximately900,000jobsare createdduringtheproduction,construction,operational,andmaintenancephasesofadditional49,448MW capacityrenewablepowerplantstobeinstalled.Whileanalyzing,thedecisiononhowmuchtoinvestin .whichrenewableresourceisdeterminedwithrespecttomulti-criteriadecisionmaking(MCDM)model Chapter 5 InequalityandRuralPoverty:InnovativeAgriculturalPracticesforSustainableandSocial DevelopmentinKenya.......................................................................................................................... 84 Gladys Thuita, Riara University, Kenya Matilda Ouma, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, and Fisheries, Kenya Themainpurposeofthischapterwastoestablishtheeffectofinnovativeagriculturalpracticeson reduction of inequality and rural poverty among sorghum farmers in Homabay County, Kenya. A .multistagestratifiedsamplingtechniquewasusedtorandomlyselect120smallholdersorghumfarmers ,Thestudyfoundthatuseofinnovativeagriculturalpracticeshasanimpactonagriculturalproduceand  therefore,onreductionofinequalityandruralpovertyamongfarmersinHomabayCounty.Thestudy .thusconcludedthatsorghumfarminghasdrasticallyreducedinequalityandruralpovertyinthecounty Thestudyrecommendsthatthegovernmentshouldprovidemoresupportintheapplicationofinnovative agriculturalpracticestoassistfarmershavediversifiedportfolioofcropsthatgeneratemoreincometo addresstheissueofinequalityandruralpovertyinHomabayCounty.Lastly,theresearchrecommends furtherresearchinotherinnovativeagriculturalpracticessuchaslivestockrearingandmaizegrowing .tocombatinequalityandruralpovertyinHomabayCounty Chapter 6 AScaleofRelativeInstitutionalChallengeDuringMNCGlobalExpansion...................................... 98 Ehsan Derayati, Concordia University, Canada Rick Molz, Concordia University, Canada Gwyneth Edwards, HEC Montréal, Canada Thischapterdevelopsareliableandvalidscaleofrelativeinstitutionalchallengebetween40countrypairs bydrawingonthreemeasuresofinstitutionaluniqueness.Thesinglemeasurecanbeusedbyresearchers (andpractitionerstoassesstherelativeinstitutionalchallengethatamultinationalcorporation(MNC mayfaceintheinternationalizationprocessbetweentheirhomeandpotentialhostcountry.Thevalue (ofthissinglescaleincludes(1)amorecomprehensiveandbroadscalethanthreeseparatescales,(2 demonstratedreliabilityandvalidity,(3)astandardizedmeasureofinstitutionalchallengethatcanbe usedbydifferentresearchersindifferentresearchsettings,and(4)atoolforpractitionersthatiseasily .appliedandrobustwhenconsideringalternativeoff-shoreinvestmentopportunities Chapter 7 GlobalLaborMarket,“Re-Shoring”Dynamics,andSkillMismatch:AnExploratoryStudyata Job-SpecificLevel............................................................................................................................... 125 Filippo Ferrari, Bologna University, Italy Workers’capabilitiesandknowledgearefactorsthatacompanycanusetoboostitsproductivity.The relocationofoperationalactivityawayfromindustrializednationshasledtotheerosionofmanufacturing skills,andthisfactoftenresultsinasevereskillshortageinspecificlocallabormarkets,becomingmuch moreprominentinthecaseofre-shoring.Consistentwiththetransactioncosteconomicsapproach TCE),thepurposeofthisresearchwastoverifyifstudentspossessatleastbasicskillsattheendof) .theireducationalpathtofacethelabormarketwithouteconomicfrictionsinschool-to-worktransition Finally,thischapterpresentsamodelthatcouldbeusefulinordertodesignprogramsaimedtoovercome theerosionofmanufacturingskillsandprovidestudentswithskillsthatcompaniesneedtodealwith .locallabormarketssuccessfully Chapter 8 ChallengesinCreatingandSustaininganEntrepreneurialBusinessinMilwaukee.......................... 144 Garfield A. Plunkett, University of Phoenix, USA Libi Shen, University of Phoenix, USA SmallbusinessentrepreneurshavemadeimportantcontributionstoeconomicactivitiesintheU.S.In recentyears,thereweredeclineandhighentrepreneurialfailureratesforentrepreneursthroughoutthe