Pi 8 4-OO12 S G Derde Simposium van die Sedimentologiese Divisie van die Geologiese Vereniging van Suid-Afrika SEDIMENTOLOGIE 82 SEDIMENTOLOGY 82 Third Symposium of the Sedimentological Division of the Geological Society of South Africa UITTREKSELS ABSTRACTS SEDIMENTOLOGIE TOEGEPAS OP EKSPLORASIE, MYNBOU, INGENIEURS- EN CMGEWINGSTUDIES SEDIMENTOLOGY APPLIED TO EXPLORATION, MINING, ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Randse Afrikaanse Universiteit Rand Afrikaans University Johannesburg September 13-14, 1982 (i) Derde Simposium van die Sedimentologiese Divisie van die Geologiese Vereniging van Suid-Afrika SEDIMENTOLOGIE 82 SEDIMENTOLOGY 82 Third Symposium of the Sedimentological Division of the Geological Society of South Africa UITTREKSELS ABSTRACTS SEDIMENTOLOGIE TOEGEPAS OP EKSPLORASIE, MYNBOU, INGENIEURS- EN OMGEWINGSTUDIES SEDIMENTOLOGY APPLIED TO EXPLORATION, MINING, ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Randse Afrikaanse Universiteit Rand Afrikaans University Johannesburg September 13-14, 1982 (ii) PROGRAM SEDIMENTOLOGIE '82 SEDIMENTOLOGY '82 - 13-14 SEPTEMBER 1982 LESINGSALE/LECTURE ROOMS: D LES 103 agd' D LES 102 HOOFRING/HAIN BUILDING - R.A.U. MONDAY/MAAN )AG SEPTEMBER 13 DINSDAG/TUESDAY SEPTEMBER 14 D LES 103 MIKRAULA D LES 102 D LES 103 MIKRAULA D LES 102 08hOO-08h30 a S hand Registration: rs ude s Speakers hand in slides Speakers hand in slides Speakers hand in slides 08h30-09hOO Registration CHAIRMAN: DR. H. WINTER Open 21. Hobday. Keynote Paper Petroleum CHAIRMAN: DR. N. BEUKES OghOO-O^SO 1. "Home. Keynote Papsr Open Hobday. Inlei- Open Coal dende Referaat Petroleum O9h3O-1OhOO Home. Inleidende Open 22. Light, Garcia-Victoria Open l Referaat Steenkool F.A. Gas Field 10h00-10h30 2. Hobday. Coal Open 23. Marot, McLachlan. Open F.A. Gas Field 10h30-11h00 TEA/COFFEE TEA/COFFEE TEA/COFFEE TEA/COFFEE CHAIRMAN: PROF. J. VISSER CHAIRMAN: MR. A. CLAY CHAIRMAN: DR. I. STANISTREET CHAIRMAN: MR. P. SCHOEMAN I1h00-11h30 3. Le Blanc Smith. Coal 12. Winter. Teotonostra- 24. Gerrard. Cretaceous 28. Furber. Archean gold tigraphy sandstone 11h30-12h00 4. Cairncross. Coal 13. Jermy. Berea Forma- 25. Gurney and Walker. 29. Cole. Witteberg Heavy tion Coastal diamonds minerals 12h00-12h30 5. Winter. Coal 14. Body. Karst 26. Clay. Pb/Zn/dolomite 30. Mann. Sijarira Heavy minerals 12h3O-13h00 6. Cadle. Coal 15. Reynhardt. Colluvium 27. Beukes. Kalahari Mn 31. Callaghan. Waterberg tin 13h00-Hh?0 LUNCH LUNC:-: LUNCH LUNCH CHAIRMAN: MR. T. CADLE CHAIRMAN: DR. I. McLACHLAN CHAIRMAN: DR. C. KINGSLEY 14hO0-14h30 7. v.d. Berg. Coal 16. Rendering. Cape 32. Austin, Wits. Carbon Estuaries leader 14h30-15h00 8. Christie. Vryheid 17. Flemming, Martin. 33. Schoeman, Wits. Libanon Formation Geophysical Survey reef 1Sh00-l5h30 9. Von Brunn. Dwyka 18. Formanek. Seismic 34. Callow, Wits. Facies Methods and gold 15h3O-16h00 TEA/COFFEE TEA/COFFEE TEA/COFFEE CHAIR.1AN: DR. W. STEAR CHAIRMAN: PROF. V. von BRUNN 16h00-16h30 10. Stuart-Williams. 19. Horn. Bauxite 35. Nairn. Prediction, '«'its Uranium Gold distribution 16h30-17h00 11. Simnionds. uranium 20. Watson. Rosh Pinah CLOSING REMARKS/SAMEVATTENDE OPMERKINGS (Hobday) 17h0G-17h30 Meeting. Sed imentolociy Division. 17hJ0-19h00 SKL'MERKE^K/COCKTAIL. FOÏER VAN/OF AUDITORIUM. 19hOO-21h00 UUr~ETETE/BUFFET DINNER. RAU RESTAURANT For fuLl titles of papers, refer to reverse side of this program. Nunber refer to tnat of paper. Vir volledige titels van voordraqte, vcrwys na keersy van hierdie program. Nommer verwys na did van refera.it. (iii) EXCURSION/EKSKURSIE The Transvaal Supergroup in Griqualand West, 15-^9 Sept. Leader : Dr N Beukes, R.A.U. WORKSHOP/WERKSGROEP The Middle Elsburg Reefs on the West Rand Goldfield , 15-^7 Sept Leaders : Messrs B Stuart, J.C.I, and P Schoeman, Goldfields ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ORGANISERENDE KOMITEE Dr N Beukes, R.A.U. (Chairman/Voorsitter) Dr C Kingsley, A.A.C. (S?cretary/Sekretaris) Mr I McLachlan, SOEKOR Dr W Stear, Rand Mines Mr T Cadle, Wits University Dr I Stanistreet, Wits University Mr B Stuart, J.C.I. (iv) INDEX / INDEKS LIST OF PAPEHS IN OHDF.R OF PHOGHAM/LYS VAN HEFERATE IN PROGRAMORDE 1. HORNE, J.C. The effects of depositional 20. WATSON, M.D. and JANSEN VAN VUUREN, C.J. Strata- factors on underground coal mining, p. 1 bound zinc-lead-copper deposit at Rosh Pinah, S.W.A. p- 63 2. HOBDAY, D.K. Coal in alluvial-fan systems, p. 3 21. HOBDAY, D.K. SedimentOlogical factors controlling 3. LE BLANC SMITH, G. and FALCON, R.M.S. hydrocarbon distribution - examples from a giant, Aspects of relationships in Gondwana coal mature petroleum province. p. 66 guality, distribution and palaeoenvironment. Witbank coalfield. South Africa, p. 5 22. LIGHT, M.P.R. and GARCIA-VICTORIA, E. Petroleum geology of the F.A. gas field, offshore South 4. CAIRNCROSS, B. Coarse-grained anastomosed Africa, p. 69 river deposits from the Witbank coalfield. South Africa, p. 8 23. MAROT, J.E.B, and McLACHLAN, I.R. Petrography of the reservoir sandstones of the gas bearing 5. WINTER, M.F. Palaeotopography and fluvial F-A structure, offshore South Africa. p. 7'i sedimentation as sub-regional controls on coal seam distribution and thickness in the Highveld 24. GERRARD, I. Preliminary investigation of the coalfield. p. 11 distribution of offshore Cretaceous sandstones, western South Africa, p. 79 6. CADLE, A.B. Sedimentary controls on coal distri- bution in the northwestern Highveld coalfield, p. 13 25. GURNEY, J.J., WALKER, C.S.H., et.al. Diamond recoveries from the surf zone of the Namaqualand 7. VAN DEN BERG, H.J. A sedimentary model for the coast near the Olifants River, p. 84 Soutpanstjerg coal field, p. 15 26. CLAY, A.N. The geological setting of a lead- 8. CHRISTIE, A.D.M. et.al. A reference section zinc occurrence in the Malmani Dolomite Subgroup. p. 88 through the Vryheid Formation at Ceza Mountain, north Natal. p. 16 27. BEUKES, N.J., KLEYENSTÜBER, A. and NEL, C. Volcanogenic-sedimentary cycles in the Kalahari 9. VON BRUNN, V. and GRAVENOR, C.P. Stratified manganese field, p. 93 late Dwyka glaciogene sediments in the Natal Midlands. p. 19 28. FURBER, F.M.W. Archaean fluvial and marine sedimentary facies with synsedimentary and synvol- 10. STUART-WILLIAMS, V. Beaufort Group uranium canic gold mineralization in the Shamvaian Group, mineralization - a model that may aid exploration p. 21 Mazoe Valley, Zimbabwe. p. 98 11. SIMMONDS, A.L.E. Sedimentology of the Teekloof 29. COLE, D.I. and LABUSCHAGNE, L.S. A shallow Formation to the east of Aberdeen (C.r.) with marine storm induced heavy-mineral deposit in the reference to uranium mineralization, p. 26 Witteberg Group near Willowmore, Cape Province, p. 101 12. WINTER, H. de la R. Tectonostratigraphy - a 30. MANN, A.G. Heavy mineral sandstones of the framework for applied sedimentology. p. 31 Sijarira Group, Zimbabwe, p. 107 13. JERMÏ, C.A. and MASON, T.R. A sedimentary 31. CALLAGHAN, C.C. The search for tin placer model for the Berea Formation in the Glenwood deposits in the Waterberg Group, p. Ill tunnel, Durban, p. 37 32. AUSTIN, M.A. Sand diapirs within the carbon 14. BODY, J. Precambrian karst filling in the dolo- leader conglomerate horizon on East Driefontein mite of the Transvaal Supergroup, p. '»1 Gold Mine. p. 113 15. REYNHARDT, J.G. Particular physical, chemical 33. SCHOEMAN, P.J. PalaeovaUey-f ill sequences below and mineraloglcal properties of the different the Libanon reef along the West Wits Line. p. 115 colluvial layers in the Pretoria environment and the practical utilization of the area. p. 45 34. CALLOW, M.J.W. Facies variations and gold mine- ralization within an Upper Witwatersrand auriferous 16. REDDERING, J.S.V. The sedimentary ecology of placer deposit, p. 118 the south-eastern Cape estuaries, p. 50 35. NAMI, M. The application of sedimentary parameters 17. FLEMMING, E.W. and MARTIN, A.K. Geological to the prediction of gold distribution patterns.p. 123 geophysical surveys of proposed offshore engineering project sites, p. 53 36. VAN LOON, A.J. Sedimentary modelling in nuclear- waste disposal. (Not to be read), p. I2'i 18. FORMANEK, H.P. The application of seismic methods to the investigation of stratiform deposits, p. 59 19. HORN, J. Bauxite in Natal exploration and genesis. p. 62 POSTER DISPLAYS A. GREY, D.C. Sedimentology and pedology in the southern Cape (Abstract included/Uittreksel ingesluit). p. B. SOEKOR. The search for petroleum. (No abstract/Geen uittreksel). C. LE BLANC SMITH, G. Coal Sedimentology. (No abstract/Geen uittreksel). D. FORMANEK, N.P. Seismic sections - case histories (No abstract/Geen uittreksel) 1. THE EFFECTS OF DEPOSITIONAL FACTORS ON UNDERGROUND COAL MINING by JOHN C. HORNE For many years, the petroleum industry has used depositional modeling to determine the location and geometry of hydro- carbon reservoir potential sandstones. More recently, researchers have applied depositional modeling techniques to the problems encountered by the coal industry in ex- ploration and exploitation phases of coal development. Because depositional settings control strongly the distri- bution of sediments that amass there, they can be used as a predictive tool for the location, geometry, continuity, and quality characteristics of coals as well as the lateral and vertical variability of associated rock types. On the mine tract level, the environments of deposition that immediately precede the accumulation of peat that later formed as mine- able coal determine the distribution of floor rock which delineates areas of strong and weak floor as well as areas of potential floor seeps. Along with the coeval depositional environments, the pre-existing topography upon which the peat accumulates strongly affects the shape and thickness distribution of the coal that forms from the peat. Besides affecting the shape and thickness distribution of the coals, the contemporaneous environments of deposition determine the areas of non-coal sediment influx into the coal swamp which control coal quality with respect to ash content and amount of reject material.