THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY FOUNDED BY JAMES LOEB, LL.D. EDITED BY fT. E. PAGE, C.H., LITT.D. tE. CAPPS, PH.D., LL.D. fW. H. D. ROUSE, litt.d. L. A. POST, L.H.D. E. H. WARMINGTON, m.a., f.r.hist.soo. THE GEOGRAPHY OF STRABO V THE GEOGRAPHY OF STRABO WITH AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY HORACE LEONARD JONES, Ph.D., LL.D. CORNELL UNIVKRRITT IN EIGHT VOLUMES V LONDON WILLIAM HEINEMANN LTD CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS MCMLXI 1 G SI First primed 1928 Reprinud 1944, 19-54, 1961 Orp.5' 1 .9 5 2 7 Printed in Great Britain CONTENTS PAGE BOOK X 3 BOOK XI 183 BOOK XII 345 APPENDIX, ON THE ITHACA-LEUCAS PROBLEM . 523 PARTIAL BIBLIOGRAl'HY OF THE ITHACA-LEUCAS PROBLEM 529 A PARTIAL DICTIONARY OF PROPER NAMES .... 531 MAPS ASIA MINOR AND SYRIA SUPERIOR at end ARMENIA AND ADJACENT REGIONS at end THE GEOGRAPHY OF STRABO BOOK X 2TPAB12N02 TEOrPA^IKON V 1.^ ^ETreiBi) 77 Yjv^oia irapa irdaav rrjv irapdkiav ravrrfv irapa^e/SXrjTai rrjv utto ^ovvlov /J^^XP'' ©exTaXta?, irXrjv t(i)v ctKpcov e/caTepcoOev, OLKetov av €17} avvuyjrai, TOt? €ipr}/jL€VOt<i to. Trepl rrjv vrjcrov, eW^ ovTO) fj,€Ta^f]vai 77/369 re ra AItcoXlko. Kal ra^ A/capvaviKa, airep Xonrd eari tcov t/}9 F,vpcoTTr}<i fiepMV. 2. UapafjLiJKr]^ p,ev tolvvv ccttIv rj vr}ao<i eVt ^tXtof? ax^Sov TL Kal 8iaKoaLov<; arahiovs airo K.tjvalov TTpo<i VepaiaTov, to Be TrXaro? ava)fxaXo<; Kara he to irXiov oaov 7revT)']Kovra Kal eKarov arahiwv. to fxev ovv Kr^^atoy eVrt kutu &€p/j,o- 7rvXa<; Kal to, e^o) ©ep/xoTrvXchv iir oXlyov, TepaLaTo<; Be Kal YieTaXia tt/oo? ^ovvlu). yivcTai ovv avTLTTop9p.o<; TTj Te ^Att iKj] Kal HoicoTLa Kal AoKplBt Kal Toi<; ^laXieuai. Blo, Be ti-jv aTevo- TTjTa Kal TO Xe^Bev iJLrjK0<i vtto twv TvaXaioiv C 445 Ma/c/3(9 covofxdoOr]. avvaTTTei Be ttj rjireiptp KaTO, KaXKiBa /xaXiaTa, KvpTrj TrpoirLiTTovaa Trpo^; 701/9 KaTO, Trjv AvXlBa tottov; Tri<i BoicoTia^ Kal 1 The Paris MS. No. 1397 (A) ends with Book ix (see Vol. I., p. xxxii). — THE GEOGRAPHY OF STRABO BOOK X I 1. Since Euboea lies parallel to the whole of the coast from Sunium to Thessaly, with the exception of the ends on either side,^ it would be appropriate to connect my description of the island with that of the parts already described before passing on to Aetolia and Acarnania, which are the remaining parts of Europe to be described. 2. In its length, then, the island extends parallel to the coast for a distance of about one thousand two hundred stadia from Cenaeum to Geraestus, but its breadth is irregular and generally only about one hundred and fifty stadia. Now Cenaeum lies op- posite to Thermopylae and, to a slight extent, to the region outside Thermopylae, whereas Geraestus and Petalia lie towards Sunium. Accordingly, the island lies across the strait and opposite Attica, Boeotia, Locris,and the Malians. Because of its narrowness and ^ of the above-mentioned length, it was named Macris by the ancients. It approaches closest to the main- land at Chalcis, where it juts out in a convex curve towards the region of Aulis in Boeotia and forms the * i.e. the promontories of Thermopj'lae and Sunium, which lie beyond the corresponding extremities of Euboea Cenaeum and Geraestus. * i.e. " Long " Island (see Map VIII, end of Vol. IV). 3 STRABO TTOiovaa rhv Kvpnrov, wepl ov Sia irXeiovwv elpi]Ka/jLev, a')(€S6v 8e ri kuI irepi rcov avr lit 6p6pio)v d\X7]\oL<; TOTTcov Kara re ttjv yveipov Kal Kara rrjv vrfcrov i<p' eKurepa rov ILvpiirov, rci re €VTb<; Kal TO, e/cTo?. €i Si ti iXXeXeiTTTai, vvv irpoa- 8cacTa(f)7]aopev. Kal irpSyrov, on TTjq Eu/Sola^ ra KolXa Xeyovai ra pera^ii AuXtSo? -"^ kuI twv irecX Vepaiarov tottcov KoXirovrai,^ yap t) TrapdXia, TrXrja-id^ovcra Be rfj X.aXKL8i Kvprovrai irdXiv tt/so? Tr]v rjireipov. 3. Ov poi'ov 8e Ma/cpi? eKXijOi] ?'; vrjao^, dXXa Kal ^A/3avTi<;. FjVfSoiav fyovv enrwv 6 7ronirri<i rov<i air' avri]<i Kvf3oea<i ovBerroTe eiprjKev, dXX^ "AySai'Ta? dec' 01 8' YjV^oiav e^ov pevea 7rveL0VT€<i ^K^avTe<i. T&) 5' a/i' "AySai/re? eirovTO. (i)T]al S' 'ApKTTOTeA.779 i^ "A/Sa? T77? ^coKixtj^: QpaKa<i oppriOevTa<i iTTOiKrjaai ttjv vr]aov Kal eTTOVopdaai "A/Sat'Ta? toj)? €)(^ovTa<; avrrjv ol 8' diTO r]p(o6<i (f)aat, KafiaTTep Kal JLv^oiav duo t]pa)iv7]<;. Ta;^a 8' oiairep Boo? avXr) Xejerai ti avrpov ev ttj tt/jo? Alyalov rerpappivrj rrapaXia, OTTOV TTjV IcU (f>aai T€K€IV "ElTacpOP, Kal Tj VTjCrO'i ^ AuAtSoy, Du Theil, Corais, and Groskurd would emend to - For KoX-KovTai, Jones conjectures Kot\ovTai, to correspond with KoiAo. - 1 9. 2. 2, 8. * " Inside " means the loMer or south-eastern region, "out- side"' the upper or north-western. ^ Elephenor. 4 GEOGRAPHY, lo. i. 2-3 Euripus. Concerning the Euripus I have ah'eady spoken i-ather at length/ as also to a certain extent concerning the places which lie opposite one another across the strait, both on the mainland and on the island, on either side of the Euripus, that is, the regions both inside and outside ^ the Euripus. But if anything has been left out, I shall now explain more fully. And first, let me explain that the parts between Aulis and the region of Geraestus are called the Hollows of Euboea ; for the coast bends inwards, but when it approaches Chalcis it forms a convex curve again towards the mainland. 3. The island was called, not only Macris, but also Abantis ; at any rate, the poet, although he names Euboea, never names its inhabitants " Euboeans," but always " Abantes " : " And those who held Euboea, the courage-breathing Abantes .... And with him ^ followed the Abantes."* Aristotle^ says that Thracians, setting out from the Phocian Aba, recolonised the island and renamed those who held it " Abantes." Others derive the name from a hero,'' just as they derive "Euboea" from a heroine.' But it may be, just as a certain cave on the coast which fronts the Aegaean, where lo is said to have given birth to Epaphus, is called Boos Aule,^ that the * Iliad 2. 5.36, 542. * Aristotle of Chalcis wrote a work on Euboea, but it is no longer extant. He seems to have flourished in the fourth century B.C. * Abas, founder of Aba, who later conquered Euboea and reigned over it (Stephanus Byzantinus, s.vv. "Afiai and 'A^avrls). ' On the heroine " Euboea," see Pauly-Wissowa, s.v. " Euboea" (4). « Cow's Stall. STRABO aTTo T?)? avTrj<i alrla<i ecyxe tovto rovvo/xa. Koi '^XV ^^ eKaXeiTO rj vrjao<; kol ecrriv o/jLCovvfiov avrfi TO ^eyLCTTOV rcov ivravOa opwv. koi 'EX.- XoTTia 8' wvofidaOr] cnrb "EWotto? tov "Iwro?* 01 Se 'AikXov ^ KoX Ko^of ahe\(^6v ^aaiv, o? kol TTjv 'EWomay KTiaai XeyeraL, )(^copLOV iv ttj ^Clpia KaXovfiivT) t?}? 'lcrTiai(OTiSo<; irpo^ rw TeXeOpia) opei, kov ttjv IcTTtaiav irpoaKri^aaadai ^ KOL rrjv TlepidZa ^ koI KijptvOov kol AlSrj-^frov KOL 'Opo/8ta9, iv w /xavTelov yv d-\jrev8i(TTarov' r)v he p,avTelov kuI tov ^eXivovvTiov 'AttoXXcovo^' ^ /jL€TQ)KT]crav B' et? ttjv 'laTtaiav ol ' EWoTrt et?,^ Kol r/v^rjo-av ttjv ttoXiv ^iXiaTihov tov Tvpdvvov ^caaafMeuov p,€Ta to, AevKTpi/cd. Ai]fioa$€vrji; 8' v7t6 ^tXCinrov KaTacrTa9?]vai Tvpavvov (fyrjat Koi Tcov ^VlpeLTOiv TOV ^iXiaTLBrjv ovTU) 'yap wvo- p.dad'qaav varepov ol 'Icrriaiet?, koI rj ttoXls dvTi '\aTLala<i 'flpe6<;' evioc 8 vrr' ' AOrjvaiayv diroiKKT- drjvai (^aai ttjv 'laTiaiav diro tov hi]p.ov tov 'l(TTiatio)v, ct)9 Kol diro rov ^EpeTpiecov ttjv ^KpeTpiav. ©eoTTOyttTTo? Be ^rjai, TlepiKXeov^ ')(^eipovp,€vov ¥jV^oiav, tou? 'laTiaiel^ KaB' ojio- XoyLa<; et? ^aKcBoviav pbeTaaTJjvai, Biaxi\lov<i S' e^ ' Adrjvaioiv eXOovTaf tov flpeov oiK-fjcrac, BrjpLov OVTU irpoTepov Tutv laTiaiewv. 4. Ketrat 8' vtto tw TeXeOplo) opet ev tw C 446 A/3U/A&) KaXovfievo) Trapd tov KdXXavra Trora/jLov ^ 'AiKXov 'BDEghlTwpu, 'a4k\ov y, 'A^IkXov k. * Meineke emends UfpiaZa (otherwise unknown) to ircS^aSa. ' \iZT)^6v, Xylander, for "E.5^^i^^6v ; so the later editors. * 5' els, Corais, for 5e ; so the later editors. ' 'EAAoTTifTs, Tzschucke, for 'EWowtls ; so the later editors. "; GEOGRAPHY, lo. i. 3-4 island got the name Euboea ^ i'rom tlie same cause. The island was also called Oche ; and the largest of its mountains bears the same name. And it was also named Ellopia, after Ellops the son of Ion. Some say that he was the brother of Aiclus and Cothus and he is also said to have founded Ellopia, a place in Oria, as it is called, in Histiaeotis^ near the mountain Telethrius, and to have added to his dominions Histiaea, Perias, Cerinthus, Aedepsus, and Orobia ; in this last place was an oracle most averse to falsehood (it was an oracle of Apollo Selinuntius). The Ellopians migrated to Histiaea and enlarged the city, being forced to do so by Philistides the tyrant, after the battle of Leuctra. Demosthenes says that Pliilistides was set up by Philip as tyrant of the Oreitae too;^ for thus in later times the Histiaeans were named, and the city was named Oreus instead of Histiaea. But according to some writers, Histiaea was colonised by Athenians from the deme of the Histiaeans, as Eretria was colonised from that of the Eretrians. Theopompus says that when Pericles overpowered Euboea the Histiaeans by agreement migrated to Macedonia, and that two thousand Athenians who formerly composed the deme of the Histiaeans came and took up their abode in Oreus.