AUXILIARY SPECIALTY COURSE SEAMANSHIP (AUXSEA) STUDENT STUDY GUIDE PUBLISHED FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY COMDTPUB P16794.42 Commandant 21@ SecondStreet S.W. U.S.Coast Guard Washington,DC 20593-0001 Staff Symbol: G-NAB-1 ;;,kffff'M Phone: (2O2) 257-LooL COMDTPUBPL6794.42 I 5 APR1992 COMMANDANTPUBLICATION P16794.42 Subj: Auxiliary Specialty Course Seamanship (AUXSEA); Student Study Guide 1. P_UBPOSE. This publication is intended for use as the student study guide for the Auxil-iary Specialty Course in Seamanship. It is published for instructional- purposes only and is not policy material. 2. DIRECTIVES AFFECT_E_D_.The Auxiliary Operational Specialty Course, Student Workbook, CG AUX 498-2(74), is canceled. 3. DISCUSSION. This publication contains instructional information regarding Coast Guard Auxiliary Seamanship. Major revisions in this new edition j-nclude: a. New chapter on anchoring techniques which reviews the proper safety procedures for anchoring and clearing a fouled anchor. b. New chapter on duties and manners which reviews the dutj-es expected of the deck hand, radio watchstander, navigator, engineer, J-ookcut, hel-msman, and towing watch. c. Redesigned and expanded topics on terminology, boat construction materials, and steering gear types. d. Revised chapter on internal combustion engines, including information on inboard-outboards ( I/O's). DISTRIBUTION- 5P1Pe. 130 a b d e o h J K m n o p q u w x v z A B D E F u H NON-SrANDARDDlsrRlBUTloN:See page 2. COMDTPUBPL67694.42 15 APR19sZ 4. ACTION. District Commanders shall insure that this publication is used as a resource for Auxiliary training and that all Auxiliary instructors and teaching assistants are aware of this publication and become thoroughly familiar with its contents. /QA,rx W. J. ECKER Chief, 0ffjce of NavlgailonSafety ir:CI jltCr',r,,e1, Scrv ices Nonstandard Distribution Auxiliary National Board Auxiliary Department Chiefs Auxiliary Past NationaL Commodores TABLEOF CONTE}MS Pago TNTRODUCTION iv CIIAPTER 1-TENMINOLOGY, BOAT CONSIRUTTIONMATERIALS AIID STEERING GEARTYPES INTRODUCTION.......... .,.........l-l FIBERGLASSBOATS.... ...,......1-l wooDBoATs ...................., ............,............t-5 ALUMINUM ,.......1.7 FABRIC0nflatables) ................l-8 TypEs oF STEERINC$YSTEMS .......,.......l-8 CHAPM.ANPiloting Seamanshipand Small Boat Handling EdyEditions ;....................Chap1eronNautical Terms Iater Editions...Section I ChapterI andAbbreviations and Acronyms; Section 8, Appcndices STUDYQUESfiONS CHAPTDN,2 - BOAT MNNTENANCE cH2 CHAPTER 4 * MARLINSPIIG SEAMANSHIP TNTRODUCTTON.......,........ 4-l TYPES OFROPE 4,1 NanualLine 4-l SyntheticLine ...,...,....... 4-l Wire Rope +3 CARE OF LINES u3 LINE USAGE,KNOTS, HITCHES, BENDS, AI.{D SPLICES...................-........,. 4-5 "DippingfteEye- 4-5 . SquareKnot.........,..., 4-5 Bowline 4-6 Half Hitch M Clove Hitch 4-7 TimberHitch 4r7 RolliogHitch 4.8 SheetBend/Becket Bcnd ..*.....,.... 4-9 SAICING 4.9 Short Splice 4-9 Eye Splice 4-10 STOWINGLINE 4-l I CHAPMAN Piloting Seananshipand Smail Boat Handling Early Editions ......Chaperon Marlinespikc Seamanship LaterEditions Section3, Chapter13 STUDYQT.IESTTONS .. 4-r2 CHAPTEN.5 _ BOAT IIANDLING INTRODUCTION 5.I STUDYOUTLINE 5-I Basic Principles of Boat Handling CHAPMANPiloting Dock Lines and Their Use Searnanshipand Small Landing at aPier BoatHandling Getting Clear of a Berth Eatly Editiom, Chapteron Manzuverat Slips in tigbt Quarters Power Cruiscr Seamanship Handling Twin ScrewBoats Iator EditionsnSection 3, Chapte{9 STUDYQUESTTONS 54 CIIAPTEB 6 * H0AVY WEATIIER INTRODUCTION 6.I wrNDwAy8s.................... 6.r STORMTIDEWAVES 63 SEISMICWAVES G4 TIDALWAVE$ 64 SWELLS 6.4 suRF............ M WAKES 65 cRosssEAs ............ 6s TI{BETFECT OF WIND AND CURRENT ON MANEUVERING................... 65 HEAVYWEATIIEROPERATION 6.8 TrrESEAANCHOR(DROGUE)..................... 69 6ll CIIAPMAN Piloting Searnanshipand Small Boat Handling Early Editions ....,..Sectionon Boat Handling Under Adverse Conditions LaterEditions .,.., - :.. ".:- ::::1" ::.T.:13: :::.T:1 ::g#ffiHHJ1T STUDYQT]ESTIONS GI3 cH2 CIIAFTER 7 - ASSISTANCETO BOATSIN DISTRESSAND DAMAGD CONTROL INTRODUCTrON....,..... 7.1 RIGIITINGA CAPSIZEDSAILBOA.T 7.1 REFLOATINGASTRANDEDVESSEL 7A APPROACHINGABURNINGVESSEL 7.5 FrREFIGInING............. 7.5 PLUGGINGAI{DPATCHING ....,.I".r....r.,... 7.6 D8WAT8RrNG................. ?-10 CHAPMANPiloting, Seamanship and Small Boat Handling EarlyEditions ,.....Sectionsn Stranding,Assisting and Towing and on Emergency LaterEditions................-:.:::::::.T.::::::.:.:.:::::::.:::::.::5ffiJfffiffi srIJDy QUESTIONS.................. .............r!.,.... 7-13 CTIAPTER 8. NAVIGATION RI]LES INTRODUCTION 8.1 STUDYOUTLINE 8-1 NAVIGATION RULES: LIGHTS AND DAY SHAPES Tho U. S' InlandRrltt CHAPMANPiloting Seamanship Intehationil Rules of the Road ondSmall Boat llandling EarlyEdritions, Chaptor onNavigation Rules LaterEditioq$! Section 3, Chapters7 andI STUDYQUESTTONS CHAPTER9- AIICEORING INTRODUCTION....,......... .................. 9.1 STUDYOUTLIM 9-1 Atchoring CHAPMAN Piloting Seamanship Ground Tackls and Small Boat Ilandling Anchoring Te,chniques Early Editions, Chapto on Anchoring PermanentMoorings Later Editiong Section3, Chapter12 STUDYQUESTIONS ...............-. %3 CHAPTERTO-DUTIES AI\ID MAI\INERS INTRODUCTION l0-l DUTIES lG.l MANNERS l0-3 POLLUTION 104 COURTESYBOARDING A COASTGUARD VESSEL lc.5 STUDYQUESTIONS 10{ llt cH2 This Page Left Intentionally Blank Reverse of Page iii CHAPEER 1 TEnMtNOI.ocy, BOf[ CONSIRUCIITOD|lrATERflxJ, AIID grEERnrG CEAR lrpEs MTRODUCrIq}!. This chapter provides overall lnforrnation on ffimatexia1susedforboatbui1ding.Itgivessomeofthe advarltages and disadvantages of, each. Students are also introduced to some of the "Nautical Terms" associated wlth seamanship. Fina}ly there is a review of corunon steering systems. The readS-ng material for this l-esson can be found In the following pages of this chapter and in designated portions of Cna4tril Pil.gttllgt, FeaoanqLlip?tl4.,FTet+ Boat EandlinE, In the earlier editions of CIIAPMAN,the naterial is in # m6- cEapEer on l{auti.cal lerma. fn the later editionsr the material is in Sectl,on I sed upon these readings, Today's prospective boat ewner has nany boat building materials to choose from. It's a far cry from yesteryearr when practically all' boats were built from one material-wood. Now, there ls woodr fibergrlass, aluminun, steel, fero-cement, plus many combinations of these, For instance, yoo can see fiberglass hulls with wooden decks, lnteriors, and deck houses. The same is true for aL1 of the other material$. You don't need the desire to be a boat builder to learn more about boat building. The more you know about how boats are built and what materials are used to build them' the bet,ter you will be able to sel-ect a boat and then to maintain her year after year. This lesson will introduce you to sofite of the boat building materlals In use today and w111 explain the, steering systems you will find in nearly aL1 powerboats. FIBEF€LaSS=,BgryS. Iletrs begin l^tith fiberglass. Today, fj.berglass ffipo1izestheboatbui1ding1ndustry.Thiswasnot always so. The use of, fiberElass is a relativel,y new innovation and has on1y, within the last few decades, come to replace wood as the primary boat building material. The reason fiberglass has become so popuJ.ar is due to the fact that it is so easily maintained. Thousands of boat olrners have discovered to their delight that, taking care of a fibergJ-ass boat is far easler than maintaining its wooden counterpart, A J.ook at fitting-out yards in the spring is proof enough. Owners of wooden boats spend hour upon hour getting them ready for launching, Owners of fiberglass boats find that much Jess maintenance-time is required. But then again, fiberglass is not exactly a miracle material either. It requiree proper care and, contxary to what many people think, rreeds painting periodically. cH2 The word fiberglass doesn'treally define the material. It is more exactly plastic reinforced with fiberglass.The British use a more accuratedescription - CRP, which standsfor glassreinforced plastic. A fiberglasshull, then, is composedof shandsand layers of fiberglasssaturaled with iesin. This constuction can be comparedwith that of reinforcedconcrete. The fiberglassstrartds sompareto the steelrods and the resin comparesto ttre cement. Just as with any other kind of boat building material, there ate good fiberglassboats and bad fiberglass boats. There are ilulny ways to use fiberglass in building a boat and, predictably, there are firrr supportersof eachof these, Fiberglass itsel{ the reinforcing material,comes in four differerttforms-mat, cloth, wovon roving, and chopped strands(frgure 1-1). Mat is a mass of randomly choppedfiberglass fibers that are either bonded together with resin or mechanicallystitched together. It is usedas a primary reinforcsrnentfor the hull and the deckofa boat. Fiberglass Fiberglass Mat Cloth -nt ,fr?5Ry}\rU\\vA-. It is alsoused to reinforcejoints andto providea waterproofbanier. Fiberglass iW-/4ti{t*-o cloth is just whatthe rurmeimplies. it is -qlfililh' anopeq squareweave with strands goingin trivodirections only. It is usedas WovenRoven ChoppedStands Thefour primarytypes of a primary reinforcomentfor hulls anddecks, and Figurel-I.-The four primary commonlyused as a reinforcemenlfotthe typesof fiberglassreinforcemetrts. surfacecoat (called the gel coat).Wovett roving is almost exactly like cloth but it has a heavierweave, It is used as a primary reinforcementfor