NOTES INTRODUCTION: THE RED SEA CONSPRACY AND THE GRAND BARGAIN 1. “David Hearst,” Middle East Eye.net (website), accessed June 26, 2019. https:// www.middleeasteye.net/users/david-hearst; David Hearst, “Exclusive: The Secret Yacht Summit That Realigned the Middle East,” Middle East Eye, March 19, 2018. https://www.middleeasteye.net/fr/news/george-nader-yacht- how-mbs-salman-red-sea-summit-mbz-sisi-plotted-qatar-turkey-jordan-saudi- gcc-arab-league-867425259 2. David Hearst, “Exclusive: The Secret Yacht Summit That Realigned the Middle East,” Middle East Eye, March 19, 2018. https://www.middleeasteye. net/fr/news/george-nader-yacht-how-mbs-salman-red-sea-summit-mbz-sisi- plotted-qatar-turkey-jordan-saudi-gcc-arab-league-867425259 3. “Contributor: David Hearst,” HuffPost, accessed June 26, 2019. https:// www.huffpost.com/author/davidhearst129-926 4. David Hearst, “Exclusive: The Secret Yacht Summit That Realigned the Middle East,” Middle East Eye, March 19, 2018. https://www.middleeasteye. net/fr/news/george-nader-yacht-how-mbs-salman-red-sea-summit-mbz-sisi- plotted-qatar-turkey-jordan-saudi-gcc-arab-league-867425259 5. David Hearst, “Exclusive: The Secret Yacht Summit That Realigned the Middle East,” Middle East Eye, March 19, 2018. https://www.middleeasteye. net/fr/news/george-nader-yacht-how-mbs-salman-red-sea-summit-mbz-sisi- plotted-qatar-turkey-jordan-saudi-gcc-arab-league-867425259 6. Dexter Filkins, “A Saudi Prince’s Quest to Remake the Middle East,” New Yorker, April 2, 2018. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/04/09/a- saudi-princes-quest-to-remake-the-middle-east 7. Max Kutner, “Who is George Nader? Mueller Investigating Whether Magazine Editor Helped UAE Buy White House Influence,” Newsweek, March 6, 2018. https://www.newsweek.com/who-george-nader-bannon- mbz-mueller-middle-east-791556; Creede Newton, “Mueller probe: Who is George Nader, convicted paedophile?,” Al Jazeera, April 6, 2018. https:// 584 | ENDNOTES www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/04/mueller-probe-george-nader-convicted- paedophile-180404110222649.html; Desmond Butler, Tom LoBianco and Bradley Klapper, “Mueller Probe Witness Secretly Backed UAE Agenda in Congress,” Associated Press, March 26, 2018. https://www.apnews. com/b4946f7bf1fe4328b0c81506434aa082; Mark Mazzetti, David D. Kirkpatrick, and Maggie Haberman, “Mueller’s Focus on Adviser to Emirates Suggests Broader Investigation,” New York Times, March 3, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/03/us/politics/george-nader-mueller- investigation-united-arab-emirates.html 8. David Hearst, “Exclusive: The Secret Yacht Summit That Realigned the Middle East,” Middle East Eye, March 19, 2018. https://www.middleeasteye. net/fr/news/george-nader-yacht-how-mbs-salman-red-sea-summit-mbz-sisi- plotted-qatar-turkey-jordan-saudi-gcc-arab-league-867425259 9. David Hearst, “Exclusive: The Secret Yacht Summit That Realigned the Middle East,” Middle East Eye, March 19, 2018. https://www.middleeasteye. net/fr/news/george-nader-yacht-how-mbs-salman-red-sea-summit-mbz-sisi- plotted-qatar-turkey-jordan-saudi-gcc-arab-league-867425259 10. David Hearst, “Exclusive: The Secret Yacht Summit That Realigned the Middle East,” Middle East Eye, March 19, 2018. https://www.middleeasteye. net/fr/news/george-nader-yacht-how-mbs-salman-red-sea-summit-mbz-sisi- plotted-qatar-turkey-jordan-saudi-gcc-arab-league-867425259 11. Nader Habibi, “How Turkey and Saudi Arabia Became Frenemies—and Why the Khashoggi Case Could Change That,” The Conversation, October 17, 2018. https://theconversation.com/how-turkey-and-saudi-arabia-became- frenemies-and-why-the-khashoggi-case-could-change-that-105021 12. Nader Habibi, “How Turkey and Saudi Arabia Became Frenemies—and Why the Khashoggi Case Could Change That,” The Conversation, October 17, 2018. https://theconversation.com/how-turkey-and-saudi-arabia-became- frenemies-and-why-the-khashoggi-case-could-change-that-105021 13. Nader Habibi, “How Turkey and Saudi Arabia Became Frenemies—and Why the Khashoggi Case Could Change That,” The Conversation, October 17, 2018. https://theconversation.com/how-turkey-and-saudi-arabia-became- frenemies-and-why-the-khashoggi-case-could-change-that-105021 14. Meliha Benli Altunisik, “Bitter Frenemies: The Not-Quite-Alliance Between Saudi Arabia and Turkey,” Foreign Affairs, May 15, 2012. https:// www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/turkey/2012-05-15/bitter-frenemies?cid=soc- twitter-in-snapshots-bitter_frenemies-051612 15. Nader Habibi, “How Turkey and Saudi Arabia Became Frenemies—and Why the Khashoggi Case Could Change That,” The Conversation, October 17, 2018. https://theconversation.com/how-turkey-and-saudi-arabia-became- frenemies-and-why-the-khashoggi-case-could-change-that-105021 16. Ismail Numan Telci, “Middle Eastern Supporters of Turkey’s Failed Coup,” editorial, Al Jazeera, July 14, 2017. https://www.aljazeera.com/ ENDNOTES | 585 indepth/opinion/2017/07/middle-eastern-supporters-turkey-failed- coup-170714110836313.html; Mehmet Solmaz, “Why Saudi Arabia and the UAE are targeting Turkey,” editorial, Middle East Eye, December 27, 2017. https://www.middleeasteye.net/opinion/why-saudi-arabia-and-uae- are-targeting-turkey; Haisam Hassanein, “A Break in Saudi and Turkish Relations Could Intensify MBS-Bibi Bromance,” editorial, Jerusalem Post, December 25, 2018. https://www.jpost.com/Opinion/A-break-in-Saudi-and- Turkish-relations-could-intensify-MbS-Bibi-bromance-575385 17. Nader Habibi, “How Turkey and Saudi Arabia Became Frenemies—and Why the Khashoggi Case Could Change That,” The Conversation, October 17, 2018. https://theconversation.com/how-turkey-and-saudi-arabia-became- frenemies-and-why-the-khashoggi-case-could-change-that-105021; Benny Avni, “Turkey Loses U.N. Security Council Seat in Huge Upset,” Newsweek, October 16, 2014. https://www.newsweek.com/venezuela-malaysia-angola- new-zealand-win-un-council-seats-277962 18. David Hearst, “Exclusive: The Secret Yacht Summit That Realigned the Middle East,” Middle East Eye, March 19, 2018. https://www.middleeasteye. net/fr/news/george-nader-yacht-how-mbs-salman-red-sea-summit-mbz-sisi- plotted-qatar-turkey-jordan-saudi-gcc-arab-league-867425259 19. David Hearst, “Exclusive: The Secret Yacht Summit That Realigned the Middle East,” Middle East Eye, March 19, 2018. https://www.middleeasteye. net/fr/news/george-nader-yacht-how-mbs-salman-red-sea-summit-mbz-sisi- plotted-qatar-turkey-jordan-saudi-gcc-arab-league-867425259 20. Mark Mazzetti and Ben Hubbard, “Rise of Saudi Prince Shatters Decade of Royal Tradition,” New York Times, October 15, 2016. https://www.nytimes. com/2016/10/16/world/rise-of-saudi-prince-shatters-decades-of-royal- tradition.html 21. Mark Mazzetti and Ben Hubbard, “Rise of Saudi Prince Shatters Decade of Royal Tradition,” New York Times, October 15, 2016. https://www.nytimes. com/2016/10/16/world/rise-of-saudi-prince-shatters-decades-of-royal- tradition.html 22. Mark Mazzetti and Ben Hubbard, “Rise of Saudi Prince Shatters Decade of Royal Tradition,” New York Times, October 15, 2016. https://www.nytimes. com/2016/10/16/world/rise-of-saudi-prince-shatters-decades-of-royal- tradition.html 23. Mark Mazzetti, David D. Kirkpatrick, and Maggie Haberman, “Mueller’s Focus on Adviser to Emirates Suggests Broader Investigation,” New York Times, March 3, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/03/us/politics/ george-nader-mueller-investigation-united-arab-emirates.html 24. Noah Browning and John Irish, “Saudi Arabia Announces 34-State Islamic Military Alliance Against Terrorism,” Reuters, December 14, 2015. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-security- idUSKBN0TX2PG20151215 586 | ENDNOTES 25. Gulf State Analytics, “The Saudi-Led Sunni Alliance: A Dangerous Stunt?” International Policy Digest, January 25, 2016. https://intpolicydigest. org/2016/01/25/the-saudi-led-sunni-alliance-a-dangerous-stunt/ 26. “Iran Leading State Sponsor of Terrorism With ‘Near-Global Reach’: US,” NDTV (India), September 20, 2018. https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/ iran-leading-state-sponsor-of-terrorism-with-near-global-reach-us-1919238; Carol Morello, “Terrorism is Down Worldwide, but State Department Says Iran Maintains ‘Near-Global Reach’,” Washington Post, September 19, 2018. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/terrorism- is-down-worldwide-but-state-department-says-iran-maintains-near-global- reach/2018/09/19/fc3a85b1-dbac-4496-a295-b78599cd6720_story.html 27. Mark Mazzetti, David D. Kirkpatrick, and Maggie Haberman, “Mueller’s Focus on Adviser to Emirates Suggests Broader Investigation,” New York Times, March 3, 2018. https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/03/us/politics/ george-nader-mueller-investigation-united-arab-emirates.html 28. Umar Farooq, Nabih Bulos, and Tracy Wilkinson, “Turkey and the U.S. Used to be Close Allies. Today, They Can’t Even Agree on a Phone Call,” Los Angeles Times, January 25, 2018. https://www.latimes.com/world/ middleeast/la-fg-turkey-syria-patriotism-20180125-story.html 29. Holly Fletcher, “State Sponsor: Syria,” Council on Foreign Relations, February 1, 2008. https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/state-sponsor-syria 30. Umar Farooq, Nabih Bulos, and Tracy Wilkinson, “Turkey and the U.S. Used to be Close Allies. Today, They Can’t Even Agree on a Phone Call,” Los Angeles Times, January 25, 2018. https://www.latimes.com/world/ middleeast/la-fg-turkey-syria-patriotism-20180125-story.html 31. Tom Perry and Orhan Coskun, “U.S.-Led Coalition Helps to Build New Syrian Force, Angering Turkey,” Reuters, January 14, 2018. https://www. reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-sdf/u-s-led-coalition-helps-to- build-new-syrian-force-angering-turkey-idUSKBN1F30OA 32. Umar Farooq, Nabih Bulos, and Tracy Wilkinson, “Turkey and the U.S. Used to be Close Allies. Today, They Can’t Even Agree on a Phone Call,” Los Angeles Times, January 25, 2018. https://www.latimes.com/world/ middleeast/la-fg-turkey-syria-patriotism-20180125-story.html 33. Umar Farooq, Nabih Bulos, and Tracy Wilkinson, “Turkey and the U.S. Used to be Close Allies. Today, They Can’t Even Agree on a Phone Call,” Los Angeles Times, January 25, 2018. https://www.latimes.com/world/ middleeast/la-fg-turkey-syria-patriotism-20180125-story.html 34.