Psi Chi Psychological Journal of Research SPRING 2014 | VOLUME 19 | ISSUE 1 ISSN: 2164-8204 Published by Psi Chi, PSI CHI ® The International Honor THE INTERNATIONAL HONOR SOCIETY IN Society in Psychology ® PSYCHOLOGY PSI CHI ® THE INTERNATIONAL HONOR SOCIETY IN ® PSYCHOLOGY ABOUT PSI CHI Psi Chi is the International Honor So ci ety in Psychology, found ed in 1929 for the pur poses ® of encouraging, stimu lat ing, and maintaining excel lence in scholar ship, and advancing the ® science of psychol ogy. Mem bership is open to gradu ate and under graduate men and women who are mak ing the study of psy chol ogy one of their major interests and who meet the min­ imum qual i fi ca tions. Psi Chi is a member of the Asso ciation of College Honor Soci et ies PSI CHI JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH (ACHS) and is an affiliate of the American Psy cho logi cal As so cia tion (APA) and the SPRING 2014 | VOLUME 19, NUMBER 1 Association for Psy cho log i cal Science (APS). Psi Chi’s sister honor society is Psi Beta, the na­ tion al honor society in psychology for com mu nity and junior colleges. EDITOR Psi Chi functions as a federation of chap ters located at over 1,100 senior col leg es and MELANIE M. DOMENECH RODRÍGUEZ, PHD universities in the U.S., Canada, and Ireland. The Psi Chi Central Office is lo cat ed in Chatta­ Utah State University nooga, Tennessee. A Board of Directors, com posed of psy chol o gy faculty who are Psi Chi Telephone: +1-435-797-3059 members and who are elected by the chapters, guides the affairs of the orga ni za tion and sets Fax: +1-435-797-1448 poli cy with the ap prov al of the chap ters. E-mail: [email protected] Psi Chi serves two major goals—one immediate and visibly re ward ing to the in divid u al member, the other slower and more dif fi cult to accomplish, but of fer ing greater rewards in ASSOCIATE EDITORS the long run. The first of these is the Society’s ob li ga tion to pro vide ac a dem ic rec og ni tion to DEBI BRANNAN, PHD its in duc tees by the mere fact of mem ber ship. The sec ond goal is the obligation of each of Western Oregon University the Society’s local chapters to nurture the spark of that accom plish ment by offering a climate congenial to its creative devel op ment. For ex am ple, the chapters make active at tempts to CARLOS A. ESCOTO, PHD nourish and stimu late pro fession al growth through programs de signed to augment and en­ Eastern Connecticut State University hance the reg u lar cur ric u lum and to provide prac ti cal ex pe ri ence and fellowship through SHELIA KENNISON, PHD af fil ia tion with the chapter. In addition, the or ga ni za tion provides programs to help achieve Oklahoma State University these goals including regional and Society conven tions, research award and grant competitions, cer tifi cate recog ni tion programs, chapter awards, and Society ser vice projects. MANAGING EDITOR/ART DIRECTOR STACI TAYLOR JOURNAL PURPOSE STATEMENT The twofold purpose of the Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research is to foster and reward the EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS scholarly efforts of psychology students as well as to provide them with a valuable learning BRADLEY CANNON, SUSAN ILES experience. The articles pub lished in this journal represent the work of undergraduates, graduate students, and faculty. Faculty mentors are identified by an asterisk next to their name or on a separate byline. The Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research (ISSN 2164-8204) is published quarterly in one INSTRUCTIONS FOR CON TRIB U TORS volume per year by Psi Chi, Inc., The International Submissions are accepted for review on an ongoing basis. Although manuscripts are limited Honor Society in Psy chol o gy, P.O. Box 709, to empirical research, they may cover any topical area in the psychological scienc es. Chat tanoo ga, TN 37401-0709. 1. A cover letter that includes the following: • Identifying information for the primary author, including an electronic mailing ad­ Subscriptions are available on a calen dar-year basis only (Spring–Winter). U.S. rates are as follows dress; (four issues): Indi vidual $20; In sti tu tion $40. • The primary author’s Psi Chi membership ID number; • A description of the primary author’s educational status (e.g., an estimated or actual For international rates or other information date of graduation, or description of faculty appointment); con tact: Psi Chi Central Of fice. Print ed in the USA. • A statement that the manuscript is original (not published or accepted for publication Pe ri od i cals postage paid at Chat ta noo ga, TN, and elsewhere); and additional mailing offices. • A statement that the research was carried out with approval of an institutional review Statements of fact or opinion are the re spon si bil i ty board and following proper procedures for the protection of human participants or of the authors alone and do not imply an opin ion animal subjects. on the part of the officers or mem bers of Psi Chi. 2. Sponsoring statement (undergraduate first authors only) Psi Chi does not accept paid advertising for its • For undergraduate students, faculty mentors must provide a sponsoring statement that publications Eye on Psi Chi or Psi Chi Journal of specifies: Psychological Research. The society does not wish • The research adhered to APA ethical standards; to appear to endorse any particular products or • The mentor has read and critiqued the manuscript on content, method, APA style, services. grammar, and overall presentation and mentor, affirming that it is high­level, quality Postmaster: Send ad dress chang es to the address work; and below. • The planning, execution, and writing of the manuscript represent primarily the work of the undergraduate student. Copyright 2014 by Psi Chi, The International Honor Soci ety 3. Cover page in Psy chol o gy. • Cover page in APA style (with manuscript title, authors’ names, institutional affiliations, and possibly an author note). 4. A masked manuscript following these guidelines: • All authors’ identifying information is removed from the entire manuscript including For more information, contact: author note, title page, and method section. Psi Chi Central Office • The manuscript is in Microsoft Word. Publication and Subscriptions P.O. Box 709 • The manuscript includes figures, tables, and charts generated in either Microsoft Word Chattanooga, TN 37401-0709 or Excel. (423) 756-2044 • Scanned images or illustrations must have a resolution of at least 600 dpi resolution. www.psichi.org • Authors must check for APA style. [email protected] Submit all electronic files: http://www.psichi.org/pubs/journal/submissions.aspx Psi Chi Journal of SPRING 2014 | VOLUME 19 | ISSUE 1 2 Great Indexing News for Psi Chi Journal Melanie M. Domenech Rodríguez Utah State University 3 Student Perceptions of Study Time Kirstie L. Bash and David S. Kreiner* University of Central Missouri 10 Social Anxiety, Observed Performance, and Perceived Social Competencies in Late-Adolescent Friendships Brittany N. Kuder and Rachel L. Grover* Loyola University Maryland 20 The Effect of the Color Red on Hirability and Attractiveness Julia F. Hammett, Emily J. Issler, and Holly E. Bashore San Diego State University 28 Blacks in the Red: Racial Discrimination in Funding Allocations Donte L. Bernard, Jessica L. McManus, and Donald A. Saucier* Kansas State University 37 Response Bias Toward Fearful Stimuli Increases as Stimulus Noise Increases Brian D. Stirling, Madeleine S. Greskovich, and Dan R. Johnson* Washington and Lee University 43 Awards and Grants Overview 47 Journal Submissions Basics SPRING 2014 PSI CHI JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH *Faculty mentor COPYRIGHT 2014 BY PSI CHI, THE INTERNATIONAL HONOR SOCIETY IN PSYCHOLOGY (VOL. 19, NO. 1/ISSN 2164-8204) 1 Great Indexing News for Psi Chi Journal Melanie M. Domenech Rodríguez Editor, Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research he success of scientific journals is measured good news of this kind as we move forward with by many markers, among them, whether exploring further venues for indexing, especially Tor not they are indexed in well-known ones that target international researchers. In addi- databases. Our Journal was already indexed in tion to improving dissemination of the Journal, EBSCO Academic Search Complete, which has we will continue to work to provide authors with over 13,690 journals and content dating to 1887 a high-quality experience with the publication (EBSCO, 2014). Now, I am excited to say that Psi process. Small but noticeable shifts are taking Chi Journal of Psychological Research is also listed place throughout the year. For example, our usual in PsycINFO, which has nearly 2,500 journals practice was to conduct a thorough review for APA and coverage dating back to 1597 (APA, 2014). style once a manuscript had been accepted for The process of being considered for indexing in publication. However, now all authors will receive PsycINFO included a careful review of a year’s a thorough APA style and editorial check from our worth of issues for high-quality content considered editorial assistant. This is an important member of interest to psychologists. Entry into this database benefit as even those authors whose work is not is a testament to the excellent work of authors, their published will have an opportunity to receive their mentors, our peer reviewers, associate editors, and usual content feedback from peer reviewers, as well editorial staff. as feedback regarding APA style. The feedback is Indexing in PsycINFO is great news for our provided in a supportive and educative manner authors and our Honor Society.