2 INDEX 1. Space Technology ...................................................... 6 1.39 Opportunity Rover ..................................................... 23 Introduction ........................................................................ 6 1.40 NASA Solar Probe ..................................................... 24 1.1 Types of Orbits ............................................................ 6 1.41 New Frontiers program ............................................. 24 1.2 Types of Satellites ........................................................ 7 1.42 New Horizons ............................................................ 24 1.3 Launch Vehicles .......................................................... 7 1.43 Juno Spacecraft ......................................................... 25 1.4 PSLV ........................................................................... 8 1.44 OSIRIS-REx ............................................................... 25 1.5 GSLV ........................................................................... 8 1.45 ICON Satellite............................................................ 25 1.6 GSLV MK III ............................................................... 8 1.46 Voyager 1 & Voyager 2 ............................................. 26 1.7 Cryogenic Engine ........................................................ 9 1.47 BRUIE ....................................................................... 26 1.8 RLV-TD ....................................................................... 9 1.48 Terra and Aqua Satellites .......................................... 26 1.9 Scramjet Engine - TD .................................................. 9 1.49 MAVEN ...................................................................... 27 1.10 Small Satellite Launch Vehicle .................................. 10 1.50 Dawn Mission ............................................................ 27 1.11 Vikas Engine ............................................................. 10 1.51 TESS .......................................................................... 27 1.12 Green Propellants ..................................................... 10 1.52 Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Mission .............. 27 1.13 Indo-UN Small Satellites Programme ....................... 10 1.53 CubeSat...................................................................... 28 Indian Missions ................................................................ 11 1.54 Cassini Space Craft ................................................... 28 1.14 GSAT-30 .................................................................... 11 1.55 Rosetta ....................................................................... 28 1.15 PSLV C-48................................................................. 11 Other Space Agencies ...................................................... 29 1.16 PSLV C-47................................................................. 11 1.56 Lunar Evacuation System Assembly .......................... 29 1.17 PSLV – C46 / RISAT-2B ............................................ 12 1.57 Galileo ....................................................................... 30 1.18 GSLV-Mk III - M1 / Chandrayaan-2 Mission ............ 12 1.58 ExoMars .................................................................... 30 1.19 India’s Space Station ................................................. 14 1.59 Hope Spacecraft ........................................................ 30 1.20 Bhuvan Panchayat .................................................... 15 1.60 BepiColombo mission ................................................ 30 1.21 SISDP-Update Project .............................................. 15 1.61 Remove Debris Mission ............................................. 30 1.22 Vyommitra ................................................................. 15 1.62 Tiangong-2 ................................................................ 31 Other Notable Missions ................................................... 16 1.63 Chang’e 4 .................................................................. 31 1.23 Gaganyaan ................................................................ 16 1.64 Quasi-Zenith Satellite System .................................... 31 1.24 GEMINI system ......................................................... 17 1.65 MINERVA-II1 ............................................................ 31 1.25 Human Space Flight Centre ...................................... 17 1.66 Star Link satellites ..................................................... 32 1.26 Mission Venus ........................................................... 17 1.67 Terminator Tape ........................................................ 32 1.27 Aditya-L1 Mission ..................................................... 17 2. Planetary Systems ................................................... 33 1.28 AstroSat ..................................................................... 18 2.1 Definition of a Planet ................................................. 33 1.29 Mars Orbiter Mission ................................................ 18 2.2 Ploonet ....................................................................... 33 1.30 NISAR ........................................................................ 19 2.3 Planet Saturn ............................................................. 33 Global Missions ................................................................ 19 2.4 Goldilocks zone .......................................................... 34 2.1 Sun’s Atmosphere ...................................................... 34 NASA ................................................................................ 19 2.2 Solar Cycles and Sun spots ........................................ 34 1.31 NASA New Missions .................................................. 19 2.3 Asteroid & Comet ...................................................... 34 1.32 Asteroid Impact Deflection Assessment Mission.. ..... 19 2.5 Heliosphere, Heliopause and Interstellar Space ........ 35 1.33 Artemis Mission ......................................................... 20 2.4 Kuiper Belt ................................................................. 35 1.34 Solar Orbiter ............................................................. 20 2.5 Super Blood Blue Moon ............................................. 35 1.35 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) ....................... 21 2.6 Super Blood Wolf Moon ............................................. 35 1.36 Super Cam ................................................................. 22 2.7 Pink Moon ................................................................. 36 1.37 Insight Mission .......................................................... 22 2.6 Europa ....................................................................... 36 1.38 Curiosity .................................................................... 23 www.shankariasacademy.com || www.iasparliament.com 3 2.7 Artificial Gravity ....................................................... 37 4.10 Prithvi – II ................................................................. 51 2.8 Perseid Meteor Shower ............................................. 37 4.11 Brahmos ..................................................................... 51 2.9 K2-18b ....................................................................... 38 4.12 Pralay ........................................................................ 51 2.10 Interstellar objects .................................................... 38 4.13 Nirbhay ...................................................................... 51 2.11 Sagittarius A .............................................................. 38 4.14 HELINA ..................................................................... 52 2.12 Black Hole System ..................................................... 39 4.15 Akash Missile ............................................................. 52 2.13 Arrokoth .................................................................... 39 4.16 Agni V ........................................................................ 52 2.14 TOI 700 d .................................................................. 39 4.17 Barak-8 ...................................................................... 52 2.15 Venus Volcanoes ....................................................... 39 4.18 Ballistic Missile Defence Programme ........................ 53 2.16 TRAPPIST-1 .............................................................. 40 4.19 K-4 Missile ................................................................. 53 2.9 Saraswati - Supercluster of Galaxies ........................ 40 4.20 Interceptor Missile Test ............................................. 53 2.17 Ryugu Asteroid .......................................................... 40 4.21 Advanced Air Defence systems in India ..................... 54 2.18 Oumuamua ................................................................ 41 4.22 Advanced Area Defence ............................................. 54 2.19 Farout ....................................................................... 41 Aircrafts ............................................................................ 54 3. Telescopes & Observatories ................................... 41 4.23 Apache Helicopters .................................................... 54 3.1 Square Kilometre Array ...........................................