Taking the Measure of the Smart Grid around the World affiliateAdpe.indd 1 1/6/11 8:31 PM www.ieee-pes.org Special Issue: on the cover Taking the Measure of the Smart Grid around the World …a 2011 reprint journal from PES Pictured on the front cover…Hong Kong. Pictured on the back cover…New York City features 3 Leader’s Corner A message from the President of PES, Alan C. Rotz 4 The Future of Power Transmission Technological Advances for Improved Performance Stanley H. Horowitz, Arun G. Phadke, and Bruce A. Renz 11 Getting Smart With a Clearer Vision of the Intelligent Grid, Control Emerges from Chaos Enrique Santacana, Gary Rackliffe, Le Tang, and Xiaoming Feng 19 A New Car, A New Grid The Electric Car is Back (with Help from New Batteries, a Smarter Grid, and Uncle Sam) Larry Dickerman and Jessica Harrison 26 Taking Demand Response to the Next Level 11 Leveraging the Experience of U.S. Utilities to Demonstrate the Smart Grid’s DR Potential Katherine Hamilton and Neel Gulhar 33 Demanding Standards Developing Uniformity in Wholesale Demand Response Communications to Enhance Industry Growth Scott Coe, Andrew Ott, and Donna Pratt 38 Get Smart Using Demand Response with Appliances to Cut Peak Energy Use, Drive Energy Conservation, Enable Renewable Energy Sources and Reduce Greenhouse-Gas Emissions T. Joseph Lui, Warwick Stirling, and Henry O. Marcy 51 Engineering the Future A Collaborative Effort to Strengthen the U.S. Power and Energy Workforce 38 Wanda Reder, Anjan Bose, Alex Flueck, Mark Lauby, Dagmir Niebur, Ann Randazzo, Dennis Ray, Gregory Reed, Peter Sauer, and Frank Wayno ieee power & energy magazine 1 m a g a z i n e Editor in Chief IEEE Periodicals/Magazines Department Melvin I. Olken 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA 245 East 19th Street #20K +1 732 562 3950, fax +1 732 981 1855 New York, NY 10003-2665 USA www.ieee.org/magazines +1 212 982 8286 (phone fax) Geraldine Krolin-Taylor, Senior Managing Editor [email protected] Janet Dudar, Senior Art Director Gail A. Schnitzer, Assistant Art Director Associate Editors Theresa L. Smith, Production Coordinator Gerald B. Sheblé, Business Scene Peter M. Tuohy, Production Director Felicia Spagnoli, Advertising Production Manager Carl L. Sulzberger, History Dawn Melley, Editorial Director Editorial Board Fran Zappulla, Staff Director, IEEE Publishing Operations IEEE prohibits discrimination, harassment, and bullying. For more information, S. Massoud Amin, L. Goel, A.P. Hanson, visit http://www.ieee.org/web/aboutus/whatis/policies/p9-26.html. N. Hatziargyriou, M.I. Henderson, S.H. Horowitz, P. Kundur, R. Masiello, IEEE Power & Energy Magazine K.M. Matsuda, A.P.S. Meliopoulos, IEEE Power & Energy Magazine (ISSN 1540-7977) is published bimonthly by the Institute of Electrical and Electron- M.I. Olken, M. O’Malley, A.G. Phadke, ics Engineers, Inc. Headquarters: 3 Park Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10016-5997 USA. Responsibility for the contents C.E. Root, H. Rudnick, P.W. Sauer, rests upon the authors and not upon the IEEE, the Society, or its members. IEEE Operations Center (for orders, subscrip- tions, address changes): 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Telephone: +1 732 981 0060, +1 800 678 4333. M. Shahidehpour, B.R. Shperling, Individual copies: IEEE members $20.00 (first copy only), nonmembers $66.00 per copy. Subscription Rates: Society V.C. Sulzberger, S.S. Venkata, members included with membership dues. Subscription rates available upon request. Copyright and reprint permissions: B.F. Wollenberg Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limits of U.S. Copyright law for the private use of patrons 1) those post-1977 articles that carry a code at the bottom of the first page, provided the per-copy fee indicated in the code is paid through the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA Advertising 01923 USA; 2) pre-1978 articles without fee. For other copying, reprint, or republication permission, write Copyrights and Barry LeCerf Permissions Department, IEEE Operations Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Copyright © 2011 by the Bullseye International Group, Inc. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Periodicals postage paid at New York, NY, and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to IEEE Power & Energy Magazine, IEEE Operations +1 913 663 1112, fax +1 913 663 1119 Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Canadian GST #125634188 [email protected] Printed in U.S.A. IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY (PES) The IEEE Power & Energy Society is an organization of IEEE members whose principal interest is the advancement of the science and practice of electric power generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization. All members of the IEEE are eligible for membership in the society. Mission Statement: To be the leading provider of scientific and engineering information on electric power and energy for the betterment of society, and the preferred professional development source for our members. Officers PES Executive Director Technical Council A.C. Rotz, President Patrick Ryan, +1 732 465 6618, J. Nelson, Vice Chair N.N. Schulz, President-Elect fax +1 732 562 3881, e-mail [email protected] S.S. Venkata, Secretary M. Selak, Vice President, Chapters D. Novosel, Vice President, Technical Activities Standing Committee Chairs Technical Committee Chairs P.W. Sauer, Vice President, Education S. Ellis, Awards & Recognition O. Malik, Electric Machinery M. Shahidehpour, Vice President, Publications D. Novosel, Constitution & Bylaws M. Begovic, Emerging Technologies W. Rosehart, Vice President, Meetings M.M. Begovic, Finance & Audit L. Wozniak, Energy Development H. Louie, Vice President, W.K. Reder, Nominations & Appointments & Power Generation Membership & Image K. Butler-Purry, Power Engineering Education R.I. Mosier, Insulated Conductors S. Rahman, Vice President, New Initiatives/ D. Von Dollen, Intelligent Grid Chapter Representatives P. Bishop, Marine Systems Outreach B. Allaf, C. Chamochumbi, Y. Chen, M.M. Begovic, Treasurer J. MacDonald, Nuclear Power Engineering D.J. Doke, M. Eremia, J. Fleemans, J. McConnach, Policy Development C.E. Root, Secretary L. Goel, A. Hintze, Z.F. Hussien, W.K. Reder, Past-President K. Tomsovic, Power System Analysis, S. Khan, M. Kiani, I. Kuzle, N. Logic, Computing, & Economics Division VII Director R. Mazzatto, P. Naidoo, B. Presat, F. Cleveland, Power System Communications E.A. Tejera N. Segoshi, K. Shahidul, E. Tobin, S. Vega N. Hatziargyriou, Power System Dynamic Performance Division Director Elect Chapter Committee Chairs R. Arseneau, Power System C. Warren J. Hollman, Membership Data Coordinator Instrumentation & Measurements Region Representatives N. Marium, Chapter/Section Relations R.J. Kafka, Power System Operations Y. Chen, F. Lambert, A. Lazarski, M. Armstrong, Electronic Communications M.L. Chan, Power System Planning M. Nissen, K. Sen, E. Carlsen, Awards & Resources & Implementation E. Uzunovic, United States K. Taylor, Distinguished Lecturer Program M.P. Sanders, Power System Relaying M. Wactor, Standards H. Turanli, Canada Membership & Image C. Vournas, Europe, Middle East, & Africa J. LaMarca, Stationary Battery Committee Chairs H.J. Koch, Substations J.C. Miguez, Latin America A. St Legec, GOLD Coordinator L. Goel, Asia & Pacific F. Waterer, Surge Protective Devices A. Bonthron, Membership Development B. Long, Switchgear Governing Board L. Fan, Membership Development T. Prevost, Transformers Members-at-Large Open, Web Site Development T.E. Grebe, Transmission & Distribution E. Gunther, M. Jensen, T. Prevost M.A.S. Althani, PES WIE Liaison R.J. Piwko, Wind Power Digital Object Identifi er 10.1109/MPE.2010.939789 2 IEEE power & energy magazine Alan C. Rotz, President, IEEE PES greetings from the IEEE Power & Energy Society (PES) leader’s corner leader’s January 15, 2011 take advantage of efficiencies that SG TO: Recipients of this 2011 IEEE PES can offer: Smart Grid Reprint Journal: ✔ Why standards are a critical part Greetings from the IEEE Power & Energy of any SG Solution Society (PES)! ✔ how smart appliances intelligently integrated into the SG can provide consumer control as well as imme- ThE 2010 EdITIon of ThIS SmarT diate efficiency benefits Grid reprint Journal was so well-received ✔ a vision of what a Smart Trans- that PES decided to create a 2011 Edi- mission Grid might look like in tion. The enclosed articles were all have a common look. Companies will the near future published in PES’s Power & Energy first design their SG implementations as a bonus, we’ve included an article magazine during 2010. The articles are to deliver the results they individually by former PES President Wanda reder, re-packaged into this special issue as a see as beneficial, be it reliability, cost et al, that discusses the demographics Thandy reference on various perspec- savings, security, or increased services. of engineers in the power & energy in- tives on Smart Grid (SG). as most of however, the equipment used must be dustry and what one group has been you know, the Grid has been “smart” capable of interoperability with all other working on to address those shortages. for many years. But in the years to equipment that they or other utilities If you are not an IEEE and PES come, it will be getting smarter. Pilot will use. That’s where standards come member, we invite you to join us in this projects have sprung up in many loca- in. PES and other IEEE Societies have challenging and exciting effort to lead tions at all voltages that will hopefully been working hard to update and create the power and energy industries to new provide successful models for full-scale those standards to make sure this horizons. Your ability to network with implementations. PES and other IEEE interoperability goal is met. the brightest minds in the industry will Societies have been working on stan- a compendium of this size will never pay back your investment many times dards and technology for many years be able to deliver all the information over.