ISSN 0250-8362 The WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia, in collaboration with the Western Pacific Region, jointly publish the annual Dengue Bulletin. The objective of the Bulletin is to disseminate updated information on the current Dengue Bulletin status of dengue fever/dengue haemorrhagic fever infection, changing epidemiological patterns, new attempted control strategies, clinical management, information about circulating DENV strains and all other related aspects. The Bulletin also accepts review articles, short notes, book reviews and letters to the editor on DF/DHF-related subjects. Proceedings of national/international meetings for information of research workers and programme managers are also published. All manuscripts received for publication are subjected to in-house review by professional experts and are peer-reviewed by international experts in the respective disciplines. Volume 36, December 2012 Volume Dengue Bulletin Volume 36December, 2012 WHO South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region I SSN 0250- 8362 From the Editor’s Desk uring 2011, the incidence of dengue fever (DF)/dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) showed Da declining trend in the countries of the WHO South-East Asia and Western Pacific regions. Countries in the South-East Asia Region reported 172 053 cases with 871 deaths [case-fatality rate (CFR) 0.5%]. Although all countries showed a marginal decline, Thailand and Indonesia showed a substantial decline. India, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Thailand reported more than 25 000 cases each with a CFR of 0.87%, 0.63% and 0.09% respectively. The WHO Western Pacific Region reported a total of 230 408 cases with 811 deaths, with a CFR of 0.35%. Dengue activity in the Region was variable. While Cambodia reported more cases than in 2010, Lao PDR, Malaysia, the Philippines, Viet Nam and Australia showed a declining trend. Singapore remained static. A mapping of the prevalence of vector-borne diseases (VBDs) in the WHO South-East Asia Region was undertaken during 2011. The maximum burden of VBDs in the Region is borne by India, followed by Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Thailand. The lowest prevalence is in Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Malaria and dengue are prevalent in all Member States, with the exception of malaria in Maldives and dengue in Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Lymphatic filariasis is prevalent in nine of the 11 Member countries. Bhutan joined the list of endemic countries reporting visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) in 2006. The WHO Western Pacific Region has initiated a number of activities on the clinical management of DF/DHF conforming to the WHO revised guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of DF/DHF. These included holding of an Expert Consultation on Regional Clinical Management, drawing on the expertise of the University of Malaya and using material from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Singapore. The Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal published by the WHO Western Pacific Regional Office brought out a special issue entitled “Dengue Special” during 2011 which highlighted dengue lessons, challenges and new approaches. The current volume of Dengue Bulletin (No. 36, 2012) contains contributions by authors from the WHO regions of South-East Asia (14), the Western Pacific (5), the Eastern Mediterranean (3) and the Americas (2). We now invite contributions for Volume 37 (2013). The deadline for the receipt of contributions is 31 May 2013. Contributors are requested to please peruse the instructions given at the end of the Bulletin while preparing their manuscripts. Contributions should either be sent accompanied by CD-ROMs to the Editor, Dengue Bulletin, WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia, Mahatma Gandhi Road, I.P. Estate, Ring Road, New Delhi 110002, India, or by e-mail as a file attachment to the Editor at [email protected]. Readers desirous of obtaining copies of the Dengue Bulletin may write to the WHO regional offices in New Delhi or Manila or the WHO Country Representative in their country of residence. Dr A.P. Dash Regional Adviser, Vector-Borne and Neglected Tropical Diseases Control, and Editor, Dengue Bulletin World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia New Delhi, India. Dengue Bulletin Volume 36, December 2012 South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region ISSN 0250-8362 © World Health Organization 2013 All rights reserved. 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Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the World Health Organization to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for damages arising from its use. The named authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication. Printed in India. Maps disclaimer The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on the maps contained in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. Printed in India Indexation: Dengue Bulletin is being indexed by BIOSIS and Elsevier's Bibliographic Databases including, EMBASE, Compendex, Geobase and Scopus Contents 1. Dengue in South-East Asia: an appraisal of case management and vector control ...................................................................................................1 AP Dash, Rajesh Bhatia and NL Kalra 2. Identifying requirements for targeted risk communication in prevention of dengue transmission in vulnerable areas, Mawlamyaing, Myanmar .................14 Pe Thet Zaw, Khin Thet Wai, Tin Oo, Zaw Win, Hlaing Myat Thu, Moe Thida, Phyu Sin Aye and Tin Tin Wai 3. The benefits and challenges of scaling up dengue surveillance in Saudi Arabia from a GIS perspective ...............................................................26 Hassan M Khormi, Ramze A Elzahrany and Lalit Kumar 4. Trends of dengue infections (1997–2008) in Cebu Province, Philippines .........37 Frances Edillo and Susana Madarieta 5. Dengue in the northernmost part of Brazil from 1999 to 2011: characterization of circulating DENV strains ....................................................50 Pablo Oscar Amézaga Acosta, Joel da Silva Cordeiro, Fabiana Granja, Thalita Caroline da Silva Siqueira, Francisco Eduardo Gomes Brito, Aline Gondim de Freitas, Débora Dinelly de Sousa, Joel de Melo Lima, George Allan Villarouco da Silva, Raphaela Honorato Barletta-Naveca, Victor Costa de Souza, Vera Margarete Scarpassa and Felipe Gomes Naveca 6. Climatic factors affecting dengue fever incidence in Lahore, Pakistan ..............64 Hassan Z Baig and Anem J Nawaz 7. Risk assessment and risk maps using a simple dengue fever model ..................73 José Eduardo Marques Pessanha 8. Aedes survey following a dengue outbreak in Lahore, Pakistan, 2011 ..............87 Muhammad Saeed Akhtar, Ayesha Aihetasham, Mehwish Saeed and Ghazanfer Abbass 9. Performance of WHO probable case definition of dengue in Kerala, India, and its implications for surveillance and referral ....................................94 Zinia T Nujum, Vijayakumar K, Pradeep Kumar AS, Anoop M, Sreekumar E, Ramani Bai JT, Dalus D, Lalitha Kailas, Saritha N, Anitha Abraham, Anto Varghese, Raji RT and Sudheesh Kumar TK Dengue Bulletin – Volume 36, 2012 i 10. Early predictors of dengue infection in adults (EPOD) – a Malaysian outpatient experience ...................................................................................105 Emer Breen, Indrani Pemmulu, Daisy SH Ong, Shamala Devi Sekaran, Praba Appana, Thien Hoong Tew, EM Khoo, Lesley Pillans, Noor Azina Ismail, Sharifah FS Omar, Sasheela Ponnampalavanar, R Vhimaleshwari and Lucy CS Lum 11. Levels of serum transaminases in patients of dengue fever during the 2011 outbreak in Lahore, Pakistan ................................................................116 Sabrina Rashid and Farhana Shahzad 12. Dengue-specific IgA in different body fluids: a prospective alternative for dengue diagnosis in resource-poor