Radiology of Infectious Diseases: Volume 2 Hongjun Li Editor Radiology of Infectious Diseases: Volume 2 Editor Hongjun Li Beijing You An Hospital Capital Medical University Diagnostic Radiology Department Beijing China ISBN 978-94-017-9875-4 ISBN 978-94-017-9876-1 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-9876-1 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015943785 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht and People's Medical Publishing House 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer Science+Business Media B.V. Dordrecht is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) I am unwilling to alienate my wife, daughter, seniors, friends, and students. However, in order to publish this book, I had to give up my chances of enjoying family gatherings, and I had to give up chances of having good times with the seniors and my friends to write. To my wife, Dongying Bao, I dedicate this treatise, for her support, encourage- ments, and trust to my persistence in academic career development. To my daughter, Zhen Li, I dedicate this treatise, for giving me strength. To my leaders and my team, I dedicate this treatise, to appreciate their powerful support to my work. Hongjun Li Foreword I In recent years, remarkable progress has been achieved in the prevention and control of infec- tious diseases in China. However, along with social development, environmental and human behaviors change. As a consequence, new infectious diseases have been identifi ed, with recur- rence of traditional infectious diseases, both of which impose great challenges to the health- care system in China. Complications of infectious diseases and their proper management are of great importance to the therapeutic outcomes of the diseases and the quality of patients’ life, which deserve focused scholarly and clinical attention. Radiology, as an essential method for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these complications, constitutes an important proce- dure in the whole course of preventing and controlling infectious diseases. Although recent years witness an increasing number of publications in radiology, those concerning infectious diseases are rare. Committed to clinical application and basic research of radiology of infectious diseases for years, Prof. Li has gained much experience and abun- dant data in this fi eld. Based on his previous gains and contributions, he, as the chief editor, led vii viii Foreword I his team composed mainly by professionals from the Department of Radiology at Beijing You’an Hospital to fi nish compiling this treatise, Radiology of Infectious Diseases, within 4 years. This book falls into 3 parts, with 59 chapters in about 2 million bytes and over 3,000 fi gures. The comprehensive and original content makes it a treatise with newness and importance in the fi eld of radiology. I believe and expect that the publication of this book plays a positive role in preventing and controlling the infectious diseases as well as in promoting the development of radiology. Academician of Chinese Engineering Academy Fuwai Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing, China Foreword II The profound changes of environment and human behaviors have produced tremendous impacts on the occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases, such as SARS in 2004, infl u- enza caused by H1N1 in 2009, and infl uenza caused by H7N9 in 2013. The current occurrence and prevalence of infectious diseases are characterized by continual emergence of new infec- tious diseases and recurrence of traditional infectious diseases, which impose threats to the health of human beings. Since the common cause of death in patients with infectious diseases is the occurrence of complications, the early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these complications turn out to be critical for the survival and quality of life of the patients. While diagnostic imaging, such as CT, X-ray, and MRI, plays an important role in the early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of complications, radiology thus constitutes an important procedure for the favorable out- comes of infectious diseases. The insuffi cient systematic knowledge about radiology of infec- tious diseases and the urgent need for its clinical application underline the compilation and publication of this book. Currently, scientifi c literature on systematic theories about the clinical radiology of the 39 national legitimated and over 10 infectious diseases is still rarely found. The classical original treatise, Radiology of Infectious Diseases , has not been published. Previous radiological data on infectious diseases is either lost or scattered, which necessitates their collection, summari- zation, and systematic studies for compilation of a treatise. It is urgent to incorporate relevant ix x Foreword II resources worldwide for multiple-centered research and systematic knowledge in the fi eld. Such a book defi nitely helps to avoid the embarrassment of no referential data in protecting against traditional infectious diseases. On these accounts, Prof. Li proceeded from his 15-year observations and studies on clinical applications of radiology of infectious diseases to compile texts and data, with key points and generalizations. Based on his previous publications of ten treatises in either Chinese or English, including Atlas of Differential Diagnosis in HIV/AIDS (PMPH Press, Beijing), Radiology of Infl uenza A (H1N1) (Springer), and Radiology of HIV/AIDS (Springer), Prof. Li completed this book, Radiology of Infectious Diseases. He has consecutively received supports from the National Science and Technology Publishing Fund. Three of his books have been chosen as the planning project book in the program of internationally publishing referential books in Western medicine initiated by the Ministry of Health in China. From conception to completion of the manuscript, lasting for more than 2 years, the contributors had been comprehensively trained three times. Guided and organized by several professionals, more than 40 medical institutions and 50 professionals contributed to compiling the manuscript and collecting cases. The resources nationwide were incorporated for the fi nal manuscript. This book encompasses 3 parts, with 59 chapters in about 2 million bytes and over 3,000 fi gures. Its contents range from imaging morphology to molecular imaging, including general introduction to medical radiol- ogy, procedures of diagnostic imaging, general introduction to infectious diseases, and specifi c sections of radiology of infectious diseases. The well-structured and systematic knowledge is reader friendly, with convenience for searching and reading. It well demonstrates radiology of infectious diseases, providing valuable guidance for accurate radiological diagnosis of infec- tious diseases, preventing related complications, and improving therapeutic outcomes. It also provides scientifi c basis and technological support for reducing the incidence and mortality of infectious diseases. All the fi rsthand data in the book lay a solid foundation for further research in radiology of infectious diseases. Radiology of Infectious Diseases , edited by Prof. Hongjun Li, will jointly be published by Elsevier and People’s Medical Publishing House and present to domestic and international professionals a new area of medical radiology. The book will serve as an important reference for prevention, treatment, and research of infectious diseases in both fi elds of clinical medicine and medical radiology. It is my great honor and pleasure to compose the foreword for this book, because it has taken the editor and contributors 4 years to complete the manuscript, with comprehensive and systematic contents as well as a highly readable style. I believe the book will improve the pub- lic cognition to infectious diseases, promote related academic communication, and advance the development in preventing and controlling infectious diseases. Jianping Dai Board Chair at International Medical Communication Foundation, China Vice President of Chinese Medical Association Foreign Academician, Academy of American Medical Sciences Foreword III As a special group of diseases in the disease spectrum, infectious diseases, especially those highly contagious, are isolated from common health-care institutions. Within institutions spe- cialized in preventing and controlling infectious diseases, those acute infectious conditions bear insuffi cient data in diagnostic