January 2010 Phase 2 Report on Environmental Building Regulations & Guidelines to achieve Energy Efficiency in Bangalore City Prepared for Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Partnership Vienna International Center, Austria www.teriin.org www.teriuniversity.ac.in © The Energy and Resources Institute 2010 Suggested format for citation T E R I. 2010 Development of Building Regulations and Guidelines for Energy Efficiency, Bangalore City The Energy and Resources Institute. 154 pp. [Project Report No. 2009BS03] For more information T E R I University Tel . 25356590 Centre for Research on Sustainable E-mail [email protected] Building Science Group (CRSBS) Fax 25356589 Southern Regional Centre Web www.teriin.org Bangalore – 560 071 India +91 • Bangalore (0) 80 India TERI University Project Team Ms. Minni Mehrotra Ms. Mili Majumdar Mr. Pradeep Kumar Ms. Priyanka Kochhar Dr. Hina Zia Mr. T Senthil Kumar Mr. Nitish Poonia Mr. Kiriti Sahoo TERI University Project Advisor Dr. A Ravindra, Advisor to Chief Minister of Karnataka (Urban Affairs) Mr. P R Dasgupta, I A S (Retd), Senior Advisor & Coordinator for TERI South Regional Centre Secretarial Assistance Ms. Jyothi Acknowledgements We are thankful to the Government of Karnataka officials for their full co-operation and support to carry this project in Bangalore city. We would like to thank: 1. Sri Bharat Lal Meena, I.A.S, Commissioner, Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike, Narasimha Raja Square, Bangalore – 560 002 2. Sri Thirukangowdru, Joint Director Town, Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike, Narasimha Raja Square, Bangalore – 560 002 3. Sri Siddaiah, I.A.S, Commissioner, Bangalore Development Authority, T. Chowdaiah Road, Kumara Park West, Bangalore – 560 020 4. Sri R. Rangaswamy, Executive Engineer (Electrical) Bangalore Development Authority, T. Chowdaiah Road, Kumara Park West, Bangalore – 560 020 5. Sri T. D. Nanjundappa, Engineer Officer-III, Bangalore Development Authority, T. Chowdaiah Road, Kumara Park West, Bangalore – 560 020 6. Sri Tushar Girinath, MD, Bangalore Electricity Supply Company Limited, K R Circle Bangalore - 560 001 7. Sri B. N. Sathyaprema Kumar, General Manager (HRD), Bangalore Electricity Supply Company Limited, K R Circle Bangalore - 560 001 8. Sri Shivananda Murthy H G, MD, Karnataka Renewable Energy Development Ltd., No.19, Maj. Gen. A D Loghanathan, INA Cross, Queen's road., Bangalore - 560052. 9. Dr H. Naganagouda, Assistant General Manager, Karnataka Renewable Energy Development Ltd., No.19, Maj. Gen. A D Loghanathan, INA Cross, Queen's road., Bangalore - 560052. List of Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................. 1 EXISTING B YE L AWS & R EVISIONS PR OPO SE D ...................................... 1 FRAME WORK OF ENVIRONMENTAL B UILDING R EGULATIONS AND G UIDELINES FOR B ANGALORE C IT Y .......................................................... 3 GUIDELINE 1: SOLAR PASSIVE D ESIGN FOR NEW B UILDINGS ....................4 1.1.1 MANDATORY CLAUSE TO BE INCLUDED IN THE REVISED B YE L A W S .. 4 1.2 TECHNICAL N OTES FOR SOLAR PASSIVE DESIGN FOR N EW B UILDINGS .... 4 1.2.1 S OLAR P ASSIVE DE SI GN ..................................................4 1.2.2 L ANDSCAPING ............................................................. 5 1.2.3 WATER B ODI ES ........................................................... 5 1.2.4 O RIENTATION .............................................................6 1.2.5 B UILDING FORM / SURFACE TO VOLUME RATIO ........................8 1.2.6 O PTIMIZATION OF BUILDING ENVELOPE ................................8 1.2.7 W AL L S .....................................................................9 1.2.8 THERMAL STORAGE / THERMAL CAPACITY .............................9 1.2.9 C ONDUCTANCE ............................................................9 1.2.10 THERMAL INSULATION ................................................ 10 1.2.11 OPTIMIZATION OF ROOF .............................................. 10 1.2.12 HEAT GAINS THROUGH ROOFS CAN BE REDUCED BY ADOPTING THE FOLLOWING TECHNIQUES . ..................................................... 11 1.2.13 FENESTRATION AND SH A DIN G ........................................15 1.2.14 FINISHES ................................................................15 1.2.15 ....... B ENEFITS OF ECBC RECOMMENDED ENVELOPE IN COMPARISON WITH CONVENTIONAL BUILDING ENVELOPE FOR AIR CONDITI ONED BUILDINGS IN B ANGALORE ................................................... 16 1.2.16 E XTERNAL SHADING OF THE ENVELOPE ..............................17 1.3 L IFE CYCLE C OST ANALYSIS ................................................... 17 1.4 DAYLIGHT INTEGRATION ..................................................... 18 1.5 B UILDING ENVELOPE OPTIMIZATION FOR NATURALLY VENTILA TED BUILDINGS TO ACHIEVE THERMAL COMFORT ................................ 18 1.6 L OW ENERGY P ASSIVE C OOLING S TRATEGIES FOR B ANGAL OR E ............21 1.6.1 V ENTILATION ............................................................21 1.6.2 RADIATIVE COOLING ................................................... 24 1.6.3 SOME LOW ENERGY COOLING & DESIGN STRATEGIES THAT COULD BE ADOPTED IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN B ANGALORE ARE DESCRIBED B EL OW . T HESE STRATEGIES WERE ANALYSED IN TRNSYS SOFTWARE . ... 25 1.7 EXAMPLE OF A NATURALLY V ENTILATED OFFICE B UILDING IN B ANGAL ORE ................................................................................. 25 1.8 S UM M AR Y : ..................................................................... 26 1.8.1 N ATURALLY VENTILATED BUILDINGS RECOMMENDATIONS .......... 26 1.9 GL OSSA RY :....................................................................... 26 1.10 R EF ERENCE : ................................................................... 27 L IGHTING MANUFACTURER CONTACT DETAILS ................................... 27 GUIDELINES 2: P ROVIDE ROOF TREATMENT TO CUT HEAT GAINS ............... 28 2.1 MANDATORY CLAUSE TO BE INCLUDED IN THE REVISED B Y E L A W S ........ 28 2.2 T ECHNICAL G UI DAN CE ......................................................... 28 2.2.1 B RIEF INTRODUCTION ................................................. 28 2.2.2 H EAT GAINS THROUGH ROOFS CAN BE REDUCED BY ADOPTING THE FOLLOWING TECHNIQUES ..................................................... 30 2.2.3 WHY IS THIS REQUIRED ? .............................................. 34 2.2.4 HOW IS IT BENEFICIAL ? ............................................... 34 2.3 GL OSSARY : ..................................................................... 36 2.4 REFERENCES : .................................................................. 36 GUIDELINE 3: WINDOW DE SI GN ...................................................... 37 3.1 F OR A IR - CONDITIONED BUILDINGS .......................................... 37 3.2 F OR N ON - CONDITIONED BUILDINGS......................................... 38 3.3.1 WINDOWS IN AI R -CONDITIONED BUILDINGS ........................ 41 3.3.2 WINDOWS IN N ON -C ONDITIONED BUILDING ........................ 46 3.3.3 WINDOW D ESIGN FOR NATURAL VENTILATION ...................... 50 3.4 GL OSSARY ...................................................................... 54 3.5 REFERENCES ................................................................... 54 GU I D ELI N E 4: ENERGY E FFICIENCY IN A RTIFICIAL LI GH TI NG ................. 56 4.1.1 F OR B UILDINGS WITH CONNECTED ELECTRICAL LOAD MORE THAN 100 K W ......................................................................... 56 4.1.2 FO R R ESIDENTIAL B UILDINGS ........................................ 56 4.2.1 C OMMERCIAL & R ESIDENTIAL B UILDINGS ........................... 57 4.3.1 EFFICIENCY IN ARTIFICIAL L IGHTING SC H EM E ...................... 58 4.3.2 E XTERNAL L I GHTIN G .................................................. 58 4.3.3 INTERNAL L IGHTING FOR N EW C OMMERCIAL BUILDINGS .......... 61 4.3.4 R ETROFITTING OPTIONS IN E XISTING COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS ....77 4.3.5 INTERNAL L IGHTING FOR N EW R ESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS ...........77 4.3.6 R ETROFITTING OPTIONS IN E XISTING RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS ... 80 GUIDELINE 5: ENERGY EFFICIENT A I R CONDITIONING SYSTEM DESIGN FOR BUILDINGS .................................................................... 83 5. 1 G UIDELIN E : ................................................................... 83 5.1.1 MANDATORY CLAUSE TO BE INCLUDED IN THE REVISED B Y E L A W S 83 5. 2 TECHNICAL N O TES ............................................................ 83 5.2.1 AIR CONDITIONING ..................................................... 83 5.2.2 G UIDELINES ON OPTIMIZATION OF COOLING LOAD ESTIMATION ... 84 5.2.3 G UIDELINES ON AHU SPECIFICATIONS TO ACHIEVE ENERGY EFFICIENCY .................................................................... 87 5.2.4 G UIDELINES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT C HILLERS ..................... 90 5.2.5 G UIDELINES FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT C OOLING T O WER ............. 93 GUIDELINE 6: R EPLACE EXISTING EQUIPMENT BY MINIMUM 3 STAR RATED BEE LABELED APPLIANCES EQUIPMENT AND USE MINIMUM 3 STAR RATED BEE LABELED APPLIANCES / EQUIPMENT IN ALL NEW BUILDINGS .................................................................... 94 MANDATORY REQUIREMENT IN ALL PROCUREMENT NORMS FOR G OV ERN M EN T AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS ....................................................... 94 6.1.1 S TAR RATING FOR FROST FREE REFRIGERATOR ...................... 96 6.1.2 STAR R ATING - R OOM A IR C ONDITIONERS ........................... 97 6.1.3 STAR RATING - DIRECT C OOL R EFRIGERATOR