SOL 4.2 Motion, Kinetic Energy, Friction 4. A person pushes a box as shown. What is the push most Released Test Questions (2002-2012) likely to change? Compiled by SOLpass – www.solpass.org (2008 test – question 3) a. The size of the box b. The mass of the box Motion c. The color of the box d. The position of the box Kinetic – Potential Energy 1. To describe this car’s motion, a student should use its — 5. What kind of energy do all moving objects have? (2007 test – question 9) (2009 test – question 12) a. direction and speed a. Light energy b. mass and volume b. Solar energy c. speed and color c. Kinetic energy d. volume and direction d. Renewable energy 2. An object is traveling north at a speed of 12 kilometers 6. Which labeled part in per hour. Which characteristic of the object is being this picture has described? evidence of kinetic (2011 test – question 9) energy? a. Matter (2008 test – question 39) b. Motion a. 1 c. Volume b. 2 d. Temperature c. 3 d. 4 7. Which of these has kinetic energy? (a) (2007 test – question 27) 8. Which of these best shows kinetic 3. Two moving boats are photographed from above at 3:00 energy? ( c ) p.m. and 3:15 p.m. Which statement correctly compares (2004 test – question 22) their motion? (2010 test – question 22) a. They are traveling in the same direction at equal speeds. b. They are traveling in opposite directions at equal speeds. c. They are traveling in the same direction, and boat 2 has a greater speed. d. They are traveling in opposite directions, and boat 2 has a slower speed. 9. A student throws a ball. Which of these best describes the moving ball? (2008 test – question 20) FRICTION a. The ball has light energy. b. The ball has kinetic energy. 14. The box would be easier to move if the surface of the c. The ball is transferring sound energy to the air. ramp was smoother because there would be less — d. The ball is transferring light energy to the air. (2011 test – question 37) a. mass in the box 10. Which roller coaster will b. friction opposing the not have enough kinetic box energy at the bottom of c. gravity pulling on the first hill to carry the the box car over the second hill? d. distance to push the ( c ) box (2001 test – question 3) 15. A student rolls a ball on the ground. Which of these causes the ball to slow down and then stop? (2009 test – question 27) a. The motion of the ball b. The speed of the ball c. Friction from the ground d. A magnetic field 16. A bicyclist rides on a flat road and then stops pedaling but does not apply the brakes. The bicycle stops 11. When a coin is dropped, it falls to the ground. As the because of — coin falls, it loses potential energy and gains what kind of (2008 test – question 25) energy? a. balance (2002 test – question 34) b. friction a. Kinetic c. attraction b. Chemical d. magnetism c. Electrical d. Solar 12. Which picture shows the book with the most potential energy? ( c ) (2001 test – question 32 ) 17. Useful friction is created by the — (2005 test – question 12) a. gears b. curved handlebars c. spokes d. brakes 13. Which picture shows an object that has kinetic energy? ( c ) (2011 test – question 13) P.5.6 Newton’s Laws of Motion P.5.6 Motions, Forces, and Energy Part I: Diagrams (Diagrams will vary) Directions: Draw a simple diagram of each word. Write the letter of the statement that explains the word next to the word. Force Unbalanced Force Balanced Force 1 2 5 Position Direction Speed 4 6 3 1. A push or a pull that causes an object to move, stop, or change direction 2. A force not cancelled out by another force 3. How fast something is moving 4. Where something is 5. Has a net force of zero 6. A straight path 1 P.5.6 Newton’s Laws of Motion P.5.6 Motions, Forces, and Energy Part II: True Statements Directions: Circle the word in parentheses that makes the statement true. 1. A toy car is pushed across a room, which shows a change in its position and location. This is called (friction, movement). 2. An iron nail is (pushed, pulled) toward a magnet. 3. (Motion, speed) is when an object is moving faster than other objects nearby, resulting in a noticeable difference. 4. A baseball player wears cleats to increase the (position, friction) between his shoes and the ground. 5. A person standing behind another on a swing will (pull, push) to continue movement. 6. If no motion happens, the forces are considered (unbalanced, balanced). 7. Opening a door is an example of a(n) (balanced, unbalanced) force. 8. A change in (direction, speed) would be turning left or right. 2 P.5.6 Newton's Laws of Motion Reading Science — Gravity Lexile 880L 1. Jessica had compiled a list of the top 20 activities she hoped to accomplish this year. Jessica double-checked her list, and there it was: #14. Ride a roller coaster. It was already November, so she needed to get serious if she wanted to complete her list on time. She had talked her family into heading to the amusement park for their weekend destination. 2. “I’m the oldest, so I say we sit in the rst cart,” Jessica declared. She was only 11, but she was still older than her two brothers, Mike, who was 9, and Johnny, who was 7. “Besides, it’s my list!” The family was impatiently waiting in line for their turn to ride the roller coaster. The roller coaster was famous for its high elevation and drop, and all the kids were excited to experience it. However, the problem was they all thought that different carts would be the best spot to sit. Jessica wanted the rst cart, Mike wanted the last cart, and Johnny wanted the middle cart. 3. “No!” Johnny argued. “I’m telling you, the middle cart would be great!” 4. “No way! I want the rst cart, so we can see what’s coming up!” Jessica insisted. “I don’t want my vision blocked by people in front of me.” 5. “Guys, we all know the last one would be the most fun! Right, Dad?” Mike asked. “It would be the best for the big drop, right?” Their dad turned and faced all the kids. 6. “Actually, if you want to get the most out of the drop, then Mike is right. The rear car is the best spot on a roller coaster because the twists and turns are more noticeable,” their dad said. Jessica and Johnny scowled as they looked down toward the ground. Mike grinned and said, “I told you so!” 7. “It all depends on the force of gravity, so the last cart would be the best,” their dad explained. “When the carts start going up the hill, it slows down because gravity is pulling on it from behind, but when the rst car makes it over the apex, gravity pulls the car down the other side of the hill. So, because of the pull of gravity, the rst car starts to accelerate, which accelerates the second car, then the third car, and so on.” 8. “So by the time the last cart nally arrives at the top, it will be speeding like a rocket!” Mike proudly exclaimed. 9. Jessica and Johnny were both angry that Mike was right, but they still agreed to the last cart. After all, Jessica did want to cross #14 off her list! The family waited anxiously as the line got shorter and shorter. 10. “Which cart?” the man that was in charge of the roller coaster asked. Mike smiled and proudly replied. 11. “We want the last one. Since the force of gravity will start to pull on the rst cart at the beginning of the drop, the last cart will receive the most acceleration!” 12. “Well, kid, it looks like you know your stuff. The last one it is!” The man stepped aside as they piled into the last cart. The kids had butteries in their stomachs as the roller coaster jerked forward and they slowly ascended. They gripped the handlebars as the top got nearer and nearer. The rst cart lurched over the top, and everyone screamed. Jessica and her family raised their arms in the air as, one by one, the carts were hauled over by the carts in front of them, and soon, the last cart went racing over the top! 13. All too soon, the ride slowly came to a stop. Jessica hated to admit it, but Mike had made her #14 activity awesome! Question 1 The author uses gurative language in Paragraph 8 to emphasize– how the roller coaster looks. that the roller coaster is very loud. the roller coaster’s speed. the roller coaster’s up-and-down movement. Question 2 Which of the following details supports the conclusion that Jessica likes to be right? “Besides, it’s my list” Jessica hated to admit it, but Mike had made her #14 activity awesome! “I’m telling you, the middle cart would be great!” Jessica wanted the rst cart, Mike wanted the last cart, and Johnny wanted the middle cart. Question 3 Paragraphs 2 through 5 are important because they show– the setting of the story.