KU 5TH SEM ASSIGNMENT - BSIT (TA) - 52 (WEB PROGRAMMING) Assignment: TA (Compulsory) 1. What is the meaning of Web? Explain in detail the building elements of web Web is a complex network of international , cross plateform, and cross cultural communicating devices, connected to each other without any ordering or pattern. There are two most important building blocks of web: HTML and HTTP. HTML: - HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language. HTML is a very simple language used to ―describe‖ the logical structure of a document. Actually, HTML is often called programming language it is really not. Programming languages are ―Turing-complete‖, or ―computable‖. That is, programming languages can be used to compute something such as the square root of pi or some other such task. Typically programming languages use conditional branches and loops and operate on data contained in abstract data structures. HTML is much easier than all of that. HTML is simply a ‗markup language‘ used to define a logical structure rather than compute anything. HTTP: - HTTP is a ―request-response‖ type protocol. It is a language spoken between web browser (client software) and a web server (server software) so that can communicate with each other and exchange files. Now let us understand how client/server system works using HTTP. A client/server system works something like this: A big piece of computer (called a server) sits in some office somewhere with a bunch of files that people might want access to. This computer runs a software package that listens all day long to requests over the wires. 2. “ HTML is the Language of the Web” Justify the statement HTML is often called a programming language it is really not. Programming languages are ‗Turing-complete‘, or ‗computable‘. That is, programming languages can be used to compute something such as the square root of pi or some other such task. Typically programming languages use conditional branches and loops and operate on data contained in abstract data structures. HTML is much easier than all of that. HTML is simply a ‗markup language‘ used to define a logical structure rather than compute anything. For example, it can describe which text the browser should emphasize, which text should be considered body text versus header text, and so forth. The beauty of HTML of course is that it is generic enough that it can be read and interpreted by a web browser running on any machine or operating system. This is because it only focuses on describing the logical nature of the document, not on the specific style. The web browser is responsible for adding style. For instance emphasized text might be bolded in one browser and italicized in another. it is up to the browser to decide 3. Give the different classification of HTML tags with examples for each category LIST OF HTML TAGS :- Tags for Document Structure · HTML · HEAD · BODY Heading Tags · TITLE · BASE · META · STYLE · LINK Block-Level Text Elements · ADDRESS · BLOCKQUOTE · DIV · H1 through H6 · P · PRE · XMP Lists · DD · DIR · DL · DT · LI · MENU · OL · UL Text Characteristics · B · BASEFONT · BIG · BLINK · CITE · CODE · EM · FONT · I · KBD · PLAINTEXT · S · SMALL 4. Write CGI application which accepts 3 numbers from the user and displays biggest number using GET and POST methods #!/usr/bin/perl #print "Content-type:text/html\n\n"; #$form = $ENV{'QUERY_STRING'}; use CGI; $cgi = new CGI; print $cgi->header; print $cgi->start_html( "Question Ten" ); my $one = $cgi->param( 'one' ); my $two = $cgi->param( 'two' ); my $three = $cgi->param( 'three' ); if( $one && $two && $three ) { $lcm = &findLCM( &findLCM( $one, $two ), $three ); print "LCM is $lcm"; } else { print ' '; print 'Enter First Number '; print 'Enter Second Number '; print 'Enter Third Number '; print ' '; print " "; } print $cgi->end_html; sub findLCM(){ my $x = shift; my $y = shift; my $temp, $ans; if ($x < $y) { $temp = $y; $y = $x; $x = $temp; } $ans = $y; $temp = 1; while ($ans % $x) { $ans = $y * $temp; $temp++ ; } return $ans; } 5. What is Javascript? Give its importance in web. JavaScript is an easy to learn way to ―Script―your web pages that is have them to do actions that cannot be handled with HTML alone. With JavaScript, you can make text scroll across the screen like ticker tape; you can make pictures change when you move over them, or any other number of dynamic enhancement. JavaScript is generally only used inside of HTML document. i) JavaScript control document appearance and content. ii) JavaScript control the browser. iii) JavaScript interact with document content. iv) JavaScript interact with the user. v) JavaScript read and write client state with cookies. vi) JavaScript interact with applets. vii) JavaScript manipulate embedded images. 6. Explain briefly Cascading Style Sheets Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) is a part of DHTML that controls the look and placement of the element on the page. With CSS you can basically set any style sheet property of any element on a html page. One of the biggest advantages with the CSS instead of the regular way of changing the look of elements is that you split content from design. You can for instance link a CSS file to all the pages in your site that sets the look of the pages, so if you want to change like the font size of your main text you just change it in the CSS file and all pages are updated. 7. What is CGI? List the different CGI environment variables CGI or ―Common Gateway Interface‖ is a specification which allows web users to run program from their computer.CGI is a part of the web server that can communicate with other programs running on the server. With CGI, the web server can call up a program, while passing user specific data to a program. The program then processes that data and the server passes the program‘s response back to the web browser. When a CGI program is called, the information that is made available to it can be roughly broken into three groups:- i). Information about client, server and user. ii). Form data that are user supplied. iii). Additional pathname information. Most Information about client, server and user is placed in CGI environmental variables. Form data that are user supplied is incorporated in environment variables. Extra pathname information is placed in environment variables. i). GATEWAY_INTERFACE –T he revision of the common Gateway interface that the server uses. ii). SERVER_NAME – The Server‘s hostname or IP address. iii). SERVER_PORT – The port number of the host on which the server is running. iv). REQUEST_METHOD – The method with which the information request is issued. v). PATH_INFO – Extra path information passed to the CGI program 8. What is PERL? Explain PERl control structures with the help of an example Perl control structures include conditional statement, such as if/elseif/else blocks as well as loop like for each, for and while. i). Conditional statements - If condition – The structure is always started by the word if, followed by a condition to be evaluated, then a pair the braces indicating the beginning and end of the code to be executed if the condition is true. If(condition) {condition to be executed } - Unless – Unless is similar to if. You wanted to execute code only if a certain condition were false. If($ varname! = 23) { #code to execute if $ varname is not 23 } - The same test can be done using unless: Unless ($ varname== 23) { #code to execute if $ varname is not 23 } ii). Looping – Looping allow you to repeat code for as long as a condition is met. Perl has several loop control structures: foreach, for, while and until. - While Loop – A while loop executes as long as a particular condition is true: While (condition) { #code to run as long as condition is true. } - Until Loop – A until loops the reverse of while. It executes as long as a particular condition is not true: While (condition) { #code to run as long as condition is not true. } KU 5TH SEM ASSIGNMENT - BSIT (TB) - 51 (GRAPHICS & MULTIMEDIA) Assignment: TB (Compulsory) 1. What is the need for computer graphics?Computers have become a powerful tool for the rapid and economical production of pictures. Computer Graphics remains one of the most exciting and rapidly growing fields. Old Chinese saying ― One picture is worth of thousand words‖ can be modified in this computer era into ― One picture is worth of many kilobytes of data‖. It is natural to expect that graphical communication, which is an older and more popular method of exchanging information than verbal communication, will often be more convenient when computers are utilized for this purpose. This is true because one must represent objects in two-dimensional and three-dimensional spaces. Computer Graphics has revolutionized almost every computer-based application in science and technology. 2. What is graphics processor? Why it is needed?To provide visual interface, additional processing capability is to be provided to the existing CPU. The solution is to provide dedicated graphic processor. This helps in managing the screen faster with an equivalent software algorithm executed on the CPU and certain amount of parallelism can be achieved for completing the graphic command. Several manufacturers of personal computers use a proprietary graphic processor. For example, Intel 82786 is essentially a line drawing processor; Texas Instruments 43010 is a high performance general- purpose processor. 3. What is a pixel? Pixel (picture element): Pixel may be defined as the smallest size object or color spot that can be displayed and addressed on a monitor. Any image that is displayed on the monitor is made up of thousands of such small pixels. The closely spaced pixels divide the image area into a compact and uniform two-dimensional grid of pixel lines and columns.