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N85- 10632 2: INDICATIVE VALUE CE BACBCMYCETES IN FOREST ASSOCIATIONS, A: INITIAL CONSIDERATIONS (NationL1 Aeronautics and Unclas i Space Ad- :±istration) 83 p HC A05/MF A01 G3/51 24236 Nk9 , 'ECHNICAL MEMORANDUM NASA TM-77485 t THE FUNGI OF MT. BABIA GORA. II. INDICATIVE VALUE OF MACROM`tCETES IN FOAZST ASSOCIATIONS. a. INITIAL CONSIDERATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LOWER SUBALPINE FORESTS Anna Bui akiewicz a t i Translation of "Grzyby Babiej Gory. II. Wartosc wskaznikowa macromycetes w zespolach lesnych. a. Uwagi wstepne i Q i charakterystyka lasow regla dolnego," Acta M"ycologica, Vol. 17, Nos. 1-2, 1981, pp 63-125. f i, d • f -8 ir, q \j •till yy t i 4II, NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION } '^ WASHINGTON, D.C. 20546 TUNE 1984 <fi Al -x...:s ".a `. A .Y STANDARD TITLE PACE 1. Report No. T. Government Accession No. 1 Y. Rsclpient'i Catalog No. NASA TM-77485 _ A. Title and hy brids S. Report Date June 1984 FUNGI OF MT. BABIA GORA. II. INDICATIVE VALUE 0 MACROMYCETES IN FOREST ASSOCIATIONS. a. INITIA a. Parfonalnp Organisation Code rnmqTnRRAiinWq ► { 7. Authol(s) L Paufanalnp Orgon4atlan Report No. Anna Bujakiewicz--Department of Plant Ecology and Environmental Protection, Institute of 10. Work Unit No. Bioloav, Adam Mickiewicz University 9. Performing atconisation Name and Address H. Contract at Grant No. ,. NASa-VS41 Leo Kanner Associates Redwood City, California 94063 11 Type of Report and Period Covered 11. ,Sponsoring Agency Nam• and Address* it. Sponsoring Agency Code National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 15, 5%1; ;l...entery Note Translation of "Grzyby Babiej Gory. II. Wartosc wskaznikowa macromycetesl w zespolach lesnych. a. Uwagi wstepne i charakterystyka lasow regla i dolnego," Acta Mycological, Vol. 17, NOs. 1-2, 1981 7 pp 63-125. 16. lbeiroct Mycosociological investigations were performed in the course of an 8-year observation on 65 permanent plots, set by a phytosociologist in homogenous patches of 8 strictly defined forest associations, developed on Mt. Babia Gora on slopes of north and south exposure. In this part of the elabora- tion only preliminary remarks, methods of investigation and mycofloristic description of forests confined to the lower montane forest zone is com- prised. OF POOR QUALi y 17. Key Wotdoq (Selected oy Author(q) 18. Distribution Statement UNLIMITED 19. Secvraty Closed. (of thlo roporl) 20. Setvttty Cioeelf. (of this pope) 21. No. of Pager: 22. Unclassified unclassified 83 THE FUNGI OF MT. BABIA GORA. II. INDICATIVE VALUE OF 63 MACROMYCETES IN FOREST ASSOCIATIONS. a. INITIAL CONSIDERATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LOWER SUBALPINE FORESTS Anna Bujakiewicz DF.partment of Plant Ecology and Environmental Protection, Institute of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University t Introduction tt Mycosociological studies have arisen from the need for more complete information concerning the complicated structure of plant communities. These studies are aimed at a complete understanding of the grouping of fungi and the definition of their role in the biocenosis. Many authors (for example Hoefler 1937; Wasilkow 1938; Haas 1953 and Nespiak 1968) have already turned their attention to the need, indeed the necessity of this type of research. In Poland, this type of research was begun by Nespiak (1955, 1959) in natural, narrowly defined plant associations, chiefly forest associations. a, Bialowiesky National Park provided a good methodological basis. r Presently, our mycosociological literature numbers several tens of observational studies of this type. These concern most of the lower `s forest communities of Poland (Nespiak 1955, 1959; Lisiewska 1961, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1974; Lawrynowicz 1973; Endler 1971; Bujakiewicz 3 1969, 1973 and others) and valley& and uplands (Wojewoda 1960, 1975; Salata 1972; bujakiewicz 1975 and others). One of them (Lisiewska 1974) encompasses beech forests in Central and Western Europe. i lNumbers in the margin indicate pagination in the foreign text. t .J al p t . e t ^: ^ #1 i Poland is one of the leading countries in the field of 64 mycosociology. Few of our studies, however, have been aimed at + a utilizing larger fungi (macromycetes) as indicative species, which would facilitate the vary precise determination of the traits of a+^ diverse settlements or the consequences of the affects of human activity on these settlements (Domanski, S. Kowalski, T. Kowalski 19766 3.977). The purpose of this paper is -to test the determination of the role and indicative value of fungi in forest associations of the Mt. Babia Gora massif (this work is partially funded by the Ecological Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences). Of great help for specialized p mycosociolo5ical reserch were the phytosociological and cartographical works of this area, and especially of Mt. Babia Gora ^i a National Park (Walas 1933; Celinski, Wojterski 1961, 1963, 1978 and others) . Presented in the first part of this work (Bujakiewicz 1979) were k the general physiographic characteristics of the research terrain, the distribution of the fungi sites, a list of the 618 taxons noted in the subalpine forests of Mt. Babia Gora and the initial r1 characteristics of the forest mycoflora of this massif. k 1 ^,l Contained in this part are initial considerations, a description of the research methods used and the characteristics of the mycof lora c of the lower subalpine forests. The characteristics of the upper + subalpine forests and the work's synthesis is found in part III of this work a ) I wish to thank sincerely all those individuals who aided me r1 2 I "' a during my research both in the field and in the laboratory. I wish to k` thank, above all, Prof. Dr. T. Wojtersky for encouraging me to study such an interesting area, for designating the permanent research plots in the forests of Mt. Babia Gora and for his manifold help. I also wish to thank Prof. Dr. A Skirgi.ello, Prof. Dr. A. Nespiak, Doc. Dr. B. Guminska, Doc. Dr. M. Lisiewska and Dr. W. Wojewoda for providing me access to literature from their private collections and for their esteemed advice and recommendations. I wish to thank Dr. K. Rybnichek of Brno for phytosociological consultations concerning the systematic position of communities occurring on peat substrata and for his help in studies on the Slovak side of Mt. Babia Gora. I wi s h to thank Mgr. Eng. S. Kale;•;; Director of Mt:. Babia Gora National Park and the workers of the park's directorate for their gracious help during my field research and for providing me necessary . meteorological data. 4 Y ^1 !I (1 't The Main Phy^iographical Traits of Mt. Babia Gora i` z Mt, Babia Gora is a small, but high (1725 meters above sea level) , remote and compact massif. It is characterized by a pronounced configuration of climatic-plant levels and considerable areas of well 4g preserved Carpathian wilderness. It is one of the few massifs in the i 65 Beskids,on whose sculpture the montane glaciers have left their mark. { The characteristic trait of Mt. Babia Gora is the parallel course of the massif and the pronounced differences in the slopes' incline. d 3 . -^.^_---._s.-3ce^.,....--rs..—...... .............:.•,axc^;.^c='.^.-.:.^ ^.-_......... :,.._..^s_..^ .`. ..^,-.»-.--..,....,-......^,.,...,.,...,..<... _M.. .-,M.m.,-....«,M. ...«...-,. ^ ^ !1 r, _. ^ ^ `^ ip•r •;"'n^ /_V^„^AC^/.' nw°^.e:-*^^' '... ,. ,.n ^.. =w-.K .w,.as.+rx,. ...WS ' ... M1 ... ^. s^ a , The northern slope is steepe with an incline ranging within the s(„ cape of 35 0 to 65 0 . In the levels above the forest boundry occur numerous treeless regions, walls and escarpments. Landslides and rock falls often take place in the subalp3ne forests. The southern slope, charatexized by a monotonous sculpturing, descends gradually to the Orawska Valley. Its incline on the upper part of the massif fluctuates within the range of 1 50 to 25 0 , and 25 0 to 35 0 on the lower part (Niemirowski 1963). t The remoteness of Mt Babia Gora and its unique ,formation has led to the fact that the climatic conditions on this small massif are very specific and are characterized by a great diversity (illustrations 1, 2) . )mm ° aso 9 3 b) tx m t 1 IV VA x X11 . DC x xl x11 1 u 111 N V Miusioce Months Rye. 1. n--$redula suma micstgcr-lyeh opad6w w mm dla stacjl na Babiej G6rze (1968-77) 1 -- Zawojn (stok p6lnocny, 700 in n.p.m., srednia suma roczna 1202,2 mm), 2--Markowe Szezawlny (stok p61nocny, 1100 in n.p.m., Arednia suma roczna za okres 1968-73, 1965,6 mm), 3—Staticown (stole poludniowy, 850 m n.p.m., (Srednia sumo roczna 1127,5 mm) b — Srednin grubok pokrywy snieznej w cm dla stacjl na Babiej G6rze (1968 -77) 1 — Zawoja, 2 —Markowe Szezawlny (1968-73), 3 — Sta[5cowa Fig. 1. a — Mean monthly sum of precipitation in mm for station on Mt. Babia G6ra (1968-77) 1 — Zawoja (N slope, 700 m, alt„ mean annual precipitation 1202,2 mm), 2 — Markowe Szeza- wlny (N slope 1180 m alt., mean annual precipitation for period 1968-73 equals 1965.5 mm), 3 — Stahcowa (S slope, 830 m, alt„ mean annual precipitation 1127.5 mm) b -- mean thickness of snow In cm for station on Mt.