Straight From the Heart A Discussion Guide written by Jennifer M. Finlay & Linda Alband supplemental materials Sylvia Rhue, Ph.D. © WomanVision, 1995, 1998 3570 Clay Street San Francisco, CA 94118 (415) 921-5687 info@woman-vision.org INTENDED AUDIENCE — 12 years old and up ESTIMATED TIME — Pre-view Discussion, 5-10 minutes Setup and video screening, 30 minutes Post-viewing discussion, 20-40 minutes MATERIALS NEEDED — Straight From the Heart video Cassette and Discussion Guide, TV and VCR, optional handouts Straight From the Heart Study Guide CONTENTS INTRODUCTION W HAT IS H OMOSEXUALITY? Why are People Gay or Lesbian? How are Homosexuals Different from Heterosexuals? G AY R IGHTS IN A MERICA A Brief History of the Struggle for Gay Rights Why are Gay Rights Necessary? Why are Gay Rights Important to Heterosexual Americans Attacks on Gay Rights Equal Rights vs. Special Rights O THER T OPICS OF INTEREST Proof-Texting: Homosexuality & Religious Beliefs HIV/AIDS Prevention & Self Esteem D ISCUSSION G UIDELINES Questions You May Want to Explore with the Group A PPENDIX Definition of Terms What Sexologists Currently Know about Sexuality and Sexual Orientation Connecting the Dots: Oppression and Discrimination Suggested Reading Materials Other Video Resources Some Organizational Resources Introduction Straight from the Heart is an Academy Award-nominated documentary short that addresses the issues parents face when coming to terms with having a gay or lesbian child. It presents simple stories about real people: a police chief who talks about how proud he is of his lesbian daughter, a Mormon couple whose son is believed to be the first gay man in Idaho to have died from AIDS, and a black woman and her two lesbian daughters who had been accused of “catching” their lesbianism from white people. Straight from the Heart is appropriate for use in churches; community settings; counseling, foster parent education, and HIV/AIDS prevention programs; and internal diversity/tolerance trainings, among many other usages. It is widely used for curriculum–based instruction in high schools, colleges and universities in Social Studies, Health/Sex Education, Lesbian-Gay/Multicultural Studies, American Studies, Anthropology, Sociology, Psychology Human Sexuality, Theology & Religion Studies, Residence Life & Student Programs, and in Teacher, Staff & Administration diversity Training. Straight from the Heart was designed to facilitate discussions on topics like homophobia and heterosexism, sexual orientation, cultural diversity, familial and community ties, AIDS and other forms of prejudice, social justice issues, and constructs of heterosexism & heterosexual privilege. This discussion guide is intended to facilitate exercises and discussions that, in conjunction with the video screening, offer lessons in diversity and in gay, lesbian, and bisexual issues. This discussion guide provides a framework upon which to base discussions, but is by no means a complete guide for discussion and teaching about lesbian/gay issues. In the Appendix we have provided a list of recommended resources for those who wish to delve further into the issues touched upon in Straight from the Heart. Straight from the Heart was produced to foster greater tolerance for and understanding of the issues that gay men, lesbians, bisexuals and transgendered people face in this society. After watching and discussing Straight from the Heart, the audience should have a deeper understanding of the following issues: • the existence and visibility of gay and lesbian people • understandings of terms like “gay”, “lesbian”, “homosexual”, heterosexual” and “straight” • the suffering afflicted by and associated with name-calling, rejection and all prejudicial treatment • the stigma associated with having a gay or lesbian child or being labeled gay or lesbian • The inter-relatedness of all forms of discrimination and bigotry Note: For the purpose of this discussion guide, the word “gay” is often used in the collective sense to mean gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender individuals, rights, and issues. W HAT IS H OMOSEXUALITY? The word “homosexual” was first used in 1869 and combines the Greek word “Homo” meaning same with the Latin word “sexual” meaning sex. Journalist Eric Marcus defines a homosexual as being “a man or woman whose feelings of sexual attraction are for someone of the same sex.” (Marcus, Is it a Choice?, p.1). The word lesbian is used to describe a homosexual woman, and the word gay is used to describe a homosexual man. In the late 1980’s, the word “queer” was reclaimed by a younger generations of homosexuals; it can be used as an inclusive term for both men and women. The gender to which a specific individual is sexually attracted is termed their “sexual orientation”. WHY ARE PEOPLE GAY OR LESBIAN? While there is no one answer to this question, many theories have been advanced throughout history. Many lesbians and gay men will reply: “It’s just how I feel.” Some of the ideas that have been posed over the years include: the classic overbearing mother/absent father produces gay man theory; the hormone fluctuations during fetus development theory; and the sexual abuse by males makes a woman a lesbian theory. Given our current level of knowledge about what determines sexual orientation, these theories have been discarded by responsible researchers. Recent studies focus on discovering whether homosexuality is genetically determined. However little attention has been paid to determining why people are heterosexual. HOW ARE HOMOSEXUALS DIFFERENT FROM HETEROSEXUALS? Gay people come in all shapes and sizes, are all ages, all colors, from all classes and walks of life, are members of all ethnic and racial groups, belong to all religious denominations and work in all professions and occupations. Lesbians and gay men are top business executives (like David Geffen), police officers, office temps, ministers, librarians, actors, mothers and fathers, sanitation engineers, sports heroes (like Martina Navratilova and Greg Louganis), teachers, lawyers, sales clerks, musicians (like Elton John and Melissa Etheridge), lifeguards, cooks and physicians, to list but a few examples. The only real difference between heterosexuals and homosexuals is the gender of their mate. G AY R IGHTS IN A MERICA The United States of America was founded on the principle concept of freedom. The spirit of freedom flows deeply through the course of U.S. History. As Americans, we have fought many battles for equal rights and equal access for all people. Gay men and lesbians have suffered from both invisibility and persecution throughout history. The public struggle for legal protection for homosexuals is relatively new. The greater openness of the 20th Century has begun to give us a written record of discrimination against lesbians and gay men. Recent books about the Holocaust have started to include information on the persecution and extermination of thousands of homosexuals. A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE STRUGGLE FOR GAY RIGHTS June 1969 marks the “official” beginning of the gay and lesbian rights movement. Gay men, lesbians and drag queens rebelled against police harassment at the Stonewall Inn, a bar in Greenwich Village. However, the Stonewall Rebellion was not the first call for rights for homosexuals. German scientist Magnus Hirschfeld conducted a study of homosexuality in the German military during World War I. His work and his books were all destroyed in 1933 during the rise of Nazism. During the 1940’s, the mass migrations of people caused by the Second World War led to the development of gay and lesbian subcultures in urban areas as more and more homosexuals learned there were other people “just like them”. Some of the first national gay and lesbian social organizations were founded in the 1950’s. These groups—the Mattachine Society for gay men and the Daughters of Bilitis for lesbians—gave homosexuals a place to gather without fear of police harassment, a place to discuss other problems, and an organizational basis that enabled them to publish national magazines. Also during the 1950’s, Dr. Evelyn Hooker, a research psychologist, published her pioneering research on homosexuality. (Her work led the American Psychological and Psychiatric Associations to remove homosexuality from their lists of mental disorders in the early 1970’s). In the early 1960’s, The Council on the Church and the Homosexual, and the Society for Individual Rights (SIR) were founded in San Francisco. Their goals were two-fold. 1. To give homosexual people further protection from police initiated privacy violations. 2. To provide a forum for more discussion of homosexuality In 1965, some of the first public demonstrations advocating gay and lesbian rights occurred in Washington, DC and Philadelphia. Life and Time did major stories on homosexuality. By the time the Stonewall Rebellion took place, there were over 40 gay and lesbian groups in the United States (Marcus, Is it a Choice?, p. 181). Many of the social change movements of this time were laying the foundations for what appeared to be the sudden explosion of gay and lesbian activism. The women’s movement was exploring the boundaries of society for women and their ability to control their lives, sexuality and futures. Through the efforts of the civil rights movement, laws against interracial marriages were found unconstitutional and these unions were legalized in all 50 states. The 1970’s was a hopeful decade for gay men and lesbians. Many states were repealing the victimless crimes statues within their penal codes. Cities, counties, and states were passing non- discrimination laws, and police departments were slowly reducing their harassment of gay people in public places. The period culminated with the election of openly homosexual people to public fices, including Harvey Milk in San Francisco. The future looked bright for gay men and lesbians in the United States. Just as things were looking up, tragedy struck. With the advent of the AIDS epidemic, the optimism, hope and energy of the 1970’s had to be redirected into the battle against a disease that had no name, no known cause, and little support or compassion from mainstream society.