INDIA’S LARGEST RURAL SANITATION SURVEY FOR RANKING OF STATES AND DISTRICTS Page 1 of 80 PREFACE The “Swachh Survekshan Grameen – 2018” was commissioned by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, through an independent survey agency. One month long survey, ranked all districts and states of India on the basis of quantitative and qualitative sanitation (Swachhta) parameters, towards their sanitation and cleanliness status. As part of Swachh Survekshan Grameen, 6867 villages in 685 Districts across India were covered. 34,000 public places namely schools, anganwadis, public health centres, haat-bazaars, religious places in these 6867 villages were visited to be surveyed. Around 1,62,000 citizens were interviewed in villages, for their feedback on issues related to the Swachh Bharat Mission. Citizens were also encouraged to provide online feedback on sanitation relation related issues. Feedback from collectives was obtained using community wide open meetings (khuli baithaks), personal interviews and Group Discussions (GDs). GDs were conducted in each village. More than 1.5 crore people participated in the SSG-2018 and provided their feedback. The SSG turned out to be massive mobilisation exercise with communities in each village undertaking special drives to improve the general cleanliness in their villages. Gram Panchayats invested funds from their local area development fund to improve the sanitation status in public places. The Ministry is encouraged with the overall outcomes of Swachh Survekshan Grameen 2018 and would like to institutionalise this for concurrent ranking of states and districts and obtaining citizens feedback. (Uma Bharti) MESSAGE Swachh Survekshan Grameen – 2018, launched on 13 July 2018, is a maiden attempt by Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MDWS) to rank states and districts on key sanitation parameters. It further accelerated the momentum of citizen participation in the Swachh Bharat Mission, thus developing into a ‘jan andolan’ in letter and spirit. With the primary objective of this Survekshan being to enhance citizens’ participation, nearly 1.5 crore citizens participated in this exercise. I am sure the citizen’s participation and feedback would further strengthen the programme implementation and also witness increased community engagement. This Ministry is encouraged with the outcome of the Survekshan and overwhelming participation by all. I congratulate the states and districts who performed well and also encourage the others to strive hard for better results in the next round. (Ramesh C. Jigajinagi) FOREWORD The Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MDWS) had commissioned “Swachh Survekshan Grameen – 2018” to provide a national ranking of all districts and states of India on the basis of quantitative and qualitative sanitation (Swachhata) parameters. An independent agency hired by the Ministry visited a selection of villages across all districts of the country to survey public places and obtain citizen’s feedback. A vibrant and far reaching communication campaign was undertaken to amplify the survey and attract mass participation from relevant stakeholders, in the spirit of the jan andolan, which has become almost synonymous with Swachh Bharat Mission. The Swachh Survekshan Grameen 2018 generated abundant discussion both through media, and in person. The response received from citizens has been very encouraging and will further be used to improve the programme. The report captures the detailed methodology and approach followed, ranking methodology and results of the Swachh Survekshan Grameen 2018. This report also provides examples that demonstrate the impact of the Swachh Bharat Mission, from the state to an individual level. The process, and the results, have reinforced and supported, transformative action on Swachhata. As this report underscores, the Swachh Bharat Mission strongly commits to disrupting the status quo and, collaboratively, setting up new mechanisms to accelerate the pace of development in rural India. (Parameswaran Iyer) SURYA AV CEO-India & South Asia ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We take this opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude to the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation for assigning us this very important responsibility of conducting Swachh Survekshan Grameen- 2018. It had been a great experience working with various officials at the Ministry and their constant guidance support as we worked through various details of conducting this exercise in a most transparent and systematic manner. The enthusiasm with which various officials have participated in SSG 2018 is very heartening. We received excellent support from officials from all states and districts covered and we express our deep sense of gratitude to each one of them. Conducting an exercise of this scale, in just 31 days, without their support would have been an impossible task. A total of 800 people across various functions have relentlessly worked to complete this exercise under the strict monitoring and supervision of the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation. One of the biggest success factors, of SSG 2018, is the brilliant participation from the citizens of India to this exercise. Close to 1.5 Cr citizens have responded to this initiative either through the various forms of data collections that included face to face interactions or through the mobile app that has been specifically developed for this purpose. We sincerely thank all our colleagues and partners for their commitment to this important cause. Finally, our sincere thanks to Mr. Parameswaran Iyer, Secretary-MDWS for his inspiring leadership; Mr. Arun Baroka, Joint Secretary-MDWS; and Mr. Mahesh Thakur, Deputy Secretary-MDWS for their relentless support, uncompromising quality and guidance all through the exercise. As it can already be seen, SSG 2018 would be a landmark in the sanitation history of rural India. (Surya AV) Contents Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................4 Chapter 1: Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 13 Chapter 2: National Highlights ................................................................................................................ 16 Chapter 3: Survey Design........................................................................................................................ 21 Chapter 4: Assessment and Scoring Methodology ................................................................................... 26 Chapter 5: Survey Results ....................................................................................................................... 39 Chapter 6: Ranking Results ..................................................................................................................... 46 Chapter 7: Survey Implementation Process ............................................................................................. 58 Annexures ............................................................................................................................................. 64 Annexure 1: Sample Size Distribution ..................................................................................................... 65 Annexure 2: Computation of State And District Ranking Scores ............................................................... 66 Annexure 3: State Score Sheet – Haryana, Gujarat and Rajasthan ............................................................ 70 Annexure 4: District Score Sheet – Satara, Rewari and Peddapalli ........................................................... 73 Page 3 of 80 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Page 4 of 80 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM-G) was launched on 2nd October 2014, by Honorable Prime Minister of India - Shri Narendra Modi, with a vision to create “Swachh Bharat” (meaning Clean India) by 2019 as a befitting tribute to Mahatma Gandhi, the father of our nation, who said that ‘cleanliness is next to Godliness’, on his 150th birth anniversary. The mission aspires to engage everyone in a collective quest for cleaning & making villages, districts, States and eventually India open defecation free and achieve universal cleanliness through Solid and Liquid Waste Management (SLWM) initiatives in the villages of the country. The Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MDWS) commissioned “Swachh Sarvekshan Grameen-2018” (SSG 2018) through an independent survey agency (Kantar Public) to rank all districts of India on the basis of quantitative and qualitative sanitation (Swachhata) parameters. The primary objective of the survey was to encourage rural community in the improvement of their sanitation status through an intensive and holistic IEC campaign. Additionally, the survey was also intended to ascertain the progress of Swachhata (status of sanitation and cleanliness) on ground through an interaction with citizens and key informants at village level followed by direct observations in selected public places like schools, anganwadis, government health facility, haat/ bazaars, religious places across chosen villages of all districts implementing SBM-G and ascertain the service level progress attained by these villages. The survey exercise was undertaken across 685 districts of 29 states and 5 Union Territories in India from August 1 to 31, 2018. PM'S TWEET ABOUT SSG 2018 Page 5 of 80 The SSG 2018 generated huge enthusiasm across