E1287 FINAL DRAFT v 1 Public Disclosure Authorized INTEGRAL CONSULT ∫ ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Public Disclosure Authorized AL HAMMAM LANDFILL PROJECT Prepared By Public Disclosure Authorized Integral Consult 2076 El Mearaj City, Ring Road, Maadi – Cairo - Egypt Phone +20 2 5204515 • Fax +20 2 5204505 Email: [email protected] August 2005 Public Disclosure Authorized ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AL Hammam Landfill Project © Integral Consult 2076 El Mearaj City, Ring Road, Maadi – Cairo - Egypt Phone +20 2 5204515 • Fax +20 2 5204505 Email: [email protected] Environmental Impact Assessment for Al-Hammam Landfill 1-2 Client Confidential Table of Contents Section Page SECTION 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .........................................................................8 SECTION 2 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................10 2.1 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN ALEXANDRIA ..........................................................11 2.2 PURPOSE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT...................................11 2.3 METHODOLOGY OF STUDY ........................................................................................12 SECTION 3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ......................................................................13 3.1 SITE LOCATION....................................................................................................13 3.2 SITE LAYOUT / FACILITIES.........................................................................................14 3.3 SIZE AND LIFETIME OF THE LANDFILL .......................................................................15 3.4 LANDFILL DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION AND CLOSURE PHASES...............................................................................................................................16 3.4.1 Design Specifications.......................................................................................17 3.4.2 Construction Phase..........................................................................................21 3.4.3 Operation Phase ..............................................................................................22 3.4.4 Closure and Post Closure Phase .....................................................................29 SECTION 4 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT..........................................30 4.1 GEOLOGY..................................................................................................................30 4.1.1 Surficial Geology of the Project Site and the Surrounding Areas...................30 4.1.2 Regional Geomorphology ................................................................................30 4.1.3 Stratigraphy of the Project Site........................................................................34 4.1.4 Pre-Neogene Rocks..........................................................................................36 4.2 TOPOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGIC STRUCTURES OF THE PROJECT SITE ............................37 4.2.1 Topography......................................................................................................37 4.2.2 Geologic structures..........................................................................................37 4.2.3 Soil profile........................................................................................................39 4.3 GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS AND SEISMIC ACTVITY .........................................................43 4.3.1 The African Tectonic Plate ..............................................................................43 4.3.2 African-Eurasian Plate Margin.......................................................................44 4.4 HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ......................................................................45 4.4.1 Surface Hydrology of the Project Site and Surroundings................................45 4.4.2 Subsurface Hydrology of the Project Site and Surroundings: Ground watershed and Groundwater Table .................................................................................46 4.4.3 Water Resources and Uses in the Watershed ..................................................46 4.4.4 Hydrometeorology and Hydrophysiography ...................................................47 4.4.5 Groundwater Aquifers .....................................................................................48 4.5 ECOLOGY (FLORA AND FAUNA) ................................................................................50 4.5.1 Project Hinterland ...........................................................................................50 4.5.2 Data Analysis...................................................................................................51 4.5.3 Flora ................................................................................................................52 4.5.4 Fauna ...............................................................................................................53 4.6 BIODIVERSITY VALUE...............................................................................................56 4.6.1 Flora ................................................................................................................56 4.6.2 Fauna ...............................................................................................................57 Table of contents 4.6.3 Nature Conservation........................................................................................58 4.7 METROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SITE.......................................................61 4.7.1 Air Temperature...............................................................................................61 4.7.2 Relative humidity .............................................................................................61 4.7.3 Precipitation ....................................................................................................62 4.7.4 Wind .................................................................................................................62 SECTION 5 ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS..................................................67 5.1 LAW NUMBER 38/1967 ........................................................................................67 5.1.1 General Public Cleaning .................................................................................67 5.1.2 Solid Waste Management Provisions...............................................................67 5.1.3 Local Enforcement Authority...........................................................................68 5.1.4 Penalties...........................................................................................................69 5.2 ENVIRONMENT LAW NUMBER 4/1994 ..................................................................70 5.2.1 Solid Waste Management Provisions...............................................................70 5.2.2 Local Enforcement Authority...........................................................................72 5.2.3 Penalties...........................................................................................................72 5.3 LAW FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE NILE AND ITS CANALS NUMBER 48/1982 ................................................................................................................................73 5.3.1 Solid Waste Management Provisions...............................................................73 5.3.2 Local Enforcement Authority...........................................................................73 5.3.3 Penalties...........................................................................................................73 5.4 LAWS CONCERNING PUBLIC WAYS...............................................................73 5.4.1 Solid Waste Management Provisions...............................................................74 5.4.2 Local Enforcement Authority...........................................................................74 5.4.3 Penalties...........................................................................................................74 5.5 OTHER LAWS AND REGULATIONS .................................................................74 5.5.1 Labour Law Number 137/1981........................................................................74 5.5.2 Traffic Law Number 155/1999.........................................................................75 5.5.3 General Egyptian Penal Law...........................................................................75 SECTION 6 POTENTIAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES...............76 6.1 SOCIAL, SOCIO- ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL IMPACTS ...............................................76 6.1.1 Mitigation Measures ........................................................................................77 6.2 GEOLOGICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL IMPACTS ............................................................77 6.2.1 Soil Erosion and Sedimentation.......................................................................77 6.2.2 Changes in Drainage Patterns ........................................................................78 6.2.3 Likelihood of Flooding and Landslides ...........................................................79 6.2.4 Impact on Groundwater...................................................................................79 6.3 AIR QUALITY IMPACTS ..............................................................................................80