Chuck Chuck Chuck ISBN: booktype:chuck © . Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial This book was created with Booktype. For more information, please visit: www.booktype.pro Chuck INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 2 Places ................................................................................................................................. 3 Authors ............................................................................................................................... 5 Installation ......................................................................................................................... 7 Tutorials .................................................................................................................................. 11 Hello ChucK ..................................................................................................................... 12 Conventions ..................................................................................................................... 15 On-the-fly Programming ................................................................................................ 16 Modifying Basic Patches ................................................................................................ 18 LFOs and Blackholes ...................................................................................................... 20 Working with MIDI .......................................................................................................... 21 Writing to Disk ................................................................................................................ 24 Stereo ............................................................................................................................... 26 Using OSC in ChucK ........................................................................................................ 28 Synthesis Basics - Part I ................................................................................................ 30 Synthesis Basics - Part II ............................................................................................... 37 Synthesis Basics - Part III .............................................................................................. 42 Reference ................................................................................................................................ 49 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 50 The ChucK Compiler and Virtual Machine .................................................................. 55 On-the-fly Commands .................................................................................................... 58 Types, Values and Variables ......................................................................................... 64 Operators and Operations ............................................................................................ 68 Time and Timing ............................................................................................................. 74 Concurrency and Shreds ............................................................................................... 79 Events ............................................................................................................................... 83 Control Structures .......................................................................................................... 89 Functions ......................................................................................................................... 92 Objects ............................................................................................................................. 95 Arrays ............................................................................................................................. 103 Unit Analyzers ............................................................................................................... 109 Standard Libraries ........................................................................................................ 119 Array Object Functions ................................................................................................ 123 String Object Functions ............................................................................................... 124 Event Reference ............................................................................................................ 126 Other Objects Reference ............................................................................................. 130 Ugen Reference ................................................................................................................... 133 Unit Generators ............................................................................................................ 134 Ugens: Oscillators ........................................................................................................ 146 Ugens: STKInstruments ............................................................................................... 150 Unit Analyzer Reference .............................................................................................. 160 Extending ChucK .................................................................................................................. 165 LiCK: Library for ChucK ................................................................................................ 166 Chuck INTRODUCTION Chuck Introduction Intro-ChucK-tion What it is: ChucK is a general-purpose programming language, intended for real-time audio synthesis and graphics/multimedia programming.It introduces a truly concurrent programming model that embeds timing directly in the program flow (we call this strongly-timed). Other potentially useful features include the ability to write/change programs on-the-fly. Who it is for: audio/multimedia researchers, developers, composers, and performers. Supported platforms: MacOS X (CoreAudio) Linux (ALSA/OSS/Jack) Windows/also Cygwin (DirectSound) Strongly-timed ChucK's programming model provides programmers direct, precise, and readable control over time, durations, rates, and just about anything else involving time. This makes ChucK a potentially fun and highly flexible tool for describing, designing, and implementing sound synthesis and music-making at both low and high levels. On-the-fly programming On-the-fly programming is a style of programming in which the programmer/performer/composer augments and modifies the program while it is running, without stopping or restarting, in order to assert expressive, programmable control for performance, composition, and experimentation at run-time. Because of the fundamental powers of programming languages, we believe the technical and aesthetic aspects of on-the-fly programming are worth exploring. 2 Chuck Places Some ChucK places Here are the many homes for ChucK: ChucK home page (Princeton): http://chuck.cs.princeton.edu/ ChucK home page (Stanford): http://chuck.stanford.edu/ ChucK documentation and tutorials: http://chuck.cs.princeton.edu/doc/ For the most updated tutorial: http://chuck.cs.princeton.edu/doc/learn/ For the ideas and design behind ChucK, read the papers at: http://chuck.cs.princeton.edu/doc/publish/ ChucK PhD Thesis: http://www.cs.princeton.edu/gewang/thesis.html ChucK Community: http://chuck.cs.princeton.edu/community/ ChucK Wiki: http://chuck.cs.princeton.edu/wiki miniAudicle: http://audicle.cs.princeton.edu/mini/ Audicle: http://audicle.cs.princeton.edu/ Princeton Sound Lab: http://soundlab.cs.princeton.edu/ Stanford University, CCRMA: 3 Chuck http://ccrma.stanford.edu/ This document: http://omnibook.pro/chuck/ ChucK forum: http://electro-music.com/forum/forum-140.html 4 Chuck Authors Authors of ChucK Originated by: Ge Wang Perry R. Cook Chief Architect and Designer: Ge Wang Lead Developers: Ge Wang -- [email protected] || [email protected] Perry R. Cook -- [email protected] Spencer Salazar -- [email protected] Rebecca Fiebrink -- [email protected] Ananya Misra -- [email protected] Philip Davidson -- [email protected] Ari Lazier -- [email protected] Documentation: Adam Tindale -- [email protected] Ge Wang Rebecca Fiebrink Philip Davidson Ananya Misra Spencer Salazar Lead Testers: The ChucK Development/User Community -- http://chuck.cs.princeton.edu/community/ Ge Wang Ajay Kapur -- [email protected] Spencer Salazar Philip Davidson Thank You Many people have further contributed to ChucK by suggesting great new ideas and improvements, reporting problems, or submitting actual code. Here is a list of these people. Help us keep it complete and free from errors. Andrew Appel Brian Kernighan Paul Lansky Roger Dannenberg 5 Chuck Dan Trueman Ken Steiglitz Max Mathews Chris Chafe Szymon Rusinkiewicz Graham Coleman Scott Smallwood Mark Daly Kassen Kijjaz Gary Scavone Brad Garton Nick Collins Tom Briggs Paul Calamia Mikael Johanssons Magnus Danielson Rasmus Kaj Princeton Graphics Group Princeton Laptop Orchestra Stanford Laptop Orchestra CCRMA community Smule ChucK users community!!! 6 Chuck