Vista HOUSE VIEWS FOVH NEWSLETTER—SPRING 2011 INTRODUCING EDGAR LAZARUS, THE ARCHITECT OF VISTA HOUSE By Ed Teague, Architecture & Allied Arts Library, University of Oregon (Editor’s note: On April 2, 2011, Mr. Teague spoke with the Friends of Vista House about Edgar Lazarus, the architect of the iconic monument to Oregon’s pioneers. This article shares some highlights of that presentation. For more information about Edgar Lazarus, including sources for this article, visit the web site “Edgar M. Lazarus, Architect,” http://pages.uoregon.edu/ehteague/lazarus/.) The story of Edgar Lazarus begins in Charleston, S. C., where his family was part of a thriving Jewish community that had existed since the early 1700s. In fact, Lazarus claimed that his family came to the Americas from Spain in the 16th century with De Soto’s explorations. Lazarus’s mother and father married in 1864 during the Civil War. His mother, Minnie Mordecai, was the daughter of wealthy merchant Moses Mordecai, whose ships sailed throughout the Caribbean. His father, also named Edgar, returned to Charleston to join the Confederate Army after studying at the Uni- versity of Heidelberg. Following the war’s end in 1865, the Reconstruction government made life uncomfortable for wealthy former Confederates. The Lazarus and Mordecai families sold what they could and in 1867 moved to Baltimore. They soon reestablished their fortunes and became an integral part of Baltimore society. On June 6, 1868, Edgar Marks Lazarus, Jr., was born in Baltimore. After attending public schools, he studied architecture at the Maryland Institute of Art and Design, from which he graduated in 1888, the year his father died. He was soon employed in nearby Washington, D. C., as an architect with the U. S. Army Quartermaster Corps. In that role, he primarily designed utilitarian buildings for the military. In 1891, Lazarus resigned from the civil service and moved Portland with the intent of working in real estate. He soon part- nered with architect William M. Ellicott to create the firm, Ellicott & Lazarus. Born in Philadelphia, Ellicott came from a distin- guished Maryland family for whom the town, Ellicott City, is named. Lazarus possibly knew Ellicott before arriving in Portland. Ellicott’s grandfather and uncles were Baltimore commission mer- chants just like Lazarus’s father. Ellicott brought to the firm impres- sive skills: he studied at Haverford, the University of Pennsylvania, and at a prestigious architectural atelier in Paris. The known works of Ellicott & Lazarus are few, but include the first building for the Ore- gon Institute of the Blind, Salem; the first Multnomah Amateur Ath- letic Club building, Portland; and the Maryland University Hospital at Baltimore. Lazarus alone is usually credited with houses designed while this firm existed. The existing works are in a Queen Anne Shin- gle Style characterized by steeply pitched roofs, turrets, multiple ga- bles, a great variety of window treatments, and shingle siding. The George F. Heusner house, 333 NW 20th Avenue, is a local favorite. In 1895, Ellicott moved to Baltimore and became a distinguished archi- tect associated with the firm, Ellicott and Emmart. In Portland, Lazarus led a busy social life that included member- ships in various social and athletic clubs. He was a founder of the Port- land Hunt Club, an organization that staged horse rides and races in a variety of venues throughout the city. As a member of the Multnomah Athletic Club, he was a natural pick to design in 1901 the second, greatly expanded building and grounds for that organization. This short-lived building burned in 1910. Following Ellicott’s departure, Lazarus returned to civil service as a Portrait of Edgar Lazarus, date unknown. Superintendent of Construction of Public Works for the U. S. govern- (Photo courtesy University of Oregon Libraries.) ment, an assignment that made him onsite manager (Continued, Page 2) (Lazarus…, Continued from Page 1) of small-scale special assistance to new immigrants to Port- construction projects. This position helped him land. The Ahavai Shalom Synagogue, built in secure a supervisory role for constructing a much 1904, was a Portland landmark until 1978 larger project, the new U. S. Custom House, de- when it was destroyed. signed by the U. S. Office of the Supervising Ar- The idea for a grand exposition organized chitect headed by James Knox Taylor. Completed th around the centennial of the Lewis & Clark in 1901, this building, at 220 NW 8 Avenue, still expedition began percolating in 1900. Port- delights onlookers with its exuberant decoration. land’s leading architects drew lots for the ma- From 1898 to 1901, Lazarus also designed the jor structures whose designs were completed early buildings for three state schools: Eastern by December 1903. The building by Lazarus, Oregon State Normal School (in its first location, the Palace of Agriculture, was the largest build- Weston), Oregon Agricultural College (Oregon ing at the fair and perhaps the most spectacular State University), and the University of Oregon. Lazarus won the competition in 1901 for Mor- row County’s new courthouse and the building, which opened in 1903, demonstrates a craftsman- ship and use of local materials that brings to mind the later Vista House. In 1904 Lazarus secured another major commission, the new courthouse for Clatsop County, Astoria, which was completed in 1908. From 1903 to 1904, Lazarus was engaged in the design and construction of another courthouse, the extension of the 1875 post office and court- house known today as Pioneer Courthouse. The unpopular design by the Supervising Architect’s Frederick V. Holman House (1892), 1500 SW office was replaced with the two wing version de- Taylor Street. signed by Lazarus. In 1904, Lazarus was asked by (Photo courtesy University of Oregon Libraries). the government to transfer to Missouri and, be- cause of a new law, to give up private practice as with its massive gold dome. On June 1, well...he chose to resign from civil service and con- 1905, the Lewis and Clark Centennial and tinue his private practice in Portland. American Pacific Exposition and Oriental Lazarus’s architecture for the Jewish commu- Fair opened. The fair ushered in an unprece- nity included the first Neighborhood House, an dented period of growth for the city; the value of building permits jumped 450% from 1905 educational and social center which provided to 1911. Throughout his life, Lazarus sold and managed real estate. In 1905, he acquired property at 14th Avenue and Washington Street with the aim of building a residential hotel, the first of its kind in that section of Portland. The building was first called the Nortonia Hotel (1907) and then the Dan- moore Hotel (1908). In 1909, Lazarus re- named the building Hotel Ramapo, probably after a prize-winning racehorse. In 1955 the Ramapo became the Taft Hotel and exists today as a residential facility for people with George F. Heusner House, 333 NW 20th Avenue, special needs. Very little of its outward ap- designed by Lazarus 1892. pearance has changed over the years. (Photo courtesy University of Oregon Libraries.) (Continued on Page 7) 2 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE FRIENDS OF VISTA HOUSE gratefully acknowledges and At the recent FOVH Annual Membership expresses appreciation to Meeting, "membership" was in the spotlight. THE COMMUNITY FOUNDATION The Board has deter- For Southwest Washington mined "membership" to Chester & Marion Beals Memorial Fund be a top objective for the coming year and Board for the generous grant awarded to member, Marie Miller, is developing an exciting membership recruit- assist in our mission-related ment campaign to increase our ranks and im- projects and programs. prove our financial resources. You can expect to hear more about our progress in the weeks and months to come. FIFTH ANNUAL GORGE RIDE REGISTRATION OPEN We have all heard the expression that By Jeanette Kloos "strength comes in numbers" and as our member- ship numbers increase we can expect more Friends of the Historic Columbia River High- strength in our ability to expand and improve way (FHCRH) announce the fifth annual fund- services offered by FOVH. Increased member- raising Gorge Ride to be held on June 11, 2011. ship also offers us a means by which we can Registration is now open through measure our progress as compared to the other www.GorgeRide.com. Friends groups throughout the Oregon State Bicyclists will again ride on the Historic Co- Parks system. lumbia River Highway from the Gorge Discov- As we grow our membership we anticipate ery Center to the Historic Columbia River High- our volunteer pool will also increase. Volunteers way State Trail in Mosier, continue on to the are the most visible element of Vista House as Senator Mark O. Hatfield West Trailhead east of they are on the frontlines of public contact. It is Hood River and return. This 38.5-mile trip in- not easy to measure their impact but feedback cludes the vista at Rowena Crest, travel through seems to judge them highly. the Mosier Twin Tunnels and a rest stop at his- toric Mayerdale. Another benefit of having a strong member- ship is to encourage those who would seek to Photos and information about last year’s ride become a member of the Board of Directors and are available at hcrh.org/GorgeRide10.html or even serve as an officer. Our current board FriendsoftheHighway.com. Over 425 people would like to increase the size of the board to participated in the 2010 Gorge Ride. Partici- give active members a chance to participate in pants wrote after the ride: “Beautiful! Awe- the leadership of FOVH. We want to be a role some! Wonderful ride! Gorgeous scenery! model of success in the way we conduct our busi- Well organized with well-supported rest ness and achieve our goals.