Activity 3: Introduction to iNaturalist Grades: 9-12 Time: 45 minutes Location: Classroom Big Ideas/Themes ● Biodiversity and Society ● Citizen Science and Open Science ● Science Practices and Skills Essential Questions ● How does iNaturalist work and what are the key features? ● How do we add observations to iNaturalist? ● How can observations from iNaturalist contribute to open science and citizen science? Objectives ● Students will contribute to the ongoing effort to discover and document biodiversity ​ ​ ● Students will practice how to filter, search, and organize observations in iNaturalist ​ ​ ● Students will explore the features of iNaturalist ​ ​ ● Students will collaborate productively in an online community ​ ​ Materials ● Computers with internet access ● Smartphones ● Leaves, branches, flowers, or insects from outside (optional) Directions Preparation for Teachers iNaturalist (often called iNat) has an excellent Teacher’s Guide to help you and your students make the ​ ​ best observations and get the most out of interacting with the iNaturalist Community. Please take a moment to review the major points of this teacher’s guide. Preparation for Students Students should be familiar with iNaturalist from their “Introduction to Biodiversity” lesson. In this activity, students will create accounts and explore the different features of iNaturalist, then practice making observations. This activity assumes that students have access to mobile devices and/or a camera and computer with internet. If students have access to computers in the classroom, have students work in small groups or individually for this activity. If students do not have computers but are able to use smartphones and/or tablets, demonstrate the features of iNaturalist on the computer and have students use their mobile devices to create accounts and practice making observations. A projector will be needed for the ​ iNaturalist demonstration. iNaturalist account setup Have students download the iNaturalist app at home before class to save time. Assign usernames to students so that you can identify them on iNat. Depending how you plan to use iNaturalist, you can create a shared class account that all students use, or create individual accounts for students that you can ID (teachername_student# or teachername_studentlastname or schoolname_teacher_student). Or, you might have all students create their own accounts that they feel empowered to use personally as well. Children under the age of 13 cannot have their own account, but can use a class account. ​ ​ Engage See above for iNaturalist account setup. Prior to activity, have students download the iNaturalist app and create an account (or log into a class account). Consider which type of accounts would be best for you and your students. Go to iNaturalist.org and project on screen, or if students have computers, have ​ ​ students follow along with your demonstration. So what is iNaturalist? “ is a place where you can record what you see in nature, meet other nature lovers, ​ ​ ​ ​ and learn about the natural world.” ​ ​ The iNaturalist site is a global community of naturalists who share information about biodiversity. This effort is very powerful and demonstrates how citizens can help contribute a huge amount of meaningful scientific data that scientists may not have the resources to collect themselves. Explore Do a tour around iNaturalist, showing students the features of the following tabs at the top of the page: Observations: see the map of the world with tallies of ​ ● Total number of observations ● Number of species identified ● Number of users Image: Number of observations, species, identifiers, observers from Observations tab, collected 6/12/17 Species: search for a species in the species tab and highlight the graph and map features. You can toggle ​ between information from the Encyclopedia of Life or Wikipedia. Pages also have links to other outside sources. Example: Images, graphs of seasonality and observation history, observation map from iNaturalist species page for Red-tailed Hawk. Projects: *Note: for this activity, we will use the iNaturalist City Nature Challenge, a competition among U.S. cities to document as much biodiversity in 5 days, as an example to explore projects, places, and using other features. ● Projects are a feature that allow people to organize observations by location, taxon, time, etc. Projects range from the Global Reptile Bioblitz which collects any observations of reptiles ​ ​ around the world, to backyard projects for families to document what they see at home. ● In the “Projects” tab at the top, search for City Nature Challenge 2017 and scroll through results ​ ​ until you find the project. In 2017, the competition was extended to 16 U.S. cities. It will bring you to the project page with the total observations, species, and people from all City Nature Challenge projects. Look at the map to see which metropolitan area closest to you participated. ● Expand the “about” section on the right side and click on the city closest to you, which will bring you to that city project. Images: Results from the 2017 City Nature Challenge shows total number of observations, species, and people; and top 5 observers, identifiers, and most observed species. The map shows the spread of observations within the City Nature Challenge area boundaries for each city during the event. Places ● In the Places tab at the top of the page, search for your nearest metropolitan area from the City Nature Challenge, or just search for your town. Choose one of the places that has been created. If you don’t have a Place for your town yet, you may want to make one later! ● See the different features of this view: species list, observations, projects, even Wikipedia articles ● For example, we will use “Greater Boston” place later when we learn how to filter and search Image: Map of “Greater Boston,” the Place created for the 2017 City Nature Challenge: Boston Area with boundaries highlighted in orange. The area includes terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems within the I-495 corridor, from New Hampshire state line to Cape Cod canal. The area also extends out to include Massachusetts’ important marine habitats, from salt marshes to Boston Harbor to Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary. Explain In the next activity, students will be comparing the species observed in two different places. To do that, we need to learn how to search and filter. This is a really neat tool anyone can use to explore data! Students will need access to desktop computers for this exercise. If no computers available, ​ ​ demonstrate to students using projector. First, demonstrate the basics: In the “Observations” tab: 1. Demonstrate how to navigate observations. Show students how to toggle between the different ​ views of observations: map, grid, and list. 2. Introduce students to the search filter. ​ ​ a. Show students how to search for a taxon and a place. Review taxon group icons and ​ ​ checkboxes for threatened and introduced species. b. Show students an example of filtering for a particular group, for example birds, then click “Update Search” to show all birds in the results. c. Show students some of the data that each of these observations hold. Click on one of the bird observations and point out the location, timestamp, identification, sometimes specific information (male/female, age, etc.). d. Show students how to zoom in and out on the map and click “redo search in map” to update results. Let’s use an example of a question you might use iNaturalist to address: How many species of invasive ​ ​ plants have been observed in the Greater Boston area? ​ ​ ​ 1. On the Observations tab, click the “Filter” button next to the search bar. First, assure that the “verifiable” box in the upper left side is selected. 2. Filter for Place: Click the “More Filters” link on the bottom left corner to display additional ​ fields. Type in “Greater Boston” in the Place field and select from the drop-down menu. This will limit all observations to within the Greater Boston area, the same area as the Boston City Nature Challenge. 3. Filter for plants: Click the plant icon and “Update Search” to display the number of observations ​ and species for that taxon in Greater Boston region. 4. Filter for invasive species: Select the “Introduced” box in the upper left corner. ​ 5. Click “Update Search.” You should see something like this: Try another on your own: What are the seasonal migration patterns of Blackpoll Warbler as observed by ​ iNaturalist users? 1. Filter for Blackpoll Warbler observations during each month of the year. Look at the map and observe where the birds have been reported throughout the year. You will need to uncheck each month before you check the next month in the filter box. 2. Refer back to the eBird Blackpoll Warbler Occurrence Map from ​ ​ the Citizen Science presentation. Do iNaturalist observations display similar migration patterns to the looping migration from the eBird Blackpoll Warbler map? Why do you think this is? Elaborate Visit the “Getting Started” page on iNaturalist.org to read and watch tutorials about how to make and ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ upload observations on smartphones and how to take good photos. ​ ​ ​ Make an observation and upload with mobile devices. First, demonstrate how to upload an observation. Then have students practice using leaves or insects collected from outside. If possible, bring students outside for 5-10 minutes to practice in the field. Demonstrate to students how to “tag” an observation with a taxon - either the species name if they know it or a higher level if they do not. For example, if you photograph pine needles, students can “tag” the observation to Pines, or higher level like Conifers or Plants. Tagging an observation is important for others in the iNaturalist community to help find, identify, and verify observations to research grade quality. Evaluate So far we have learned about biodiversity, citizen science, how to contribute to iNaturalist, and how our observation data will flow from iNaturalist to open science resources such as Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and Encyclopedia of Life (EOL).