DOCUMENT RESUME ED 075 564 OD 013 559 AUTHOR Fomon, Samuel J., Ed.; Anderson, Thomas A., Ed. TITLE Practices of Low-Income Families in Feeding Infants and Small Children, With Particular Attention to Cultural Subgroups.. ANSTITUTION Health Services and Mental Health Administration (DHEW), Rockville, Ad. Maternal and Child Health Service. PUB DATE 72 VOTE 128p.; Proceedfngs of. a National, Workshop, Airlie Conference Center, Warrenton, Va., March 17-18, 1971 AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing office,' Washington, D. C. 20402 (Stock Number 1730-0200, $1.25) EDRS PRICE MF -$O.65 HC-$6.58 DESCRIPTORS American'Indiane; *Child Rearing; *Cultural . Differences; Cultural Factors; Early Childhood; *Eating Habits; Economically Disadvantaged; Family Characteristics;. Health Needs; *Low Income; Negroes; *Nutrition; Preschool Children; Social Differences ABSTRACT The contents of,this document include the following papers,-each followed by a discussion amongst workshop participants: "Nutritional Studies on United States Preschool Children: Dietary Intakes and Practices of Food-Procurement, Preparation, and Consumption, "Kathryn M. Kram and George M. Owen; "Food and Nutrition Intake of Children from Birth to Four Years of Age," Juanita A. Eagles and Priscilla D. Steele; "Child Feeding in the Rural qiow-Income Family, "Yana W. Jones; "Infant and Child Feeding Practices in the Urban Comftnity in the Nortlr-central Region," Norge W. Jerome, Barbara B. Kiser and Estella A. West; "Poor People, Good' Food, and Fat Babies: Observations on Dietary Behavior and Nutrition Among Low-income, Urban Afro - American Infants and Children," Betty Lou Valentine and Charles A. Vralehtine; "Cultural Determinants of Food Habits in Children,of Mexican Descent in California," Phyllis B. Acosta and Robert G. Aranda; "Infant and Childhood Feeding,Practices AmOng Low-Inconie Families in Urban Hawaii," Myrtle L. Brown and Claire Hughes Ho;.. and, "Infant and Child Feeding Practices. Among Low-Income Reservation and Rural American Indian and Alaska.Native Families," Mary A. Peterson. (JM) Practices of low-indome families in feeding infants and- small children (-with particular attention to cultural U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. subgroups EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS SEEN REPRO- DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG- INATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN- Proceedings of a IONS STATED ,.)0 NOT NECESSARILY National Workshop REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU- CATION POSITION OR POLICY , Air lie Conference Center Warrenton, Virginia March .17 -18, 1971 Samuel J. Fomon, M.D., and Thomas A. Anderson, Ph. D., Editors I. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Public Health Service Health Services and- Mental Health Administration Maternal and Child. Health Service Rockville, Maryland a 1972 For sole by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1.25 Stock Number 1730-0200' Contents Page Introductory Remarks by-Thomas A. Anderson 1 Survey Information 3 Nutritional Studies on United States Preschool Children: Dietary Intakes and Practices of Food Procurement, Preparation and Consumption, by Kathryn M. Kram and George M. Owen Food and Nutrient Intake of Children from Birth to 4 Years of Age, by Juanita A. Eagles and Priscilla D. Steele 19 Discussion 32 Rural Low-Income Groups 35 Child Feeding in the Rural Low-Income Family, by Jana W. Jones 37 Discussion 43 Urban Low-Income Groups 49 Infant and Child Feeding Practices in an Urban Community in the North-central Region, by Norge W. Jerome, Barbara B. Kiser and Estella A. West 49 ," Discussion 57 Poor People, Good Food, and Fat Babies: Observations on Dietary Behavior and Nutrition Among Low-Income, Urban Afro-American InfantS and Children, _ by Betty Lou Valentine and Charles A. Valentine 59 Discussion 71 ° Mexican-American Low-Income Groups 75 Cultural Determinants of Food Habits in Children of Mexican Descent in California, by 'Phyllis B. Acosta and Robert G. Aranda 75 Discussion 88 Low-Income Groups in Hawaii 91 Infant and Childhood Feeding Practices Among Low-Income Families in Urban Hawaii, by Myrtle I. Brown and Claire Hughes Ho 91 Discussion 96 Indian and Alaska Native Low-Income Groups - 101 Infant and Child Feeding Practices Among Low-Income Reservation and Rural American Indian and Alas1 a NatiVe Fatnilies, by Mary A. Peterson 101 Discussion 113 General Discussion 115 Summary by Samuel J. Fomop 121 Index 123. dii I Workshop participants DR- PHYLLIS B. ACOSTA DR. NORGE W. JEROME DR. GEORGE M. OWEN Associate Professor of Nutrition Assistant Professor Professor Schooj of Home Economics And School ofDepartment of Human Ecology Department of Pediatrics Medical Sciences University of Kansas Medical Center Ohio State University University of Nevada Kansas City. Kans. Columbus, Ohio Reno, Nev. DR. OGDEN JOHNSON MARY A. PETERSON LUISE E. ADDISS Director. Division of Nutrition Chief. Area Nutrition and Dietetics Branch Nutrition Consultant Food and Drug Administration Indian Health Service Head Start Program U.S. Department of Health, Education, and HSMHA,U.S.DepartmentofHealth. New Tors. N.Y. -Welfare Education, and Welfare Washington. D.C. Billings, Mont. ELSA ALVAREZ Chief Nutritionist 7A.N.t. W. JONES DR. MERRILL S. READ Children and Youth Project Nutrition Consultant Director, Growth and Des lopment Branch Hahnemann Hospital Team Evaluation Center, Inc. National Institute of Child Health and Whitehall Medical Center Human Development Philadelphia, Pa. Chattanooga, Tenn. U.S. Department of Healtkv Education, DR THOMAS A. ANDERSON and Welfare Associate Professor MARGARITA KAY - Bethesda, Md. Department of Pediatrics Griduate Student in Anthropology of Iowa University of Arizona FAUSTINA SOLIS Iowa Ci. Iowa Tucson, Ariz. Associate Professor Depirtment of Community Medicine DR. MYRTLE L BROWN KATHRYN M. SRAM School of Medicine Associate Professor Research Associate Nutritionist University of California at $115 Diego. Department of Nutrition Department of Pediatrics. La Jolla. Calif. Rutgers University._ Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio HELEN STARINA New Brunswick, N.J. Nutritionist "CATHERINE COWELL DORIS E. LAUBER Division of Child Health Services Principal Nutritionist Regional Nutrition Consultant Montana State Health Department Department of Health Maternal and Child Health Service Helena, Mont. Bureau of Nutrition HSMHA, U.S.DepartmentofHealth, New York, N.Y. Education,-and Welfare BETTY LOU VALENTINE San Fretncisco, Calif. Co-investigator DK JUANITA A. EAGLES Depart:I:tient of Anthropology Nutritionist DR. RUTH M. LEVERTON Washington University Consumer and Food Economics Research Assistant DeputrAdudnistrator St. Louis, .Mo. Dichdon Agricultural Research Service Agricultural Research Service DE:CHARLES A. VALENTINE U.S. Department of Agriculture Research Professor U.S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D.C. Department of Anthropology Hyattsville, Md. Washington University MARY LYNCH St. Louis. !do. MART C. EGAN Nutritionist Chief, Nutrition Section Maternity and Infant Care Project and Maternal and Child Health Service Children and Youth Project DR. PHILIP L. WHITE Health. Secretary HSMHA, U.S. Department of Boston Department of Health and Council on Food and Nutrition Education, and Welfare Hospitals American Medical Association Rockville. hid. Roxbury, Maas. Chicago, Ill. DR. LLOYD J. FILER. JR. DR. WILLIAM hi. MOORE DR. MARJORIE GRANT WHITING Professor_ Medical Anthropologist Nutrition Adviser for Office of Heald, Department of Pediatrics Growth and Development Branch Affairs University of Iowa National Institute elf Child Health andOffice of Economic Opportunity Iowa City, Iowa Human Development Washington, D.C. U.S. Department or Health, Education. PR. SAMUEL a. FOMON and Welfare DR. CHARLES F. WHITTEN Professor Bethesda, Md. Department of Pediatrics Professor of Pediatrics University of Iowa Wayne State University Iowa City, Iowa DR. MARY MURAL Detroit, Mich. Assistant Clinical Professor BARBARA GARLAND School of Public Health MARY ELLEN WILCOX Nutrition Consultant University of California Nutrition Consultant N.C. State Board of Health Berkeley, Calif; Dade County Department of Public Health Hickory Regional Office Miami. Fla. HiekorY, N.C. HELEN GER OLSON Chief, Nutrition and Dietetics Branch DR. VIRGINIA H. YOUNG VIRGINIA C. JAUCH Indian Health Service Chairman Director. Nutrition Section HSMHA, U.S.Department ofHealth,Department of Sociology and Anthropology Chicago Board of Health Education, and Welfare Finch College Chicago, Ill. Rockville, Aid. New-York, N.Y. Introductory remarks Dr. Thomas A. Anderson, Session Chairman : various cultural groups, especially those of low in- I should like to review the events that have led to come. Rather tbar, attempting, to cover the entire this meeting. childhood age span from birth through adoles- One of the specific recommendations of the 1969 cence, it was decided to focus on practices pertain - White House Conference on Food, Nutrition, and ing to children during the first 3 years of life. This Health 1 was expresser) as follows : decision did not imply that other age groups were Recommendation No 8. Need for compila- less important. Rather, it was believed that by lim- tion and dissemination of information re- iting the age range to be considered, the topic could garding nutritionally sound feeding practices. be examined in greater depth. A task force should be assembled to record Although inforniation on practices of