Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. (1995) 36: 101-112 Notes on the genus Amorphophallus (Araceae) IV. Revision of the species in Taiwan W.L.A. Hetterscheid' and Ching-I Peng2 'Chrysantenstraat 28, 1214 BM Hilversum, The Netherlands ^-Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 115, Republic of China (Received January 20, 1995;Accepte d March 21,1995 ) Abstract. Of the genus Amorphophallus, four species from Taiwan are recognized—A. henryiN.E . Br., A.hirtus N.E. Br.,A. kiusianus (Makino) Makino, and A. paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson.Th efirst tw o species areendemi c to Taiwan. Amorphophallus gigantiflorus Hayata and A. niimurai Yamam., both from Taiwan, are reduced to the synonymy of A. paeoniifolius and A. henryi, respectively. Amorphophallus kiusianus is newly recorded in Taiwan and the mainland Chinese A. sinensisBelva l is here reduced to its synonymy. Biogeographic considerations and phylogenetic affinities of the species are discussed. Keywords:Amorphophallus; Araceae; Distribution; Taiwan; Taxonomy. Introduction of the leaflets and the shape of the tuber, need to be stud­ ied. The nameAmorphophallus was first published as a no- men nudum by Blume in 1825 and validated by Decaisne Engie r (1911: 66) created section Dysamorphophallus in 1834 (type species A. campanulatus Decne. = A. for A. hirtus, based solely on the presence of hairs on the paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson). The first two species appendix. BecauseA .henryi was initially described ashav ­ from Taiwan described were A. henryi and A. hirtus, si­ ing anake d appendix, this species was assigned not to sec­ multaneously published by N. E. Brown (1903) based on tion Dysamorphophallus but to the very heterogeneous collections made by A. Henry. Both species were found section Conophallus (Schott) Engl. (nom. illeg., the cor­ in the same locality—Kaohsiung city, Shoushan ('Takow, rect name beingAdenophallus Bl.o rLeiophallus BL, cur­ Ape's Hill'). In 1916 Hayata described A. gigantiflorus rently under investigation).Amorphophallus kiusianus was from Taiwan. This species is here synonymized with A. unknown to Engler at the time. paeoniifolius. Amorphophallus kiusianus, the most recent A phylogenetic analysis of the entire genus is being addition of anAmorphophallus to the flora of Taiwan, was undertaken by W.L.A. Hetterscheid, but is not yet com­ collected for the first time in northern Taiwan (sterile,pre ­ pleted. Section Dysamorphophallus may be upheld when viously unidentified specimen) in 1933, and again half a it is shown tob e monophyletic and not leave another group century later from several other localities by C.-I Peng and paraphyletic. his associates. Hitherto this species was only known in Amorphophallus paeoniifolius belongs to a different southern Japan and SE mainland China (as A. sinensis alliance of species, with long anthers,conica l or fusiform- Belval). conical but highly variable appendices, and large, 2- or 3- lobed stigmas. This group contains A. hirsutus Teysm. & Phylogenetic Considerations Binnend. [Sumatra],A. koratensis Gagnep. [Thailand], A. opertus Hett. [Vietnam], A. prainii Hook.f . [southern Thai­ A few characters rare in Amorphophallus indicate a land, Malay Peninsula, northwest Sumatra],an dA . scaber rather close phylogenetic affinity between A. henryi, A. Serebr. & Hett. [Vietnam]. The monophyly of this group hirtus, andA. kiusianus. These characters are the hairs on is uncertain. Engler (1911) separatedA . paeoniifolius (sub the appendix, the red-margined leaflets, and the blue ber­ A. campanulatus (Roxb.) Blume, A. rex Prain and A. ries.Thi s species group probably constitutes a monophyl- dubius Blume) and A. prainii by assigning them to sec­ etic assemblage inAmorphophallus, and may include a few tions Cundarum (Reich.) Engl, and Cundaropsis Engl., other species from Indochina. Amorphophallus respectively. The separation was based on the short style macrorhizus Craib from northern Thailand has occasional of A. prainii versus the long style in species of section hairs on the appendix, but for several reasons does not Cundarum. We consider this an artificial separation, be­ appear to belong to this group. Amorphophallus cirrifer cause of the much larger number of similarities that exist Stapf (Thailand) may also prove to be a member of this between these species. group, but more details of its morphology, e.g. the color 102 Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, Vol.36 , 1995 Ying (1990) revived the long-subsumed genus roneous conclusion that A. henryi is synonymous with A. Hydrosme Schott by publishing two new combinations— kiusianus (asA. hirtus var. kiusianus (Makino) M. Hotta). H. gigantiflorus (Hayata) S.S. Ying and H. niimurai The distribution of the four species of Amorphophallus (Yamam.) S.S. Ying. Engler (1911) reduced Hydrosme to in Taiwan is illustrated in Figure 1. a section of Amorphophallus for lack of any consistent character to separate it from Amorphophallus. New stud­ ies of Amorphophallus have revealed no characters that Key to Species could lead to reverting this decision and we consider a) Sterile specimens: Ying's action as unwarranted and poorly supported, and have reduced his new combinations to the synonymy of 1.Petiol e scabrate/verrucate; tubers with thickened, an­ A. peaoniifolius and A. henryi, respectively. nulate rootscars 4.A. paeoniifolius 1.Petiol e smooth; tubers without annulate rootscars. Distribution 2. Leaflets obovate or elliptic-ovate; offset tubers present, slender and rhizomatous 2.A. hirtus Amorphophallus paeoniifolius is the most widespread 2. Leaflets elliptic-lanceolate or lanceolate; offset tu­ species in the genus—it is found from Madagascar to the bers lacking or otherwise shaped. Polynesian Islands.I t is suspected that most of its present- 3. Petiole pale or dark green with white spots; off­ day distribution has been brought about by humans, be­ set tubers subglobose I.A. henryi cause the species has been cultivated for many centuries as an important, though secondary, root crop (elephant- 3. Petiole as above, but with numerous tiny black­ yam). It is not certain that Taiwan is part of its original, ish green dots; offset tubers lacking natural distribution. 3. A. kiusianus Amorphophallus hirtus and A. henryi are endemic to b) Flowering specimens: Taiwan. 1. Peduncle equalling or shorter than spathe. Amorphophallus kiusianus isdistribute d in southern Ja­ 2. Appendix irregularly globose-conic, up to 20 cm pan, Taiwan, and the southeastern part of mainland China in diam. at base 4.A. paeoniifolius (as A. sinensis Belval, see below). The discovery of A. 2. Appendix slender, narrowly elongate fusiform, kiusianus in Taiwan is a new record. Previous inclusion 1.8—4 cm at the widest part I.A. henryi of Taiwan in the range of A. kiusianus by Japanese bota­ 1.Peduncl e much longer than spathe. nists (e.g. Ohashi, 1982) was based on Hotta's (1970) er- 3. Appendix purple,densel y hirsute,25-7 3 cm long 2.A. hirtus i. 120 121 3. Appendix blackish, glabrous or sparsely hirsute, 4-16 cm long 3.A. kiusianus -25* c) Fruiting specimens: 1. Peduncle uniformly tan, berries (orange-) red at ma­ turity 4.A. paeoniifolius 1.Peduncl e mottled or uniformly green, berries blue at maturity. ƒ A e"'" 7 ( -24* 2. Dried style remaining on berries 1m m long / f• ) / 3. A. kiusianus JL- i i / A 2. Dried style remaining on berries 3-4 mm long. rf0' ! r : l ) / *( 3. Peduncle slender, plain green, to ca. 20 cm long 9 0. ƒ •( - y I.A. henryi * t J -''~&- ' K '1 < 3. Peduncle massive, mottled, more than ca. 40 cm -23* M N y long (up to ca.120 cm) 2.A . hirtus t Vr \ ^ J 1. Amorphophallus henryi N. E. Br. in Forbes & f \l V f * Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc, Bot. 36: 181. 1903; Engler, 0 30 _?•- \n V Pflanzenr. IV (23C): 93. 1911; Yamamoto, J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 5: 189. 1933; Liu and Huang, Quart. J. -22' VJ Q Taiwan Mus. 16: 130. 1963; Huang, Fl. Taiwan 5: 801. 1978; Li, Shiao and Tseng, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 15(2): 93. 1977 (key, in Chinese); Li, Fl. Reip. Pop. Figure 1. Distribution of Amorphophallus henryi (circles), A. Sin. 13(2):97 . 1979.A .hirtus var.kiusianus (Makino) hirtus (stars), A. kiusianus (triangles), and A. paeoniifolius M. Hotta, Mem. Fac. Sei. Kyoto Univ., Ser. Biol. 4: (square) in Taiwan. Hetterscheid and Peng — Revision of Amorphophallus (Araceae) in Taiwan 103 Figure 2. Amorphophallus henni. A, tuber, showing sprouting, subglobose offsets (Leu 964);B , leaves seen from above (Peng 15041); C, inflorescence, habit (Peng 7727);D , inflorescence, dissected to show the lower part of the spadix (Peng 7727);E , infructescence, showing maturing berries (green via pale pink turning blue) (Wang 1176). 88. 1970,p.p .(onl y as to the synonym A.henryi N.E. or without numerous small white dots in between, surface Br.).—TYPE: Taiwan. Kaohsiung ('Takow'): dull or moderately glossy; lamina moderately or highly Shoushan ('Ape's Hill'), in rocky situations,A. Henry dissected, 30-100 cm in diam., rhachises narrowly winged; 776 (holotype: K; photograph. TAI; isotype: BM, E, leaflets elliptic-ovate, elliptic or lanceolate,4-2 6 cm long, MO. P US). -éîTtfJl^ Figure 2 1.5-5.5 cm in diam., acuminate or elongate acuminate, Amorphophallus niimurai Yamam.. J. Soc. Trop. Agric. upper surface mid or dark green, dull or glossy, margin at 5: 346.1933; Liu and Huang, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. first reddish pink, later usually turning green or whitish, 16: 130. 1963 ('A. kimurai'); Li, Shiao and Tseng, major veins strongly impressed, lower surface pale green. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 15(2):93 . 1977 (key. in Chinese); Inflorescence solitary, short peduncled; peduncle as peti­ Li, Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin. 13(2): 87. 1979. —Hydrosme ole, 4-20 cm long, 0.8-1.5 cm in diam., lengthening in niimurai (Yamam.) S. S. Ying. Mem. Coll. Agric, fruit; spathe campanulate, constricted between base and Natl. Taiwan Univ.